Connectionist networks do not model brain function

[1]  D. Burke,et al.  Responses to passive movement of receptors in joint, skin and muscle of the human hand. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[2]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Integrable Solutions of Kinematic Redundancy via Impedance Control , 1991, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[3]  P. Rudomín,et al.  Interaction of baseline synaptic noise and Ia EPSPs: evidence for appreciable negative correlation under physiological conditions. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[4]  G. Loeb,et al.  Spinal cord circuits: are they mirrors of musculoskeletal mechanics? , 1989, Journal of motor behavior.

[5]  J. Noth,et al.  Different mechanisms underlie the long‐latency stretch reflex response of active human muscle at different joints. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[6]  B Craske,et al.  Perception of impossible limb positions induced by tendon vibration. , 1977, Science.

[7]  R. F. Thompson,et al.  Neuronal responses of the rabbit cerebellum during acquisition and performance of a classically conditioned nictitating membrane-eyelid response , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[8]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Does position sense at the elbow reflect a sense of elbow joint angle or one of limb orientation? , 1982, Brain Research.

[9]  J. V. Gisbergen,et al.  Collicular ensemble coding of saccades based on vector summation , 1987, Neuroscience.

[10]  S. Cullheim,et al.  A morphological study of the axons and recurrent axon collaterals of cat alpha‐motoneurones supplying different hind‐limb muscles. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  ERIC B. BAUM,et al.  On learning a union of half spaces , 1990, J. Complex..

[12]  P. Rudomín Presynaptic inhibition of muscle spindle and tendon organ afferents in the mammalian spinal cord , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[13]  John R. Searle,et al.  Minds, brains, and programs , 1980, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[14]  V. Chan‐Palay Cerebellar Dentate Nucleus: Organization, Cytology and Transmitters , 1977 .

[15]  T. Ebner,et al.  Changes in the responses of cerebellar nuclear neurons associated with the climbing fiber response of Purkinje cells , 1987, Brain Research.

[16]  P D Neilson,et al.  The problem of redundancy in movement control: The adaptive model theory approach , 1993, Psychological research.

[17]  B. C. Motter,et al.  The functional properties of the light-sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex studied in waking monkeys: foveal sparing and opponent vector organization , 1981, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[18]  K. J. Quinn,et al.  Accessory abducens nucleus and conditioned eye retraction/nictitating membrane extension in rabbit , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[19]  E. Fetz,et al.  Postspike facilitation of forelimb muscle activity by primate corticomotoneuronal cells. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[20]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Effects of related sensory inputs on motor performances in man studied through changes in perceived heaviness , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[21]  S. Grossberg Neural Networks and Natural Intelligence , 1988 .

[22]  Jerome A. Feldman,et al.  Connectionist Models and Their Properties , 1982, Cogn. Sci..

[23]  R. Stein,et al.  Microneurography for the recording and selective stimulation of afferents: An assessment , 1988, Muscle & nerve.

[24]  Y. Lamarre,et al.  Activity of dentate neurons during arm movements triggered by visual, auditory, and somesthetic stimuli in the monkey. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[25]  S. Gandevia Illusory movements produced by electrical stimulation of low-threshold muscle afferents from the hand. , 1985, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[26]  H. Skinner,et al.  Effect of articular disease and total knee arthroplasty on knee joint-position sense. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[27]  M. Clare,et al.  FUSIMOTOR FUNCTION. V. REFLEX REINFORCEMENT UNDER FUSIMOTOR BLOCK IN NORMAL SUBJECTS. , 1964, Archives of neurology.

[28]  D. McCloskey,et al.  The role of joint receptors in human kinaesthesia when intramuscular receptors cannot contribute. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[29]  S. Keele,et al.  Timing Functions of The Cerebellum , 1989, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[30]  Gerrit Jan VAN INGEN SCHENAU,et al.  From rotation to translation: Constraints on multi-joint movements and the unique action of bi-articular muscles , 1989 .

[31]  M. Latash,et al.  An equilibrium-point model for fast, single-joint movement: I. Emergence of strategy-dependent EMG patterns. , 1991, Journal of motor behavior.

[32]  John F. Kalaska,et al.  Reaching movements to visual targets: neuronal representations of sensori-motor transformations , 1991 .

[33]  T. M. Hamm,et al.  Recurrent inhibition to and from motoneurons innervating the flexor digitorum and flexor hallucis longus muscles of the cat. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[34]  Francis Crick,et al.  The recent excitement about neural networks , 1989, Nature.

[35]  Brooke Jd,et al.  Effect of knee joint angle on a heteronymous Ib reflex in the human lower limb. , 1989 .

[36]  V. Dietz,et al.  Interlimb coordination of leg-muscle activation during perturbation of stance in humans. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[37]  D. Burke,et al.  The responses of human muscle spindle endings to vibration of non‐contracting muscles. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[38]  Peter H. Greene,et al.  Problems of Organization of Motor Systems , 1972 .

[39]  C. Gorenstein,et al.  Neuronal localization of pseudocholinesterase in the rat cerebellum: sagittal bands of Purkinje cells in the nodulus and uvula , 1987, Brain Research.

[40]  D. Burke,et al.  The projection of muscle afferents from the hand to cerebral cortex in man. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[41]  M. Carpenter,et al.  Projections of the globus pallidus and adjacent structures: An autoradiographic study in the monkey , 1976, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[42]  G. Eklund Position sense and state of contraction; the effects of vibration , 1972 .

[43]  P. Strata The Olivocerebellar system in motor control , 1989 .

[44]  S. T. Kitai,et al.  Single neostriatal efferent axons in the globus pallidus: a light and electron microscopic study. , 1981, Science.

