Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years there has been a growing interest in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Recent advancements in the field of sensing, computing and communications have attracted research efforts and huge investments from various quarters in the field of WSN. Also sensing networks will reveal previously unobserved phenomena. The various areas where major research activities going on in the field of WSN are deployment, localization, synchronization, data aggregation, dissemination, database querying, architecture, middleware, security, designing less power consuming devices, abstractions and higher level algorithms for sensor specific issues. This paper provides an overview of ongoing research activities, various design issues involved and possible solutions incorporating these issues. This paper provides a cursory look at each and every topic in WSN and our main aim is to introduce a newbie to the field of WSN and make him understand the various topics of interest available for research.

[1]  Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed,et al.  A survey of middleware for sensor network and challenges , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops (ICPPW'06).

[2]  A. Warrier,et al.  Mitigating Starvation in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, MILCOM 2006 - 2006 IEEE Military Communications conference.

[3]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Sensor Networks , 2002, Encyclopedia of GIS.

[4]  Chen Changjia,et al.  A Localization Scheme with Mobile Beacon for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 6th International Conference on ITS Telecommunications.

[5]  Kay Römer,et al.  Middleware challenges for wireless sensor networks , 2002, MOCO.

[6]  Chieh-Yih Wan,et al.  Pump-slowly, fetch-quickly (PSFQ): a reliable transport protocol for sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[7]  Urs Bischoff,et al.  A State-Based Programming Model and System for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, Fifth Annual IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerComW'07).

[8]  V.S. Mansouri,et al.  A Simple Transport Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing.

[9]  David E. Culler,et al.  Calibration as parameter estimation in sensor networks , 2002, WSNA '02.

[10]  Bo Li,et al.  A survey of transport protocols for wireless sensor networks , 2006, IEEE Network.

[11]  Feng Zhao,et al.  TinyGALS: a programming model for event-driven embedded systems , 2003, SAC '03.

[12]  Kay Römer,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: a new regime for time synchronization , 2003, CCRV.

[13]  Nader Mohamed,et al.  Middleware: middleware challenges and approaches for wireless sensor networks , 2006, IEEE Distributed Systems Online.

[14]  Amit Kumar Saha,et al.  Adaptive clock synchronization in sensor networks , 2004, Third International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2004. IPSN 2004.

[15]  N. Xu A Survey of Sensor Network Applications , 2002 .

[16]  Karen Henricksen,et al.  A survey of middleware for sensor networks: state-of-the-art and future directions , 2006, MidSens '06.

[17]  Thomas F. La Porta,et al.  Data Dissemination with Ring-Based Index for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[18]  Ali Orooji,et al.  Routing Protocols for Sensor Networks , 2006, ICWN.

[19]  Ramesh Govindan,et al.  The Sensor Network as a Database , 2002 .

[20]  Yan Zhou,et al.  Overview of Power-Efficient MAC and Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 2nd IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronics and Embedded Systems and Applications.

[21]  Divyakant Agrawal,et al.  Power aware routing for sensor databases , 2005, Proceedings IEEE 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies..

[22]  Jie Liu,et al.  galsC: a language for event-driven embedded systems , 2005, Design, Automation and Test in Europe.

[23]  Pramod K. Varshney,et al.  Data-aggregation techniques in sensor networks: a survey , 2006, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[24]  Philippe Bonnet,et al.  Querying the physical world , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[25]  Liudong Xing,et al.  QoS reliability of hierarchical clustered wireless sensor networks , 2006, 2006 IEEE International Performance Computing and Communications Conference.

[26]  David E. Culler,et al.  A unifying link abstraction for wireless sensor networks , 2005, SenSys '05.

[27]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Wireless integrated network sensors , 2000, Commun. ACM.

[28]  Robert Szewczyk,et al.  System architecture directions for networked sensors , 2000, ASPLOS IX.

[29]  Leonard Kleinrock,et al.  QoS control for sensor networks , 2003, IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2003. ICC '03..

[30]  Michael J. Wynblatt,et al.  The network is the database: data management for highly distributed systems , 2001, SIGMOD '01.

