Wireless sensor network localization techniques

Wireless sensor network localization is an important area that attracted significant research interest. This interest is expected to grow further with the proliferation of wireless sensor network applications. This paper provides an overview of the measurement techniques in sensor network localization and the one-hop localization algorithms based on these measurements. A detailed investigation on multi-hop connectivity-based and distance-based localization algorithms are presented. A list of open research problems in the area of distance-based sensor network localization is provided with discussion on possible approaches to them.

[1]  D. C. Cox,et al.  800-MHz attenuation measured in and around suburban houses , 1984, AT&T Bell Laboratories Technical Journal.

[2]  Saipradeep Venkatraman,et al.  A novel ToA location algorithm using LoS range estimation for NLoS environments , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[3]  D.G.M. Cruickshank,et al.  Performance of a TDOA-AOA hybrid mobile location system , 2001 .

[4]  Zafer Sahinoglu,et al.  The Cramer-Rao bounds of hybrid TOA/RSS and TDOA/RSS location estimation schemes , 2004, IEEE Communications Letters.

[5]  A. Weiss,et al.  Performance analysis of bearing-only target location algorithms , 1992 .

[6]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  GPS-less low-cost outdoor localization for very small devices , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[7]  Alfred O. Hero,et al.  Relative location estimation in wireless sensor networks , 2003, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[8]  Arthur Jay Barabell,et al.  Improving the resolution performance of eigenstructure-based direction-finding algorithms , 1983, ICASSP.

[9]  H.V. Poor,et al.  Nonparametric nonline-of-sight identification , 2003, 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484).

[10]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING 1 An Analysis of Error Inducing Parameters in Multihop Sensor Node Localization , 2004 .

[11]  Weihua Zhuang,et al.  Hybrid TDOA/AOA mobile user location for wideband CDMA cellular systems , 2002, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[12]  Don J. Torrieri,et al.  Statistical Theory of Passive Location Systems , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[13]  J.H. Reed,et al.  Direction finding methods for CDMA systems , 1996, Conference Record of The Thirtieth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[14]  Erry Gunawan,et al.  Radiolocation in CDMA Cellular System Based on Joint Angle and Delay Estimation , 2002, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[15]  J. Smith,et al.  The spherical interpolation method of source localization , 1987 .

[16]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID , 2004, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2003. (PerCom 2003)..

[17]  G. Carter,et al.  The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay , 1976 .

[18]  Richard P. Martin,et al.  The limits of localization using signal strength: a comparative study , 2004, 2004 First Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, 2004. IEEE SECON 2004..

[19]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Ad hoc positioning system (APS) , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[20]  Heung-Ryeol You,et al.  The NLOS mitigation technique for position location using IS-95 CDMA networks , 2000, Vehicular Technology Conference Fall 2000. IEEE VTS Fall VTC2000. 52nd Vehicular Technology Conference (Cat. No.00CH37152).

[21]  J. Holtzman,et al.  The non-line of sight problem in mobile location estimation , 1996, Proceedings of ICUPC - 5th International Conference on Universal Personal Communications.

[22]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  Sensor network localization with imprecise distances , 2006, Syst. Control. Lett..

[23]  Pi-Chun Chen,et al.  A non-line-of-sight error mitigation algorithm in location estimation , 1999, WCNC. 1999 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (Cat. No.99TH8466).

[24]  Bruce Hendrickson,et al.  Conditions for Unique Graph Realizations , 1992, SIAM J. Comput..

[25]  Richard C. Bernhardt.  Macroscopic Diversity in Frequency Reuse Radio Systems , 1987, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[26]  Li Xiong,et al.  A selective model to suppress NLOS signals in angle-of-arrival (AOA) location estimation , 1998, Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (Cat. No.98TH8361).

[27]  Dieter Fox,et al.  Real-time particle filters , 2004, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[28]  Don Koks.  Numerical Calculations for Passive Geolocation Scenarios , 2007 .

[29]  Henry Tirri,et al.  A Statistical Modeling Approach to Location Estimation , 2002, IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput..

[30]  Daniel W. Bliss,et al.  Angle of arrival estimation in the presence of multiple access interference for CDMA cellular phone systems , 2000, Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop. SAM 2000 (Cat. No.00EX410).

[31]  Thomas Kleine-Ostmann,et al.  A data fusion architecture for enhanced position estimation in wireless networks , 2001, IEEE Communications Letters.

[32]  Xiang Ji,et al.  Sensor positioning in wireless ad-hoc sensor networks using multidimensional scaling , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[33]  William A. Gardner,et al.  Signal-selective time-difference-of-arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal sources in highly corruptive environments. I. Theory and method , 1992, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[34]  J. Abel.  A divide and conquer approach to least-squares estimation , 1990 .