[45]  K. Leibovic Information Processing in The Nervous System , 1969, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[46]  J Paillard,et al.  A proprioceptive contribution to the spatial encoding of position cues for ballistic movements. , 1974, Brain research.

[47]  T. Sinkjaer,et al.  Muscle stiffness in human ankle dorsiflexors: intrinsic and reflex components. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[48]  D. Guitton,et al.  Gaze control in humans: eye-head coordination during orienting movements to targets within and beyond the oculomotor range. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[49]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions. , 1990, Progress in brain research.

[50]  J F Soechting,et al.  Parcellation of sensorimotor transformations for arm movements , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[51]  J. M. Warren,et al.  THE FRONTAL GRANULAR CORTEX AND BEHAVIOR , 1964 .

[52]  T. Powell,et al.  An anatomical study of converging sensory pathways within the cerebral cortex of the monkey. , 1970, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[53]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Strategies for the control of voluntary movements with one mechanical degree of freedom , 1989, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[54]  D. Pandya,et al.  Intrinsic connections and architectonics of posterior parietal cortex in the rhesus monkey , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[55]  A. Riehle,et al.  A critical re-examination of the concept of function within the neocortex of the monkey , 1992 .

[56]  R. Llinás,et al.  The Cerebellum Revisited , 1992, Springer US.

[57]  R. Hawkes,et al.  The modular cerebellum , 1991, Progress in Neurobiology.

[58]  U. Neisser Cognition and reality: principles and implications , 1976 .

[59]  J. Driver,et al.  Can Visual Neglect Operate in Object-centred Co-ordinates? An Affirmative Single-case Study , 1991 .

[60]  P. Matthews Where does Sherrington's "muscular sense" originate? Muscles, joints, corollary discharges? , 1982, Annual review of neuroscience.

[61]  W. T. Thach Correlation of neural discharge with pattern and force of muscular activity, joint position, and direction of intended next movement in motor cortex and cerebellum. , 1978, Journal of neurophysiology.

[62]  K. R. Weiss,et al.  The command neuron concept , 1978, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[63]  K. Pribram,et al.  The role of frontal and parietal cortex in cognitive processing: tests of spatial and sequence functions. , 1978, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[64]  J. Bower,et al.  Variability in tactile projection patterns to cerebellar folia crus IIa of the norway rat , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[65]  L. Wilkins,et al.  The Basal Ganglia and Their Relation to Disorders of Movement , 1963, Neurology.

[66]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Estimation of weights and tensions and apparent involvement of a "sense of effort". , 1974, Experimental neurology.

[67]  W. Rymer,et al.  Neural compensation for muscular fatigue: evidence for significant force regulation in man. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[68]  L. Jakobson,et al.  A kinematic analysis of reaching and grasping movements in a patient recovering from optic ataxia , 1991, Neuropsychologia.

[69]  M. Kimura The role of primate putamen neurons in the association of sensory stimuli with movement , 1986, Neuroscience Research.

[70]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[71]  R. Stein,et al.  H-Reflex Modulation During Walking in Spastic Paretic Subjects , 1991, Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.

[72]  J. Jenner,et al.  Cutaneous reflex responses and their central nervous pathways studied in man , 1982, The Journal of physiology.

[73]  J. V. Santen,et al.  How many parameters can a model have and still be testable , 1985 .

[74]  J. L. Taylor,et al.  Triggering of preprogrammed movements as reactions to masked stimuli. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[75]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Intracellular application of horseradish peroxidase and its light and electron microscopical appearance in spinocervical tract cells , 1976, Brain Research.

[76]  J. Bloedel,et al.  Functional relationship among neurons of the cerebellar cortex in the absence of anesthesia. , 1969, Journal of neurophysiology.

[77]  C. Bruce,et al.  Primate frontal eye fields. I. Single neurons discharging before saccades. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[78]  R. Lahue,et al.  Methods in Neurobiology , 1981, Springer US.

[79]  B. Rockstroh,et al.  The cerebellum contributes to mental skills. , 1989 .

[80]  H. Heuer,et al.  Motor behavior : programming, control, and acquisition , 1985 .

[81]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  Parietal lobe mechanisms for directed visual attention. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[82]  Jack M. Winters,et al.  Multiple Muscle Systems , 1990, Springer New York.

[83]  S. Udin,et al.  Restoration of the plasticity of binocular maps by NMDA after the critical period in Xenopus. , 1990, Science.

[84]  A. Prochazka Proprioception during voluntary movement. , 1986, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[85]  L. Fogassi,et al.  Eye position effects on visual, memory, and saccade-related activity in areas LIP and 7a of macaque , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[86]  J. Sanes,et al.  Effects of perturbations on accuracy of arm movements , 1983, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[87]  F. Horak,et al.  Central programming of postural movements: adaptation to altered support-surface configurations. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[88]  P. H. Greene,et al.  Why is it easy to control your arms ? , 1982, Journal of motor behavior.

[89]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Human arm trajectory formation. , 1982, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[90]  N. Leclerc,et al.  Antigenic map of the rat cerebellar cortex: The distribution of parasagittal bands as revealed by monoclonal anti‐purkinje cell antibody mabQ113 , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[91]  Ichiro Tsuda,et al.  Dynamic link of memory--Chaotic memory map in nonequilibrium neural networks , 1992, Neural Networks.

[92]  G. Somjen Integration in the nervous system , 1981 .

[93]  M. Husain,et al.  Rezsö Bálint and his most celebrated case. , 1988, Archives of neurology.

[94]  W. Ferrell The effect of acute joint distension on mechanoreceptor discharge in the knee of the cat. , 1987, Quarterly journal of experimental physiology.

[95]  B L Day,et al.  Accurate repositioning of the human thumb against unpredictable dynamic loads is dependent upon peripheral feed‐back , 1982, The Journal of physiology.

