MuCHLoc: Indoor ZigBee Localization System Utilizing Inter-Channel Characteristics †

The deployment of a large-scale indoor sensor network faces a sensor localization problem because we need to manually locate significantly large numbers of sensors when Global Positioning System (GPS) is unavailable in an indoor environment. Fingerprinting localization is a popular indoor localization method relying on the received signal strength (RSS) of radio signals, which helps to solve the sensor localization problem. However, fingerprinting suffers from low accuracy because of an RSS instability, particularly in sensor localization, owing to low-power ZigBee modules used on sensor nodes. In this paper, we present MuCHLoc, a fingerprinting sensor localization system that improves the localization accuracy by utilizing channel diversity. The key idea of MuCHLoc is the extraction of channel diversity from the RSS of Wi-Fi access points (APs) measured on multiple ZigBee channels through fingerprinting localization. MuCHLoc overcomes the RSS instability by increasing the dimensions of the fingerprints using channel diversity. We conducted experiments collecting the RSS of Wi-Fi APs in a practical environment while switching the ZigBee channels, and evaluated the localization accuracy. The evaluations revealed that MuCHLoc improves the localization accuracy by approximately 15% compared to localization using a single channel. We also showed that MuCHLoc is effective in a dynamic radio environment where the radio propagation channel is unstable from the movement of objects including humans.

[1]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  Design of WiFi AP-RSS Monitoring System Using Sensor Nodes , 2015, 2015 Third International Symposium on Computing and Networking (CANDAR).

[2]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  WILL: Wireless indoor localization without site survey , 2012, 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[3]  Sajal K. Das,et al.  A survey on sensor localization , 2010 .

[4]  Tom Minka,et al.  You are facing the Mona Lisa: spot localization using PHY layer information , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[5]  Hao Wu,et al.  A Survey on Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2011 .

[6]  Shueng-Han Gary Chan,et al.  Chameleon: Survey-Free Updating of a Fingerprint Database for Indoor Localization , 2016, IEEE Pervasive Computing.

[7]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  DV Based Positioning in Ad Hoc Networks , 2003, Telecommun. Syst..

[8]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  Accuracy improvement in sensor localization system utilizing heterogeneous wireless technologies , 2017, 2017 Tenth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network (ICMU).

[9]  Radhika Nagpal,et al.  Organizing a Global Coordinate System from Local Information on an Ad Hoc Sensor Network , 2003, IPSN.

[10]  Prashant Krishnamurthy,et al.  Analysis of WLAN's received signal strength indication for indoor location fingerprinting , 2012, Pervasive Mob. Comput..

[11]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  Evaluation of BLE Separate Channel Fingerprinting in Practical Environment , 2018, 2018 7th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI).

[12]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  Locating in fingerprint space: wireless indoor localization with little human intervention , 2012, Mobicom '12.

[13]  Tarek F. Abdelzaher,et al.  Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[14]  Swarun Kumar,et al.  Decimeter-Level Localization with a Single WiFi Access Point , 2016, NSDI.

[15]  Philipp Bolliger,et al.  Redpin - adaptive, zero-configuration indoor localization through user collaboration , 2008, MELT '08.

[16]  Moustafa Youssef,et al.  No need to war-drive: unsupervised indoor localization , 2012, MobiSys '12.

[17]  Zhijun Li,et al.  WEBee: Physical-Layer Cross-Technology Communication via Emulation , 2017, MobiCom.

[18]  Liang Huang,et al.  The Analysis of Anchor Placement for Self-localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2012, CWSN.

[19]  Wenbin Lin,et al.  Indoor Localization and Automatic Fingerprint Update with Altered AP Signals , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[20]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  WiFi AP-RSS Monitoring Using Sensor Nodes toward Anchor-Free Sensor Localization , 2015, 2015 IEEE 82nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2015-Fall).

[21]  Hiroyuki Morikawa,et al.  DOLPHIN: A Practical Approach for Implementing a Fully Distributed Indoor Ultrasonic Positioning System , 2004, UbiComp.

[22]  Shiwen Mao,et al.  CSI-Based Fingerprinting for Indoor Localization: A Deep Learning Approach , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[23]  Lei Shu,et al.  ZIL: An Energy-Efficient Indoor Localization System Using ZigBee Radio to Detect WiFi Fingerprints , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[24]  Andrea Zanella,et al.  RSS-Based Ranging by Multichannel RSS Averaging , 2014, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[25]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  Design of WiFi-AP operating channel estimation scheme for sensor node , 2016, 2016 Ninth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking (ICMU).

[26]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  Initial Evaluation of ZigLoc: Anchor-Free Sensor Localization System using WiFi Fingerprints , 2017 .

[27]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[28]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  ZiFind: Exploiting cross-technology interference signatures for energy-efficient indoor localization , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[29]  Konstantinos N. Plataniotis,et al.  Intelligent Dynamic Radio Tracking in Indoor Wireless Local Area Networks , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[30]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  GPS-less low-cost outdoor localization for very small devices , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[31]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Ad hoc positioning system (APS) , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[32]  Shaojie Tang,et al.  Wi-Fi Fingerprint Based Indoor Localization without Indoor Space Measurement , 2013, 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[33]  Akira Fukuda,et al.  Evaluation of MultiZigLoc: Indoor ZigBee Localization System Using Inter-Channel Characteristics , 2018, 2018 Eleventh International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Network (ICMU).

[34]  Mo Li,et al.  Precise Power Delay Profiling with Commodity Wi-Fi , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[35]  Miklós Maróti,et al.  Wireless sensor node localization , 2012, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences.

[36]  Prasant Misra,et al.  Spray: A multi-modal localization system for stationary sensor network deployment , 2014, 2014 11th Annual Conference on Wireless On-demand Network Systems and Services (WONS).

[37]  Tarek F. Abdelzaher,et al.  Range-free localization and its impact on large scale sensor networks , 2005, TECS.