Psychology of Terrorism

Abstract : In compiling this annotated bibliography on the psychology of terrorism, the author has defined terrorism as "acts of violence intentionally perpetrated on civilian noncombatants with the goal of furthering some ideological, religious or political objective." The principal focus is on nonstate actors. The task was to identify and analyze the scientific and professional social science literature pertaining to the psychological and/or behavioral dimensions of terrorist behavior (not on victimization or effects). The objectives were to explore what questions pertaining to terrorist groups and behavior had been asked by social science researchers; to identify the main findings from that research; and attempt to distill and summarize them within a framework of operationally relevant questions. To identify the relevant social science literature, the author began by searching a series of major academic databases using a systematic, iterative keyword strategy, mapping, where possible, onto existing subject headings. The focus was on locating professional social science literature published in major books or in peer-reviewed journals. Searches were conducted of the following databases October 2003: Sociofile/Sociological Abstracts, Criminal Justice Abstracts (CJ Abstracts), Criminal Justice Periodical Index (CJPI), National Criminal Justice Reference Service Abstracts (NCJRS), PsycInfo, Medline, and Public Affairs Information Service (PAIS). Three types of annotations were provided for works in this bibliography: Author's Abstract -- this is the abstract of the work as provided (and often published) by the author; Editor's Annotation -- this is an annotation written by the editor of this bibliography; and Key Quote Summary -- this is an annotation composed of "key quotes" from the original work, edited to provide a cogent overview of its main points.

[1]  Martha Crenshaw,et al.  Decisions to use terrorism: Psychological constraints on instrumental reasoning: Martha Crenshaw , 2013 .

[2]  James J.F. Forest,et al.  The Making of a Terrorist , 2005 .

[3]  Anne Speckhard,et al.  Talking to Terrorists , 2005 .

[4]  J. Horgan.  The social and psychological characteristics of terrorism and terrorists , 2005 .

[5]  F. Moghaddam.  The staircase to terrorism: a psychological exploration. , 2005, The American psychologist.

[6]  J. Victoroff.  The Mind of the Terrorist , 2005 .

[7]  Rex A. Hudson,et al.  The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why? , 2005 .

[8]  R. Borum,et al.  The Role of Operational Research in Counterterrorism , 2004 .

[9]  Marc Sageman,et al.  Understanding terror networks. , 2004, International journal of emergency mental health.

[10]  Willem H. J. Martens Md and.  The terrorist with antisocial personality disorder , 2004 .

[11]  Gordon H. McCormick.  Terrorist Decision Making , 2003 .

[12]  Andrew Silke,et al.  Deindividuation, Anonymity, and Violence: Findings From Northern Ireland , 2003, The Journal of social psychology.

[13]  R. Pape,et al.  The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism , 2003, American Political Science Review.

[14]  O. Kernberg.  Sanctioned social violence: A psychoanalytic view ‐ Part I , 2003, The International journal of psycho-analysis.

[15]  Emad Salib.  Suicide terrorism: a case of folie à plusieurs? , 2003, The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science.

[16]  J. Post,et al.  The terrorists in their own words: Interviews with 35 incarcerated Middle Eastern terrorists**This research was conducted with the support of the Smith Richardson Foundation. , 2003 .

[17]  L. Skitka,et al.  The Dark Side of Moral Conviction , 2002 .

[18]  C. Ruby,et al.  Are Terrorists Mentally Deranged , 2002 .

[19]  J. Post,et al.  The Psychology of the Terrorist , 2002 .

[20]  Charles S. Maier.  The Culture of Culture: Toward a German Variant of Performative Democracy , 2002 .

[21]  D. Fishbein,et al.  Executive cognitive functioning and aggression: a public health perspective , 2002 .

[22]  Jerrold M. Post,et al.  The Radical Group in Context: 1. An Integrated Framework for the Analysis of Group Risk for Terrorism , 2002 .

[23]  A. Beck.  Prisoners of hate. , 2002, Behaviour research and therapy.

[24]  A. Silke.  The Devil You Know: Continuing Problems with Research on Terrorism , 2001 .

[25]  J. Horgan,et al.  The Psychological and Behavioural Bases of Islamic Fundamentalism , 2001 .

[26]  G. Hofstede.  Culture′s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations , 2001 .