[96]  P. Suppes,et al.  Contemporary Developments in Mathematical Psychology , 1976 .

[97]  P. Zangger,et al.  ‘Fusimotor set’: new evidence for α-independent control of γ-motoneurones during movement in the awake cat , 1985, Brain Research.

[98]  Bernard Widrow,et al.  Adaptive Signal Processing , 1985 .

[99]  Terrence J. Sejnowski,et al.  Network model of shape-from-shading: neural function arises from both receptive and projective fields , 1988, Nature.

[100]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  Excitatory and inhibitory processes acting upon individual Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in cats , 1956, The Journal of physiology.

[101]  A. L. Leiner,et al.  Does the cerebellum contribute to mental skills? , 1986, Behavioral neuroscience.

[102]  R Linsker,et al.  Perceptual neural organization: some approaches based on network models and information theory. , 1990, Annual review of neuroscience.

[103]  V. Brooks,et al.  Recurrent inhibition in the cat's spinal cord , 1959, The Journal of physiology.

[104]  S G Lisberger,et al.  The neural basis for learning of simple motor skills. , 1988, Science.

[105]  M. Jeannerod The neural and behavioural organization of goal-directed movements , 1990, Psychological Medicine.

[106]  T. Flash,et al.  The coordination of arm movements: an experimentally confirmed mathematical model , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[107]  A. Aloisi,et al.  Response of hip joint afferent fibers to pressure and vibration in the cat , 1988, Neuroscience Letters.

[108]  J. Hyvärinen,et al.  Function of the parietal associative area 7 as revealed from cellular discharges in alert monkeys. , 1974, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[109]  Yu Sato,et al.  Afferent projections from the brainstem to the three floccular zones in cats. II. Mossy fiber projections , 1983, Brain Research.

[110]  M. Schieber How might the motor cortex individuate movements? , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[111]  E. Bisiach,et al.  Two basic properties of space representation in the brain: evidence from unilateral neglect. , 1985, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[112]  I. Moorhead,et al.  An Investigation of Trained Neural Networks from a Neurophysiological Perspective , 1989, Perception.

[113]  D. Robinson,et al.  Integrating with neurons. , 1989, Annual review of neuroscience.

[114]  M. Nagaoka,et al.  Analysis of cerebellar motor disorders by visually-guided elbow tracking movement. 2. Contribution of the visual cues on slow ramp pursuit. , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[115]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Posture control and trajectory formation during arm movement , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[116]  M. Hulliger,et al.  After-effects of fusimotor stimulation on spindle la afferents' dynamic sensitivity, revealed during slow movements , 1982, Brain Research.

[117]  M. Schieppati,et al.  Short‐latency inhibition of soleus motoneurones by impulses in Ia afferents from the gastrocnemius muscle in humans. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[118]  Elliot Saltzman,et al.  Levels of sensorimotor representation , 1979 .

[119]  G E Alexander,et al.  Movement-related neuronal activity selectively coding either direction or muscle pattern in three motor areas of the monkey. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[120]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Role of the human fusimotor system in a motor adaptation task. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[121]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Proprioceptive sensation at the terminal joint of the middle finger. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[122]  P. Strick The influence of motor preparation on the response of cerebellar neurons to limb displacements , 1983, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[123]  E. Marchetti-Gauthier,et al.  Effects of bilateral lesions of the cerebellar interpositus nucleus on the conditioned forelimb flexion reflex in mice , 1990, Neuroscience Letters.

[124]  D. Crammond,et al.  Neuronal correlates in posterior parietal lobe of the expectation of events , 1987, Behavioural Brain Research.

[125]  R. Malenka,et al.  Velocity-dependent suppression of cutaneous sensitivity during movement , 1982, Experimental Neurology.

[126]  D. Burke,et al.  Voluntary activation of human motor axons in the absence of muscle afferent feedback. The control of the deafferented hand. , 1990, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[127]  J. Deniau,et al.  Disinhibition as a basic process in the expression of striatal functions. II. The striato-nigral influence on thalamocortical cells of the ventromedial thalamic nucleus , 1985, Brain Research.

[128]  E. A. Schafer TEXT‐BOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY , 1902 .

[129]  R. P. Mackay Toward a Neurology of Behavior , 1954, Neurology.

[130]  W. Ferrell,et al.  Position sense at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the human index finger. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[131]  W A Lee,et al.  Mechanical and cognitive constraints on standing influence postural adjustments and maximal forces during pulling , 1987 .

[132]  W. Chambers,et al.  Functional localization in the cerebellum. II. Somatotopic organization in cortex and nuclei. , 1955, A.M.A. archives of neurology and psychiatry.

[133]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Discharges of single hindlimb afferents in the freely moving cat. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[134]  Ronald J. Williams,et al.  A Learning Algorithm for Continually Running Fully Recurrent Neural Networks , 1989, Neural Computation.

[135]  W. Newsome,et al.  A selective impairment of motion perception following lesions of the middle temporal visual area (MT) , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[136]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Pattern of propriospinal‐like excitation to different species of human upper limb motoneurones. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[137]  G. P. Moore,et al.  Statistical signs of synaptic interaction in neurons. , 1970, Biophysical journal.

[138]  J. Massion,et al.  Stance and Motion: Facts and Concepts , 1989 .

[139]  C. Bruce,et al.  Cerebral cortical activity associated with the orientation of visual attention in the rhesus monkey , 1985, Vision Research.

[140]  P. Rack,et al.  The short range stiffness of active mammalian muscle and its effect on mechanical properties , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[141]  L. Jones Motor Illusions: What Do They Reveal About Proprioception? , 1988 .