[35]  Yinyu Ye,et al.  Semidefinite programming for ad hoc wireless sensor network localization , 2004, Third International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2004. IPSN 2004.

[36]  Radhika Nagpal,et al.  Organizing a Global Coordinate System from Local Information on an Ad Hoc Sensor Network , 2003, IPSN.

[37]  Leonard M. Blumenthal,et al.  Theory and applications of distance geometry , 1954 .

[38]  Weihua Zhuang,et al.  Nonline-of-sight error mitigation in mobile location , 2005, IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun..

[39]  K. Doğançay.  Emitter localization using clustering-based bearing association , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[40]  Ying Zhang,et al.  Localization from connectivity in sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[41]  Mostafa Kaveh,et al.  Threshold extension based on a new paradigm for MUSIC-type estimation , 1990, International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[42]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Robust Positioning Algorithms for Distributed Ad-Hoc Wireless Sensor Networks , 2002, USENIX Annual Technical Conference, General Track.

[43]  Robert A. Scholtz,et al.  Ranging in a dense multipath environment using an UWB radio link , 2002, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun..

[44]  B. R. Badrinath,et al.  Error characteristics of ad hoc positioning systems (aps) , 2004, MobiHoc '04.

[45]  A.H. Sayed,et al.  Network-based wireless location: challenges faced in developing techniques for accurate wireless location information , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[46]  Konstantinos N. Plataniotis,et al.  Data fusion of power and time measurements for mobile terminal location , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[47]  Thomas Kailath,et al.  ESPRIT-estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques , 1989, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[48]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  Graphical properties of easily localizable sensor networks , 2009, Wirel. Networks.

[49]  K.J.R. Liu,et al.  Signal processing techniques in network-aided positioning: a survey of state-of-the-art positioning designs , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[50]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MOBICOM ’00) The Cricket Location-Support System , 2022 .

[51]  John W. Fisher,et al.  Nonparametric belief propagation for self-localization of sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[52]  Ilan Ziskind,et al.  Maximum likelihood localization of multiple sources by alternating projection , 1988, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process..

[53]  WADE FOY,et al.  Position-Location Solutions by Taylor-Series Estimation , 1976, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[54]  William A. Gardner,et al.  18 High-resolution direction finding , 1993, Signal Processing and its Applications.

[55]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  The bits and flops of the n-hop multilateration primitive for node localization problems , 2002, WSNA '02.

[56]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[57]  Xin Wang,et al.  A TOA-based location algorithm reducing the errors due to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation , 2001, IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211).

[58]  Clinton J. Ancker,et al.  Airborne Direction Finding---The Theory of Navigation Errors , 1958, IRE Transactions on Aeronautical and Navigational Electronics.

[59]  David C. Moore,et al.  Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements , 2004, SenSys '04.

[60]  L. El Ghaoui,et al.  Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[61]  Mauro Brunato,et al.  Statistical learning theory for location fingerprinting in wireless LANs , 2005, Comput. Networks.

[62]  Branka Vucetic,et al.  Simulated Annealing based Wireless Sensor Network Localization with Flip Ambiguity Mitigation , 2006, 2006 IEEE 63rd Vehicular Technology Conference.

[63]  R.L. Moses,et al.  Locating the nodes: cooperative localization in wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[64]  R. Kumaresan,et al.  Estimating the Angles of Arrival of Multiple Plane Waves , 1983, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[65]  Kay Römer.  The Lighthouse Location System for Smart Dust , 2003, MobiSys '03.

[66]  Kung Yao,et al.  Source localization and beamforming , 2002, IEEE Signal Process. Mag..

[67]  T. Kailath,et al.  A subspace rotation approach to signal parameter estimation , 1986, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[68]  Jeffrey H. Reed,et al.  Position location using wireless communications on highways of the future , 1996, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[69]  Marilynn P. Wylie-Green,et al.  Robust range estimation in the presence of the non-line-of-sight error , 2001, IEEE 54th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Fall 2001. Proceedings (Cat. No.01CH37211).

[70]  Dieter Fox,et al.  Bayesian Filtering for Location Estimation , 2003, IEEE Pervasive Comput..

[71]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  Localization in sparse networks using sweeps , 2006, MobiCom '06.

[72]  Srdjan Capkun,et al.  GPS-free Positioning in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks , 2001, Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[73]  Weihua Zhuang,et al.  Non-line-of-sight error mitigation in TDOA mobile location , 2001, GLOBECOM'01. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Cat. No.01CH37270).