[31]  R.K. Patro Localization in wireless sensor network with mobile beacons , 2004, 2004 23rd IEEE Convention of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in Israel.

[32]  Umakishore Ramachandran,et al.  Middleware Guidelines for Future Sensor Networks , 2004 .

[33]  Kay Römer,et al.  Deployment of Sensor Networks: Problems and Passive Inspection , 2007, 2007 Fifth Workshop on Intelligent Solutions in Embedded Systems.

[34]  David E. Culler,et al.  Towards a Sensor Network Architecture: Lowering the Waistline , 2005, HotOS.

[35]  Choong Seon Hong,et al.  Security in wireless sensor networks: issues and challenges , 2006, 2006 8th International Conference Advanced Communication Technology.

[36]  Rajesh K. Gupta,et al.  Programming models for sensor networks: A survey , 2008, TOSN.

[37]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  Event-to-sink reliable transport in wireless sensor networks , 2005, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[38]  Jeff Rose,et al.  MANTIS: system support for multimodAl NeTworks of in-situ sensors , 2003, WSNA '03.

[39]  Anthony Rowe,et al.  Nano-RK: an energy-aware resource-centric RTOS for sensor networks , 2005, 26th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS'05).

[40]  Nael B. Abu-Ghazaleh,et al.  A taxonomy of wireless micro-sensor network models , 2002, MOCO.

[41]  Santosh Pandey,et al.  Localization of sensor networks considering energy accuracy tradeoffs , 2005 .

[42]  P.P. Czapski A Survey: MAC Protocols For Applications Of Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, TENCON 2006 - 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference.

[43]  Daniel Minoli,et al.  Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006 .

[44]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Design and implementation of a framework for efficient and programmable sensor networks , 2003, MobiSys '03.

[45]  David E. Culler,et al.  The nesC language: A holistic approach to networked embedded systems , 2003, PLDI '03.

[46]  Pramod K. Varshney,et al.  QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey , 2004, International Conference on Wireless Networks.

[47]  Wang Chao,et al.  The Security Routing Research for WSN in the Application of Intelligent Transport System , 2006, 2006 International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation.

[48]  Polychronis Koutsakis,et al.  Improved medium access control for wireless sensor networks - a study on the S-MAC protocol , 2005, 2005 14th IEEE Workshop on Local & Metropolitan Area Networks.

[49]  D. Sridharan,et al.  Study of Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies.

[50]  Gaurav S. Sukhatme,et al.  Robomote: enabling mobility in sensor networks , 2005, IPSN 2005. Fourth International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2005..

[51]  Johannes Gehrke,et al.  Query Processing in Sensor Networks , 2003, CIDR.

[52]  Joseph M. Kahn,et al.  Wireless Communications for Smart Dust , 1998 .

[53]  Saurabh Ganeriwal,et al.  Aggregation in sensor networks: an energy-accuracy trade-off , 2003, Ad Hoc Networks.

[54]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Data-Centric Storage in Sensornets with GHT, a Geographic Hash Table , 2003, Mob. Networks Appl..

[55]  Yi Zhi Zhao,et al.  Data management for wireless sensor networks: research issues and challenges , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Control and Automation.

[56]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Directed diffusion: a scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks , 2000, MobiCom '00.

[57]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  A Collaborative Approach to In-Place Sensor Calibration , 2003, IPSN.

[58]  Depei Qian,et al.  POWER: Planning and Deployment Platform for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, 2006 Fifth International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing Workshops.

[59]  Jeff Frolik,et al.  Quality of service analysis and control for wireless sensor networks , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (IEEE Cat. No.04EX975).

[60]  Mani B. Srivastava,et al.  Dynamic fine-grained localization in Ad-Hoc networks of sensors , 2001, MobiCom '01.

[61]  Xiaobu Yuan,et al.  Exploring hierarchy architecture for wireless sensor networks management , 2006, 2006 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks.

[62]  Jianping Yin,et al.  Requirements of Quality of Service in Wireless Sensor Network , 2006, International Conference on Networking, International Conference on Systems and International Conference on Mobile Communications and Learning Technologies (ICNICONSMCL'06).