[142]  Neville Hogan,et al.  On the stability of manipulators performing contact tasks , 1988, IEEE J. Robotics Autom..

[143]  R. Schmidt A schema theory of discrete motor skill learning. , 1975 .

[144]  J. V. Gisbergen,et al.  Scatter in the metrics of saccades and properties of the collicular motor map , 1989, Vision Research.

[145]  S. Gandevia,et al.  Changes in perceived heaviness and motor commands produced by cutaneous reflexes in man. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[146]  K. Sathian,et al.  Receptors of the metacarpophalangeal joints: a histological study in the bonnet monkey and man. , 1983, Journal of anatomy.

[147]  K. An,et al.  Physiological considerations of muscle force through the elbow joint. , 1989, Journal of biomechanics.

[148]  C. Capaday,et al.  Difference in the amplitude of the human soleus H reflex during walking and running. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[149]  M. Hallett,et al.  Physiological analysis of simple rapid movements in patients with cerebellar deficits. , 1991, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[150]  M. Delong,et al.  Activity of identified wrist-related pallidal neurons during step and ramp wrist movements in the monkey. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[151]  V. Brooks The Neural Basis of Motor Control , 1986 .

[152]  Z. Pylyshyn The role of location indexes in spatial perception: A sketch of the FINST spatial-index model , 1989, Cognition.

[153]  P. Brotchie,et al.  Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 2. Cognitive aspects of movement and phasic neuronal activity. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[154]  P. Strick,et al.  Frontal lobe inputs to primate motor cortex: evidence for four somatotopically organized ‘premotor’ areas , 1979, Brain Research.

[155]  A. Riehle Visually induced signal-locked neuronal activity changes in precentral motor areas of the monkey: hierarchical progression of signal processing , 1991, Brain Research.

[156]  E. Bisiach,et al.  Remission of hemineglect and anosognosia during vestibular stimulation , 1987, Neuropsychologia.

[157]  B. Holmqvist,et al.  Differential supraspinal control of synaptic actions evoked by volleys in the flexion reflex afferents in alpha motoneurones. , 1961, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[158]  John H. R. Maunsell,et al.  Visual processing in monkey extrastriate cortex. , 1987, Annual review of neuroscience.

[159]  C. Sherrington Integrative Action of the Nervous System , 1907 .

[160]  R. Griffiths,et al.  Roles of muscle activity and load on the relationship between muscle spindle length and whole muscle length in the freely walking cat. , 1989, Progress in brain research.

[161]  B J Richmond,et al.  Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate primary visual cortex. II. Information transmission. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[162]  S. Miller,et al.  Reflex influences on muscle spindle activity in relaxed human leg muscles. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[163]  J. Dean Effect of load on leg movement and step coordination of the stick insect Carausius morosus , 1991 .

[164]  J. Houk,et al.  Inferior olivary neurons in the awake cat: detection of contact and passive body displacement. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[165]  G. Holmes THE SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE CEREBELLAR INJURIES DUE TO GUNSHOT INJURIES , 1917 .

[166]  A. Lundberg,et al.  The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord. 6. Half-centre organization of interneurones transmitting effects from the flexor reflex afferents. , 1967, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[167]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Response profiles of human muscle afferents during active finger movements. , 1990, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[168]  M. Mesulam A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect , 1981, Annals of neurology.

[169]  M. Dahhaoui,et al.  Cerebellum and memory: An experimental study in the rat using a passive avoidance conditioning test , 1991, Physiology & Behavior.

[170]  P. Rakic Mechanism of ocular dominance segregation in the lateral geniculate nucleus: competitive elimination hypothesis , 1986, Trends in Neurosciences.

[171]  H. Cruse Which Parameters Control the Leg Movement of a Walking Insect?: I. Velocity Control during the Stance Phase , 1985 .

[172]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Kinematic strategies and sensorimotor transformations in the wiping movements of frogs. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[173]  R. Llinás,et al.  Electrophysiology of guinea‐pig cerebellar nuclear cells in the in vitro brain stem‐cerebellar preparation. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[174]  Terrence J. Sejnowski,et al.  A Dynamic Neural Network Model of Sensorimotor Transformations in the Leech , 1990, Neural Computation.

[175]  J. Welsh,et al.  Cerebellar lesions and the nictitating membrane reflex: performance deficits of the conditioned and unconditioned response , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[176]  J. Billard,et al.  The red nucleus activity in rats deprived of the inferior olivary complex , 1988, Behavioural Brain Research.

[177]  C. Atkeson,et al.  Learning arm kinematics and dynamics. , 1989, Annual review of neuroscience.

[178]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Somatosensory, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves. , 1979, Physiological reviews.

[179]  M. Sur,et al.  A map of visual space induced in primary auditory cortex. , 1990, Science.

[180]  A. Hill,et al.  The Dynamics of Muscular Contraction , 1924 .

[181]  V. Chan‐Palay,et al.  A golgi analysis of neuronal organization in the medial cerebellar nucleus of the rat , 1979, Neuroscience.

[182]  John G. Proakis,et al.  Introduction to Digital Signal Processing , 1988 .

[183]  F. Richmond,et al.  Control of head movement , 1988 .

[184]  R. Lemon,et al.  Variety of functional organization within the monkey motor cortex , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[185]  T. M. Hamm,et al.  Recurrent collaterals of motoneurons projecting to distal muscles in the cat hindlimb. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[186]  M. Swash,et al.  The Motor Cortex , 1990 .

[187]  D. P. Lloyd Integrative pattern of excitation and inhibition in two-neuron reflex arcs. , 1946, Journal of neurophysiology.

[188]  R. Porter,et al.  Cells of origin and terminal distrubution of corticostriatal fibers arising in the sensory‐motor cortex of monkeys , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[189]  Masao Ito The Cerebellum And Neural Control , 1984 .