[74]  Jian Li,et al.  Computationally efficient angle estimation for signals with known waveforms , 1995, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[75]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  Precise Localization using Sweeps in Sparse Networks , 2006, MobiCom 2006.

[76]  Panos K. Chrysanthis,et al.  On indoor position location with wireless LANs , 2002, The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[77]  Robert Connelly,et al.  Generic Global Rigidity , 2005, Discret. Comput. Geom..

[78]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[79]  Y. Ye,et al.  A Gradient Search Method to Round the Semideflnite Programming Relaxation Solution for Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Network Localization , 2004 .

[80]  D. L. Hall,et al.  Mathematical Techniques in Multisensor Data Fusion , 1992 .

[81]  G. Carter.  Time delay estimation for passive sonar signal processing , 1981 .

[82]  Guoqiang Mao,et al.  Passive Angle Measurement Based LocalizationConsistency via Geometric Constraints , 2007, 2007 Information, Decision and Control.

[83]  Gianluca Mazzini,et al.  Localization in sensor networks with fading and mobility , 2002, The 13th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications.

[84]  T. Kailath,et al.  An efficient non-iterative method for estimating the angles of arrival of known signals , 1993, Proceedings of 27th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers.

[85]  S. Bancroft.  An Algebraic Solution of the GPS Equations , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[86]  Koen Langendoen,et al.  Distributed localization in wireless sensor networks: a quantitative compariso , 2003, Comput. Networks.

[87]  B. T. Fang,et al.  Simple solutions for hyperbolic and related position fixes , 1990 .

[88]  D. McCrady,et al.  Mobile ranging using low-accuracy clocks , 2000 .

[89]  Colin L. Mallows,et al.  A system for LEASE: location estimation assisted by stationary emitters for indoor RF wireless networks , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[90]  B. Nath,et al.  Localized positioning in ad hoc networks , 2003, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications, 2003..

[91]  K. C. Ho,et al.  A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location , 1994, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[92]  W.A. Gardner,et al.  Signal-selective time-difference of arrival estimation for passive location of man-made signal sources in highly corruptive environments. II. Algorithms and performance , 1992, IEEE Trans. Signal Process..

[93]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  Rigidity, computation, and randomization in network localization , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[94]  J.L. Poirot,et al.  Application of Linear Statistical Models to Radar Location Techniques , 1974, IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems.

[95]  R. O. Schmidt,et al.  Multiple emitter location and signal Parameter estimation , 1986 .

[96]  Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis,et al.  Deployment optimization of sensornet-based stochastic location-detection systems , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[97]  H.M. Kwon,et al.  Conjugate ESPRIT (C-SPRIT) , 2003, IEEE Military Communications Conference, 2003. MILCOM 2003..

[98]  Gordon M. Crippen,et al.  Distance Geometry and Molecular Conformation , 1988 .

[99]  Kutluyil Dogançay,et al.  Geolocation by time difference of arrival using hyperbolic asymptotes , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[100]  B. G. Agee.  The copy/DF approach to signal-specific emitter location , 1991, [1991] Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers.

[101]  M. Fattouche,et al.  Line-of-sight angle of arrival estimation in the outdoor multipath environment , 1998 .

[102]  Branka Vucetic,et al.  Simulated annealing based localization in wireless sensor network , 2005, The IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks 30th Anniversary (LCN'05)l.

[103]  G.B. Giannakis,et al.  Localization via ultra-wideband radios: a look at positioning aspects for future sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[104]  Chee-Yee Chong,et al.  Sensor networks: evolution, opportunities, and challenges , 2003, Proc. IEEE.

[105]  A. Savvides,et al.  Network localization in partially localizable networks , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[106]  F. Gustafsson,et al.  Mobile positioning using wireless networks: possibilities and fundamental limitations based on available wireless network measurements , 2005, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine.

[107]  Mostafa Kaveh,et al.  Experimental Evaluation of High-Resolution Direction-Finding Algorithms Using a Calibrated Sensor Array Testbed , 1995 .

[108]  Brian D. O. Anderson,et al.  A Theory of Network Localization , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[109]  Wheeler Ruml,et al.  Improved MDS-based localization , 2004, IEEE INFOCOM 2004.

[110]  Robert Nowak,et al.  Distributed optimization in sensor networks , 2004, Third International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2004. IPSN 2004.

[111]  M. Cao,et al.  Localization with Imprecise Distance Information in Sensor Networks , 2005, Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[112]  A. S. Krishnakumar,et al.  Bayesian indoor positioning systems , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[113]  G. Carter.  Coherence and time delay estimation , 1987, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[114]  V. Padmanabhan,et al.  Enhancements to the RADAR User Location and Tracking System , 2000 .