[27]  Jonathan R. White,et al.  Political Eschatology , 2001 .

[28]  David W. Brannan,et al.  Talking to "Terrorists": Towards an Independent Analytical Framework for the Study of Violent Substate Activism , 2001 .

[29]  G. Awad.  Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind. , 2000 .

[30]  Martha Crenshaw,et al.  The Psychology of Terrorism: An Agenda for the 21st Century , 2000 .

[31]  Barbara Hermann.  David M. Stoff, Jim Breiling und Jack M. Maser (Eds.). (1997). Handbook of antisocial behavior. New York: Wiley, 600 Seiten, DM 248,-. , 1999 .

[32]  B Vossekuil,et al.  Threat assessment: defining an approach for evaluating risk of targeted violence. , 1999, Behavioral sciences & the law.

[33]  S. Akhtar,et al.  The Psychodynamic Dimension of Terrorism , 1999 .

[34]  B. Hoffman.  The Mind of the Terrorist: Perspectives From Social Psychology , 1999 .

[35]  R. Baumeister.  Evil: Inside Human Violence and Cruelty , 1999 .

[36]  C. J. Drake,et al.  The role of ideology in terrorists’ target selection , 1998 .

[37]  M. Swartz,et al.  Assessing and Managing Violence Risk in Clinical Practice , 1996 .

[38]  R. Baumeister,et al.  The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. , 1995, Psychological bulletin.

[39]  Jeffrey Ian Ross.  Structural Causes of Oppositional Political Terrorism: Towards a Causal Model , 1993 .

[40]  T. Feldmann,et al.  Personality types and terrorism: Self-psychology perspectives , 1992 .

[41]  J. Potter.  The psychology of the terrorist. , 1992, Journal - Forensic Science Society.

[42]  George F. MacDonald,et al.  What Is Culture , 1991 .

[43]  Ariel Merari,et al.  Academic research and government policy on terrorism , 1991 .

[44]  L. Berkowitz.  Frustration-aggression hypothesis: examination and reformulation. , 1989, Psychological bulletin.

[45]  Peter H. Merkl.  Political violence and terror : motifs and motivations , 1989, American Political Science Review.

[46]  Janet L Kunciw.  Profile of a Terrorist. , 1988 .

[47]  David C. Rapoport.  Fear and Trembling: Terrorism in Three Religious Traditions , 1983, American Political Science Review.

[48]  B. Jenkins.  Terrorism and Beyond an International Conference on Terrorism and Low-Level Conflict , 1982 .

[49]  R. W. Rogers,et al.  Effects of public and private self-awareness on deindividuation and aggression. , 1982 .

[50]  Konrad Kellen,et al.  Terrorists -- What Are They Like? How Some Terrorists Describe Their World and Actions , 1979 .

[51]  J. Lion.  Crusaders Criminals Crazies: Terror and Terrorism in Our Time , 1977 .

[52]  S. Milgram.  Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View , 1975 .

[53]  H. Tajfel.  Social identity and intergroup behaviour , 1974 .

[54]  L. Feuer.  The conflict of generations : the character and significance of student movements , 1969 .

[55]  B. Latané,et al.  Bystander intervention in emergencies: diffusion of responsibility. , 1968, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[56]  T. Gurr.  Psychological Factors in Civil Violence , 1968, World Politics.

[57]  S Milgram,et al.  Some Conditions of Obedience and Disobedience to Authority , 1965 .

[58]  I. Janis.  GROUP IDENTIFICATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF EXTERNAL DANGER. , 1963, The British journal of medical psychology.

[59]  Alfred G. Meyer,et al.  Culture, a critical review of concepts and definitions , 1953 .

[60]  L. Festinger,et al.  Some consequences of de-individuation in a group , 1952 .

[61]  John C. Parker,et al.  “This culture” , 1940, Electrical Engineering.

[62]  L. Farrand.  THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION. , 1897, Science.

[63]  Donald M. Taylor,et al.  Terrorism and the quest for identity. , 2004 .

[64]  L. D. Mause.  The Childhood Origins of Terrorism , 2004 .

[65]  F. Moghaddam,et al.  Understanding terrorism: Psychosocial roots, consequences, and interventions. , 2004 .

[66]  Michael Bond,et al.  The making of a suicide bomber , 2004 .