[190]  R. Gregory,et al.  Evolution of the Eye and Visual System , 1991 .

[191]  Richard B. Stein,et al.  What muscle variable(s) does the nervous system control in limb movements? , 1982, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[192]  Y. Shinoda,et al.  Multiple axon collaterals of single corticospinal axons in the cat spinal cord. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[193]  J. Rawson,et al.  Corticofugal action on transmission of group I input from the hindlimb to the pericruciate cortex in the cat. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[194]  M. B. Bender,et al.  Mislocalization in visual space. With reference to the midline at the boundary of a homonymous hemianopia. , 1972, Archives of neurology.

[195]  M. Ahissar,et al.  Encoding of sound-source location and movement: activity of single neurons and interactions between adjacent neurons in the monkey auditory cortex. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[196]  E. Fetz,et al.  Control of forelimb muscle activity by populations of corticomotoneuronal and rubromotoneuronal cells. , 1989, Progress in brain research.

[197]  S. Gandevia Roles for perceived voluntary motor commands in motor control , 1987, Trends in Neurosciences.

[198]  J. Fodor The Modularity of mind. An essay on faculty psychology , 1986 .

[199]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Controlling multijoint motor behavior. , 1987, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[200]  R. Granit The basis of motor control , 1970 .

[201]  R. Lemon,et al.  Cross-correlation reveals facilitation of single motor units in thenar muscles by single corticospinal neurones in the conscious monkey , 1987, Neuroscience Letters.

[202]  L. Optican,et al.  Cerebellar-dependent adaptive control of primate saccadic system. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[203]  R. Shepard,et al.  Mental Images and Their Transformations , 1982 .

[204]  T. Bando,et al.  Disjunctive eye movement evoked by microstimulation in an extrastriate cortical area of the cat , 1991, Neuroscience Research.

[205]  R. Llinás,et al.  The Functional Organization of the Olivo‐Cerebellar System as Examined by Multiple Purkinje Cell Recordings , 1989, The European journal of neuroscience.

[206]  C. Gielen,et al.  Long‐latency stretch reflexes as co‐ordinated functional responses in man. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[207]  P. Stein,et al.  Cutaneous stimulation evokes long-lasting excitation of spinal interneurons in the turtle. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[208]  M. Hallett,et al.  Failure to confirm a correlation between electromyogram and final position. , 1985, Human neurobiology.

[209]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Brainstem and spinal projections of the deep cerebellar nuclei in the monkey, with observations on the brainstem projections of the dorsal column nuclei , 1983, Brain Research Reviews.

[210]  T. Poggio A theory of how the brain might work. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[211]  Karl M. Newell,et al.  Variability and Motor Control , 1993 .

[212]  E. W. Kairiss,et al.  Hebbian synapses: biophysical mechanisms and algorithms. , 1990, Annual review of neuroscience.

[213]  A. Pellionisz,et al.  Tensor network theory of the metaorganization of functional geometries in the central nervous system , 1985, Neuroscience.

[214]  D. Burke The activity of human muscle spindle endings in normal motor behavior. , 1981, International review of physiology.

[215]  D. Marr A theory of cerebellar cortex , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[216]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Morphology of midlumbar interneurones relaying information from group II muscle afferents in the cat spinal cord , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[217]  D. Robinson,et al.  The vestibulo‐ocular reflex during human saccadic eye movements. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[218]  J. Petit,et al.  Effects of muscle shortening on the responses of cat tendon organs to unfused contractions. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[219]  P. Ellaway,et al.  A comparison of the recurrent inhibition of alpha‐ and gamma‐motoneurones in the cat. , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[220]  C. Marsden,et al.  The function of the antagonist muscle during fast limb movements in man. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[221]  C. Marsden The mysterious motor function of the basal ganglia , 1982, Neurology.

[222]  R. F. Thompson,et al.  Classical conditioning in rabbits using pontine nucleus stimulation as a conditioned stimulus and inferior olive stimulation as an unconditioned stimulus , 1989, Synapse.

[223]  Mitsuo Kawato,et al.  Adaptation and learning in control of voluntary movement by the central nervous system , 1988, Adv. Robotics.

[224]  A. Hill The heat of shortening and the dynamic constants of muscle , 1938 .

[225]  T. Vilis,et al.  Loss of set in muscle responses to limb perturbations during cerebellar dysfunction. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[226]  Stephen Grossberg,et al.  Neuromuscular realization of planned arm movement trajectories , 1988, Neural Networks.

[227]  V. Dietz,et al.  Task-dependent gating of somatosensory transmission in two different motor tasks in man: Falling and writing , 1987, Neuroscience Letters.

[228]  G. J. van Ingen Schenau,et al.  The constrained control of force and position in multi-joint movements , 1992, Neuroscience.

[229]  H. Forssberg,et al.  BASIC CO‐ORDINATION OF MANIPULATIVE FORCES OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY , 1991, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[230]  W. Precht,et al.  Blockage of caudate-evoked inhibition of neurons in the substantia nigra by picrotoxin. , 1971, Brain research.

[231]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Convergence of descending and various peripheral inputs onto common propriospinal‐like neurones in man. , 1992, The Journal of physiology.

[232]  E. Loeb,et al.  Apparent approximations in sensorimotor transformations are due to errors in pointing , 1992, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[233]  G. Ratcliff,et al.  Defective visual localization in focal brain wounds. , 1972, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[234]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Characteristics of motor programs underlying arm movements in monkeys. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[235]  V. Braitenberg The cerebellum revisited , 1983 .

[236]  S. Freedman The Neuropsychology of spatially oriented behavior , 1968 .

[237]  J. Eich A composite holographic associative recall model. , 1982 .