[63]  Djamel Djenouri,et al.  A survey of security issues in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks , 2005, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[64]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Protocols for self-organization of a wireless sensor network , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[65]  Fikret Sivrikaya,et al.  Time synchronization in sensor networks: a survey , 2004, IEEE Network.

[66]  D. Puccinelli,et al.  Wireless sensor networks: applications and challenges of ubiquitous sensing , 2005, IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine.

[67]  Viktor K. Prasanna,et al.  Issues in designing middleware for wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Network.

[68]  Wendi Heinzelman,et al.  Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[69]  Jin Won Kim,et al.  Embedded sensor networked operating system , 2006, Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC'06).

[70]  Yong Wang,et al.  A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks , 2006, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[71]  David Evans,et al.  Localization for mobile sensor networks , 2004, MobiCom '04.

[72]  David E. Culler,et al.  System architecture for wireless sensor networks , 2003 .

[73]  Judith Kelner,et al.  Evaluation of security mechanisms in wireless sensor networks , 2005, 2005 Systems Communications (ICW'05, ICHSN'05, ICMCS'05, SENET'05).

[74]  Mohamed F. Younis,et al.  On handling QoS traffic in wireless sensor networks , 2004, 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the.

[75]  M. Malik,et al.  Operating Systems , 1992, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[76]  P. Prasad,et al.  Localization of Sensor Networks Considering Energy Accuracy Tradeoffs , 2005, 2005 International Conference on Collaborative Computing: Networking, Applications and Worksharing.

[77]  Gregory J. Pottie,et al.  Integrated low-power communication system design for wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[78]  Wei Hong,et al.  Model-Driven Data Acquisition in Sensor Networks , 2004, VLDB.

[79]  Anantha Chandrakasan,et al.  Dynamic voltage scheduling using adaptive filtering of workload traces , 2001, VLSI Design 2001. Fourteenth International Conference on VLSI Design.

[80]  Philip Levis,et al.  Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks , 2002, ASPLOS X.

[81]  Özgür B. Akan,et al.  ESRT: event-to-sink reliable transport in wireless sensor networks , 2003, MobiHoc '03.

[82]  Miodrag Potkonjak,et al.  Model-based calibration for sensor networks , 2003, Proceedings of IEEE Sensors 2003 (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37498).

[83]  Mark G. Terwilliger,et al.  Overview of Sensor Networks , 2004 .

[84]  Wei Hong,et al.  TinyDB: an acquisitional query processing system for sensor networks , 2005, TODS.

[85]  A. Ahmed,et al.  Wired Vs Wireless Deployment Support For Wireless Sensor Networks , 2006, TENCON 2006 - 2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference.

[86]  Elaine Shi,et al.  Designing secure sensor networks , 2004, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[87]  Cem Ersoy,et al.  MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks: a survey , 2006, IEEE Communications Magazine.

[88]  K.D. Wong Physical layer considerations for wireless sensor networks , 2004, IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control, 2004.

[89]  Marcos Augusto M. Vieira,et al.  Survey on wireless sensor network devices , 2003, EFTA 2003. 2003 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. Proceedings (Cat. No.03TH8696).

[90]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 1999, DIALM '99.

[91]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[92]  Margaret Martonosi,et al.  Hardware design experiences in ZebraNet , 2004, SenSys '04.

[93]  Mani Srivastava,et al.  Overview of sensor networks , 2004 .

[94]  Ivan Stojmenovic,et al.  Routing with Guaranteed Delivery in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks , 2001, Wirel. Networks.

[95]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Networking issues in wireless sensor networks , 2003, J. Parallel Distributed Comput..

[96]  Mike Horton,et al.  The platforms enabling wireless sensor networks , 2004, CACM.

[97]  David E. Culler,et al.  The Emergence of Networking Abstractions and Techniques in TinyOS , 2004, NSDI.

[98]  Mingyan Liu,et al.  Data-gathering wireless sensor networks: organization and capacity , 2003, Comput. Networks.