[67]  W. Laqueur.  No End to War: Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century , 2003 .

[68]  Frank Schorkopf.  Behavioral and Social Science Perspectives on Political Violence , 2003 .

[69]  Randy Borum,et al.  Understanding the Terrorist Mindset , 2003 .

[70]  R. Borum.  Profiling Hazards: Profiling in Counterterrorism and Homeland Security , 2003 .

[71]  Clark McCauley,et al.  Psychological issues in understanding terrorism and the response to terrorism. , 2002 .

[72]  Robert D. Hare,et al.  Psychopaths and their nature: Implications for the mental health and criminal justice systems. , 1998 .

[73]  Andrew Silke,et al.  Cheshire-cat logic: The recurring theme of terrorist abnormality in psychological research , 1998 .

[74]  J. Alterman,et al.  How Terrorism Ends , 1998 .

[75]  P. Brain,et al.  Hormonal aspects of aggression and violence. , 1997 .

[76]  E. Coccaro,et al.  Neurotransmitter correlates of human aggression. , 1997 .

[77]  K. Dodge,et al.  Social information processing mechanisms in aggressive behavior. , 1997 .

[78]  A. Raine.  Antisocial behavior and psychophysiology: A biosocial perspective and a prefrontal dysfunction hypothesis. , 1997 .

[79]  D. Grossman.  On Killing: The Psychological Cost of Learning to Kill in War and Society , 1996 .

[80]  D. Porta.  Social movements, political violence, and the state: Bibliography , 1995 .

[81]  Richard B. Felson,et al.  Violence, aggression & coercive actions , 1994 .

[82]  Martha Crenshaw,et al.  Current research on terrorism: The academic perspective , 1992 .

[83]  N. Friedland.  Becoming a terrorist: social and individual antecedents. , 1992 .

[84]  K. Björkqvist,et al.  Of Mice and Women: Aspects of Female Aggression , 1994, Politics and the Life Sciences.

[85]  D. Porta.  Social movements and violence : participation in underground organizations , 1992 .

[86]  D. Benton.  4 – Hormones and Human Aggression , 1992 .

[87]  Jerrold M. Post,et al.  Terrorist psycho-logic: Terrorist behavior as a product of psychological forces. , 1990 .

[88]  W. Reich.  Understanding terrorist behavior: The limits and opportunities of psychological inquiry. , 1990 .

[89]  Kent Layne Oots.  Organizational perspectives on the formation and disintegration of terrorist groups , 1989 .

[90]  Martha Srenshaw,et al.  The Subjective Reality of the Terrorist: Ideological and Psychological Factors in Terrorism , 1988 .

[91]  R. Malott,et al.  Rule-Governed Behavior and Behavioral Anthropology , 1988, The Behavior analyst.

[92]  J. Post.  Rewarding Fire with Fire: Effects of Retaliation on Terrorist Group Dynamics , 1987 .

[93]  Grant Wardlaw,et al.  The Psychology of Political Terrorism , 1987 .

[94]  E D Shaw,et al.  Political terrorists: dangers of diagnosis and an alternative to the psychopathology model. , 1986, International journal of law and psychiatry.

[95]  Kent Layne Oots,et al.  Terrorist and victim: Psychiatric and physiological approaches from a social science perspective , 1986 .

[96]  K Wasmund,et al.  The political socialization of West German terrorists. , 1986 .

[97]  M. Crenshaw,et al.  The psychology of political terrorism , 1986 .

[98]  Alex P. Schmid,et al.  Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, and Literature , 1984 .

[99]  Jerrold M. Post,et al.  Notes on a Psychodynamic Theory of Terrorist Behavior , 1984 .

[100]  C. Huff,et al.  The mad, the bad, and the different : essays in honor of Simon Dinitz , 1983 .

[101]  R. Corrado.  A critique of the mental disorder perspective of political terrorism. , 1981, International journal of law and psychiatry.

[102]  John M. Gleason,et al.  Behavioral and quantitative perspectives on terrorism , 1981 .

[103]  F. Alonso Fernández,et al.  [Psychology of terrorism]. , 1980, Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina.

[104]  Dale T. Miller,et al.  Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. , 1978 .

[105]  P. Zimbardo.  The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos. , 1969 .