[238]  R. R. Carter,et al.  Stiffness regulation by reflex action in the normal human hand. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[239]  G. Edelman,et al.  Signal and sense : local and global order in perceptual maps , 1990 .

[240]  M. Kimura Behaviorally contingent property of movement-related activity of the primate putamen. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[241]  T. Horgan,et al.  Connectionism and the Philosophy of Mind , 1991 .

[242]  D A Robinson,et al.  The use of control systems analysis in the neurophysiology of eye movements. , 1981, Annual review of neuroscience.

[243]  K. F. Schroeder,et al.  [Morphometrical-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidum and subthalamic nucleus]. , 1975, Journal fur Hirnforschung.

[244]  T. Flash,et al.  Arm Trajectory Modifications During Reaching Towards Visual Targets , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[245]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Muscle spindle discharge in normal and obstructed movements. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[246]  J. Petit,et al.  Changes in muscle stiffness produced by motor units of different types in peroneus longus muscle of cat. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[247]  F. Emonet-Dénand,et al.  Effects of stretch on dynamic fusimotor after‐effects in cat muscle spindles. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[248]  D. Cogan OPHTHALMIC MANIFESTATIONS OF BILATERAL NON-OCCIPITAL CEREBRAL LESIONS* , 1965, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[249]  G. W. Strong,et al.  A solution to the tag-assignment problem for neural networks , 1989, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[250]  H. Hultborn,et al.  Relative contribution from different nerves to recurrent depression of Ia IPSPs in motoneurones , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[251]  Asatrian Dg,et al.  On the functional structure of the nervous system during movement control or preservation of a stationary posture. I. Mechanographic analysis of the action of a joint during the performance of a postural task , 1965 .

[252]  Douglas G. Stuart,et al.  Neural Control of Locomotion , 1976, Advances in Behavioral Biology.

[253]  T. Ebner,et al.  Climbing fiber afferent modulation during a visually guided, multi-joint arm movement in the monkey , 1987, Brain Research.

[254]  G. Bonin,et al.  The neocortex of Macaca mulatta , 1947 .

[255]  R. Granit,et al.  Surplus excitation in reflex action of motoneurones as measured by recurrent inhibition , 1960, The Journal of physiology.

[256]  V. Gurfinkel,et al.  Postural reactions to the controlled sinusoidal displacement of the supporting platform. , 1976, Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression.

[257]  G. Goldberg Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypotheses , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[258]  R. Lemon,et al.  The involvement of monkey premotor cortex neurones in preparation of visually cued arm movements , 1985, Behavioural Brain Research.

[259]  R. Manor,et al.  Loss of accommodation produced by peristriate lesion in man? , 1988, Journal of clinical neuro-ophthalmology.

[260]  P. Matthews Long‐latency stretch reflexes of two intrinsic muscles of the human hand analysed by cooling the arm. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[261]  J. Stein Vision and visual dyslexia , 1991 .

[262]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Gating of the afferent volley of the monosynaptic stretch reflex during movement in man. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[263]  J R Duhamel,et al.  The updating of the representation of visual space in parietal cortex by intended eye movements. , 1992, Science.

[264]  A. G. Feldman Superposition of motor programs—I. Rhythmic forearm movements in man , 1980, Neuroscience.

[265]  D. McCloskey Differences between the senses of movement and position shown by the effects of loading and vibration of muscles in man. , 1973, Brain research.

[266]  A. Beuter,et al.  Transient dynamics in motor control of patients with Parkinson's disease. , 1991, Chaos.

[267]  C. Marsden,et al.  Automatic and ‘voluntary’ responses compensating for disturbances of human thumb movements , 1982, Brain Research.

[268]  R. Griffiths Ultrasound transit time gives direct measurement of muscle fibre length in vivo , 1987, Journal of Neuroscience Methods.

[269]  P. Grobstein The Brain Machine: The Development of Neurophysiological Thought , 1986 .

[270]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Tendon organ discharge during voluntary movements in cats. , 1980, The Journal of physiology.

[271]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Slowly adapting receptors in cat knee joint: can they signal joint angle? , 1975, Journal of neurophysiology.

[272]  A. Georgopoulos Higher order motor control. , 1991, Annual review of neuroscience.

[273]  J. Millar Joint afferent fibres responding to muscle stretch, vibration and contraction. , 1973, Brain research.

[274]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Repetitive microstimulation alters the cortical representation of movements in adult rats. , 1990, Somatosensory & motor research.

[275]  H. Diener,et al.  Control of isometric finger force in patients with cerebellar disease. , 1988, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[276]  P. Harrison,et al.  Organization of input to the interneurones mediating group I non‐reciprocal inhibition of motoneurones in the cat. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[277]  M. Brazier,et al.  Brain and Behavior : Research in Clinical Neuropsychology , 2017 .

[278]  H. Künzle Bilateral projections from precentral motor cortex to the putamen and other parts of the basal ganglia. An autoradiographic study inMacaca fascicularis , 1975, Brain Research.

[279]  B. Alstermark,et al.  Motor recovery after serial spinal cord lesions of defined descending pathways in cats , 1987, Neuroscience Research.

[280]  J. Cooke The role of stretch reflexes during active movements , 1980, Brain Research.

[281]  J. Rothwell,et al.  Gating of somatosensory evoked potentials during different kinds of movement in man. , 1981, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[282]  J. Bloedel,et al.  Substrates for Motor Learning Does the Cerebellum Do It All? a , 1991, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[283]  M. Dawson,et al.  The how and why of what went where in apparent motion: modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem. , 1991, Psychological review.

[284]  H E Ross,et al.  Adaptation to weight transformation in water. , 1972, Ergonomics.

[285]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Control and Coordination of Voluntary Arm Movements , 1982, 1982 American Control Conference.

