CHANNELS IN THE VISUAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : NEUROPHYSIOLOGY , PSYCHOPHYSICS AND MODELS

Spatial vision research during the 1970s was dominated by the spatial frequency channel paradigm of Campbell and Robson (1968). This article summarizes some research and current views on spatial frequency channels. By channels, we mean an array of medium bandwidth mechanisms, similar to the simple cells that are commonly found in the visual system. The viewpoint presented here provides a useful perspective, slightly different from that found in Graham's excellent book (1989). Spatial frequency channels play a central role in enabling us to discriminate small, complex objects with our constantly moving eyes. Given an image that is constantly moving on the retina, it is of great value to recode the information from the position domain to the relative position (size) domain to remove the effects of image motion.

[1]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[2]  A. S. Gilinsky.  Orientation-specific effects of patterns of adapting light on visual acuity. , 1968, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[3]  A Pantle,et al.  Size-Detecting Mechanisms in Human Vision , 1968, Science.

[4]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[5]  J. Robson,et al.  Application of fourier analysis to the visibility of gratings , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[6]  J P Thomas,et al.  Selective stimulation of two form-sensitive mechanisms. , 1969, Vision research.

[7]  C Blakemore,et al.  On the existence of neurones in the human visual system selectively sensitive to the orientation and size of retinal images , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[8]  F. Campbell,et al.  Visibility of aperiodic patterns compared with that of sinusoidal gratings , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[9]  J. Thomas.  Model of the function of receptive fields in human vision. , 1970, Psychological review.

[10]  C. Blakemore,et al.  The perceived spatial frequency shift: evidence for frequency‐selective neurones in the human brain , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  J. Robson,et al.  Spatial-frequency channels in human vision. , 1971, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[12]  P. O. Bishop,et al.  Spatial vision. , 1971, Annual review of psychology.

[13]  N. Graham,et al.  Detection of grating patterns containing two spatial frequencies: a comparison of single-channel and multiple-channels models. , 1971, Vision research.

[14]  D. Tolhurst.  Adaptation to square‐wave gratings: inhibition between spatial frequency channels in the human visual system , 1972, The Journal of physiology.

[15]  R V Lange,et al.  Adapted and unadapted spatial frequency channels in human vision. , 1973, Vision research.

[16]  A Vassilev,et al.  Adaptation to square-wave gratings: in search of the elusive third harmonic. , 1973, Vision research.

[17]  R. Lange,et al.  Composite adaptation and spatial frequency interactions. , 1973, Vision research.

[18]  S. Klein,et al.  Spatial frequency channels in human vision as asymmetric (edge) mechanisms. , 1974, Vision research.

[19]  S. Klein,et al.  The simultaneous spatial frequency shift: a dissociation between the detection and perception of gratings. , 1974, Vision research.

[20]  J Nachmias,et al.  Letter: Grating contrast: discrimination may be better than detection. , 1974, Vision research.

[21]  D. Broadbent,et al.  Some experiments bearing on the hypothesis that the visual system analyses spatial patterns in independent bands of spatial frequency , 1975, Vision Research.

[22]  K. D. Valois.  Spatial frequency adaptation can enhance contrast sensitivity , 1977, Vision Research.

[23]  K. D. De Valois,et al.  Spatial frequency adaptation can enhance contrast sensitivity. , 1977, Vision research.

[24]  D. Tolhurst,et al.  Interactions between spatial frequency channels , 1978, Vision Research.

[25]  C. F. Stromeyer,et al.  On inhibition between spatial frequency channels: Adaptation to complex gratings , 1980, Vision Research.

[26]  Jacob Nachmias,et al.  On the psychometric function for contrast detection , 1981, Vision Research.

[27]  Norma Graham,et al.  Simultaneous recognition of two spatial-frequency components , 1982, Vision Research.

[28]  L A Olzak,et al.  The interpretation of detection data through direct multivariate frequency analysis. , 1983, Psychological bulletin.

[29]  J. Nachmias,et al.  Masking by spatially-modulated gratings , 1983, Vision Research.

[30]  C. A. Burbeck,et al.  Critical problems in spatial vision. , 1984, Critical reviews in biomedical engineering.

[31]  H. Wilson,et al.  Spatial-frequency adaptation and grating discrimination: predictions of a line-element model. , 1984, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[32]  D Regan,et al.  Masking of spatial-frequency discrimination. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[33]  S A Klein,et al.  Double-judgment psychophysics: problems and solutions. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[34]  L A Olzak,et al.  Interactions between spatially tuned mechanisms: converging evidence. , 1985, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[35]  S. Klein,et al.  Position sense of the peripheral retina. , 1987, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[36]  J. Robson,et al.  Summation of very close spatial frequencies: the importance of spatial probability summation , 1987, Vision Research.

[37]  D. Regan,et al.  Opponent model for line interval discrimination: Interval and vernier performance compared , 1987, Vision Research.

[38]  M. Greenlee,et al.  Spatial waveform discrimination following higher-harmonic adaptation. , 1988, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[39]  Stanley A. Klein,et al.  Visual Multipoles And The Assessment Of Visual Sensitivity To Displayed Images , 1989, Photonics West - Lasers and Applications in Science and Engineering.

[40]  N. Graham.  Visual Pattern Analyzers , 1989 .

[41]  J P Thomas,et al.  Independent processing of suprathreshold spatial gratings as a function of their separation in spatial frequency. , 1989, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[42]  Dennis M. Levi,et al.  The role of separation and eccentricity in encoding position , 1990, Vision Research.

[43]  P. Romano.  Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. , 2000, Binocular vision & strabismus quarterly.

[44]  Cm.  VERNIER ACUITY AS LINE AND DIPOLE DETECTION * , 2002 .

[45]  R. Quick.  A vector-magnitude model of contrast detection , 2004, Kybernetik.