Event-Driven Control With Deadline Optimization for Linear Systems With Stochastic Delays

This work presents a novel control strategy for systems with actuation delays with known stochastic distribution, which improves upon previously proposed deadline-driven and event-driven strategies. In the event-driven strategy, the control input is immediately updated after the delay, whereas in the deadline-driven strategy, the actuation is updated in a periodic fashion, where the sampling period sets a deadline; if the delay is larger than this deadline, the actuation is not updated. Our method switches between these two strategies and guarantees better performance, in a linear–quadratic–Gaussian sense, than either method considered separately. An extension of the novel method with a deadline-optimization scheme is shown to improve the performance even further. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

[1]  W. P. M. H. Heemels,et al.  Self-triggered and event-driven control for linear systems with stochastic delays , 2017, 2017 American Control Conference (ACC).

[2]  Bruno Sinopoli,et al.  Kalman filtering with intermittent observations , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[3]  Manuel Mazo,et al.  Self-triggered control over wireless sensor and actuator networks , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems and Workshops (DCOSS).

[4]  Sheldon M. Ross,et al.  Stochastic Processes , 2018, Gauge Integral Structures for Stochastic Calculus and Quantum Electrodynamics.

[5]  B. Bernhardsson,et al.  Optimal Control over Networks with Long Random Delays , 2000 .

[6]  Johan Nilsson,et al.  Real-Time Control Systems with Delays , 1998 .

[7]  Nathan van de Wouw,et al.  Compensation-based control for lossy communication networks , 2012, 2012 American Control Conference (ACC).

[8]  R. P. Marques,et al.  Discrete-Time Markov Jump Linear Systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[9]  Wpmh Maurice Heemels,et al.  Switching data-processing methods in a control loop : trade-off between delay and probability of data acquisition , 2016 .

[10]  Dimitri P. Bertsekas,et al.  Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control, Two Volume Set , 1995 .

[11]  Paulo Tabuada,et al.  Event-Triggered and Self-Triggered Control , 2015, Encyclopedia of Systems and Control.

[12]  J. Nilsson,et al.  Timing problems in real-time control systems , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC'95.

[13]  João Pedro Hespanha,et al.  A Survey of Recent Results in Networked Control Systems , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[14]  Bruno Sinopoli,et al.  Foundations of Control and Estimation Over Lossy Networks , 2007, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[15]  Giorgio Buttazzo,et al.  Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications , 1997 .

[16]  Doreen Meier,et al.  Introduction To Stochastic Control Theory , 2016 .

[17]  Björn Wittenmark,et al.  Stochastic Analysis and Control of Real-time Systems with Random Time Delays , 1999 .

[18]  Raphael Rom,et al.  Multiple Access Protocols: Performance and Analysis , 1990, SIGMETRICS Perform. Evaluation Rev..

[19]  Peter Seiler,et al.  An Overview of Integral Quadratic Constraints for Delayed Nonlinear and Parameter-Varying Systems , 2015, ArXiv.

[20]  Graham C. Goodwin,et al.  Control over unreliable networks affected by packet erasures and variable transmission delays , 2008, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[21]  W. P. M. H. Heemels,et al.  Switching data-processing methods for feedback control: Breaking the speed versus accuracy trade-off , 2015, 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC).

[22]  W. L. De Koning,et al.  Infinite horizon optimal control of linear discrete time systems with stochastic parameters , 1982, Autom..

[23]  Burak Demirel Architectures and Performance Analysis of Wireless Control Systems , 2015 .

[24]  Twan Basten,et al.  Robustness analysis of multiprocessor schedules , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation (SAMOS XIV).

[25]  Christos G. Cassandras,et al.  Event-driven control, communication, and optimization , 2013, Proceedings of the 32nd Chinese Control Conference.

[26]  W. P. M. H. Heemels,et al.  Rollout Event-Triggered Control: Beyond Periodic Control Performance , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[27]  Panos J. Antsaklis,et al.  Stability of model-based networked control systems with time-varying transmission times , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[28]  Pablo Soldati,et al.  Modular co-design of controllers and transmission schedules in WirelessHART , 2011, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference.

[29]  W. P. M. H. Heemels,et al.  Frequency-Domain Analysis of Control Loops With Intermittent Data Losses , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[30]  Karl Henrik Johansson,et al.  Performance Analysis of a Network of Event-Based Systems , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.

[31]  Babak Hassibi,et al.  On LQG control across a stochastic packet-dropping link , 2005, Proceedings of the 2005, American Control Conference, 2005..

[32]  Emilia Fridman,et al.  Tutorial on Lyapunov-based methods for time-delay systems , 2014, Eur. J. Control.

[33]  J. Wendelberger Adventures in Stochastic Processes , 1993 .