[286]  V. Dietz,et al.  Reflex activity and muscle tone during elbow movements in patients with spastic paresis , 1991, Annals of neurology.

[287]  B. Libet Unconscious cerebral initiative and the role of conscious will in voluntary action , 1985, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[288]  D. Burke,et al.  In-parallel and in-series behavior of human muscle spindle endings. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[289]  M. Wiesendanger,et al.  Ascending pathway of low-threshold muscle afferents to the cerebral cortex and its possible role in motor control. , 1982, Physiological reviews.

[290]  G. Loeb Finding common groud between robotics and physiology , 1983, Trends in Neurosciences.

[291]  J. Smith,et al.  Adaptive control for backward quadrupedal walking. II. Hindlimb muscle synergies. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[292]  J. Summers Approaches to the study of motor control and learning , 1992 .

[293]  J. Penney,et al.  The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders , 1989, Trends in Neurosciences.

[294]  J. McKenzie,et al.  The Basal ganglia : structure and function , 1984 .

[295]  P. Harrison,et al.  Lamina VIII interneurones interposed in crossed reflex pathways in the cat. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[296]  A. G. Feldman,et al.  The influence of different descending systems on the tonic stretch reflex in the cat. , 1972, Experimental neurology.

[297]  J. Voogd,et al.  The parasagittal zonation within the olivocerebellar projection. I. Climbing fiber distribution in the vermis of cat cerebellum , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[298]  A. Pellionisz,et al.  Brain modeling by tensor network theory and computer simulation. The cerebellum: Distributed processor for predictive coordination , 1979, Neuroscience.

[299]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Motor-space coding in the central nervous system. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[300]  B. Libet,et al.  Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential). The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. , 1983 .

[301]  A. Lindsay,et al.  Distribution of effective synaptic currents underlying recurrent inhibition in cat triceps surae motoneurons. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[302]  J. Ewert Advances in vertebrate neuroethology , 1982, Trends in Neurosciences.

[303]  P. Matthews The dependence of tension upon extension in the stretch reflex of the soleus muscle of the decerebrate cat , 1959, The Journal of physiology.

[304]  D. Meyer,et al.  Temporal properties of human information processing: Tests of discrete versus continuous models , 1985, Cognitive Psychology.

[305]  R. Andersen,et al.  The influence of the angle of gaze upon the excitability of the light- sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex , 1983, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[306]  T. Sears,et al.  The detection of monosynaptic connexions from inspiratory bulbospinal neurones to inspiratory motoneurones in the cat. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[307]  J. Rawson,et al.  Pathway to the cerebral cortex for impulses from tendon organs in the cat's hind limb. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[308]  S. Haykin,et al.  Adaptive Filter Theory , 1986 .

[309]  M. Hallett,et al.  A physiological mechanism of bradykinesia. , 1980, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[310]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Position sense following surgical removal of joints in man. , 1973, Brain research.

[311]  N. A. Bemstein The problem of interrelation between coordination and localization , 1935 .

[312]  S. Andreassen,et al.  Regulation of soleus muscle stiffness in premammillary cats: intrinsic and reflex components. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[313]  D. A. Grant,et al.  Learning and performance on a key-pressing task as function of the degree of spatial stimulus-response correspondence. , 1955, Journal of experimental psychology.

[314]  S. Rossignol,et al.  Neural Control of Rhythmic Movements in Vertebrates , 1988 .

[315]  C. Pratt,et al.  Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[316]  B. Alstermark,et al.  The inhibitory feedback pathway from the forelimb to C3–C4 propriospinal neurones investigated with natural stimulation , 1986, Neuroscience Research.

[317]  V. J. Wilson,et al.  Mammalian Vestibular Physiology , 1979, Springer US.

[318]  P. Karanjia,et al.  Passive joint position sense after total hip replacement surgery , 1983, Annals of neurology.

[319]  F. Crick Function of the thalamic reticular complex: the searchlight hypothesis. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[320]  D. Benson,et al.  Visual form agnosia. A specific defect in visual discrimination. , 1969, Archives of neurology.

[321]  Juhani Hyva¨rinen Regional distribution of functions in parietal association area 7 of the monkey , 1981, Brain Research.

[322]  R. Tomlinson Combined eye-head gaze shifts in the primate. III. Contributions to the accuracy of gaze saccades. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[323]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Neural, mechanical, and geometric factors subserving arm posture in humans , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[324]  F. Mussa-Ivaldi,et al.  Do neurons in the motor cortex encode movement direction? An alternative hypothesis , 1988, Neuroscience Letters.

[325]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Detections of movements imposed on finger, elbow and shoulder joints. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[326]  Y. Fukami,et al.  Responses of isolated Golgi tendon organs of the cat. , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[327]  Ove Franzén,et al.  Information Processing in the Somatosensory System , 1991 .

[328]  M. Posner Chronometric explorations of mind : the third Paul M. Fitts lectures, delivered at the University of Michigan, September 1976 , 1978 .

[329]  S. Bressler,et al.  Event-related covariances during a bimanual visuomotor task. II. Preparation and feedback. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[330]  B. Edin,et al.  Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[331]  D. Munoz,et al.  Gaze control in the cat: studies and modeling of the coupling between orienting eye and head movements in different behavioral tasks. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[332]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Sensations of heaviness. , 1977, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[333]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Proprioception with the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger. Evidence for a movement sense without a static-position sense. , 1986, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[334]  H. Beppu,et al.  Analysis of cerebellar motor disorders by visually guided elbow tracking movement. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[335]  Lawrence Birnbaum,et al.  Machine learning : proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop (ML91) , 1991 .

[336]  C. Gross Contribution of striate cortex and the superior colliculus to visual function in area MT, the superior temporal polysensory area and inferior temporal cortex , 1991, Neuropsychologia.

[337]  Geoffrey E. Hinton Preface to the Special Issue on Connectionist Symbol Processing , 1990 .

[338]  J. Yokota,et al.  Divergent projection of individual corticospinal axons to motoneurons of multiple muscles in the monkey , 1981, Neuroscience Letters.

[339]  P. Bach-y-Rita,et al.  Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications , 1976 .

[340]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Impedance Control: An Approach to Manipulation: Part I—Theory , 1985 .

[341]  D. G. Lawrence,et al.  The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey. II. The effects of lesions of the descending brain-stem pathways. , 1968, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[342]  D. Rosenbaum Human movement initiation: specification of arm, direction, and extent. , 1980, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[343]  A. Nambu,et al.  Discharge patterns of pallidal neurons with input from various cortical areas during movement in the monkey , 1990, Brain Research.

[344]  E. Jankowska,et al.  An interneuronal relay for group I and II muscle afferents in the midlumbar segments of the cat spinal cord. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[345]  F. Horak,et al.  Influence of globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. II. Effects of stimulation. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[346]  T. Hongo,et al.  Spatial patterns of reflex evoked by pressure stimulation of the foot pads in cats. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[347]  A. Lundberg,et al.  Cutaneous facilitation of transmission in reflex pathways from Ib afferents to motoneurones. , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[348]  W. Ferrell The adequacy of stretch receptors in the cat knee joint for signalling joint angle throughout a full range of movement. , 1980, The Journal of physiology.

[349]  M. Hoy,et al.  Intralimb coordination of the paw-shake response: a novel mixed synergy. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[350]  William Thomson Baron Kelvin,et al.  Treatise on Natural Philosophy , 1867 .

[351]  M. S. Mayzner,et al.  Human information processing : tutorials in performance and cognition , 1975 .

[352]  D. Alkon,et al.  Learning-specific differences in Purkinje-cell dendrites of lobule HVI (Lobulus simplex): intracellular recording in a rabbit cerebellar slice , 1991, Brain Research.

[353]  R. Lemon,et al.  Selective facilitation of different hand muscles by single corticospinal neurones in the conscious monkey. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[354]  E. Moberg The role of cutaneous afferents in position sense, kinaesthesia, and motor function of the hand. , 1983, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[355]  J. Bloedel The cerebellum and memory storage. , 1987, Science.

[356]  C. Umilta,et al.  Splitting visual space with attention. , 1989, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[357]  D. Burke,et al.  The afferent volleys responsible for spinal proprioceptive reflexes in man , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[358]  J. Houk,et al.  Improvement in linearity and regulation of stiffness that results from actions of stretch reflex. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[359]  Ioffe Me Pyramidal influences in establishment of new motor coordinations in dogs , 1973 .

[360]  S. Bressler,et al.  Event-related covariances during a bimanual visuomotor task. I. Methods and analysis of stimulus- and response-locked data. , 1989, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[361]  A. Prochazka Sensorimotor gain control: A basic strategy of motor systems? , 1989, Progress in Neurobiology.

[362]  W. Freeman,et al.  Spatial patterns of visual cortical fast EEG during conditioned reflex in a rhesus monkey , 1987, Brain Research.

[363]  D. Ingle,et al.  Visually Elicited Evasive Behavior in FrogsGiving memory research an ethological context , 1990 .

[364]  G. Graveland,et al.  The frequency and distribution of medium-sized neurons with indented nuclei in the primate and rodent neostriatum , 1985, Brain Research.

[365]  G. Thickbroom,et al.  Cerebral events preceding self-paced and visually triggered saccades. A study of presaccadic potentials. , 1985, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[366]  Michael J. O'Donovan,et al.  Actions of FDL and FHL muscles in intact cats: functional dissociation between anatomical synergists. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[367]  R. S. Gregory,et al.  Action of interneurons and axon collaterals in cerebellar cortex of a primate. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[368]  M. Gladden,et al.  Feedback and Motor Control in Invertebrates and Vertebrates , 1985, Springer Netherlands.

[369]  R. B. Freeman,et al.  Cognition and Motor Processes , 1983 .

[370]  E. Fetz,et al.  Responses of identified cells in postcentral cortex of awake monkeys during comparable active and passive joint movements. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[371]  M. Ito,et al.  Long-term depression. , 1989, Annual review of neuroscience.

[372]  D. Zee,et al.  Effects of ablation of flocculus and paraflocculus of eye movements in primate. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[373]  I. Gelfand,et al.  On the role of central program and afferent inflow in the control of scratching movements in the cat , 1975, Brain Research.

[374]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Demonstration of initial axon collaterals of cells of origin of the ventral spinocerebellar tract in the cat , 1988, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[375]  N. Wade,et al.  Visual Perception: An Introduction , 1991 .

[376]  W. Singer,et al.  Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[377]  J. Hore,et al.  Reflex activation of muscle spindles in human pretibial muscles during standing. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[378]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Muscle Receptors and Movement , 1981, Palgrave Macmillan UK.

[379]  H. Spitzer,et al.  Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate inferior temporal cortex. I. Response characteristics. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[380]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Effect of load disturbances during centrally initiated movements. , 1978, Journal of neurophysiology.

[381]  J. Bloedel,et al.  The responses of simultaneously recorded Purkinje cells to the perturbations of the step cycle in the walking ferret: a study using a new analytical method — the real-time postsynaptic response (RTPR) , 1986, Brain Research.

[382]  S. Skoglund Anatomical and physiological studies of knee joint innervation in the cat. , 1956, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[383]  R. Eccles,et al.  Synaptic actions in motoneurones by afferents in which may evoke the flexion reflex , 1959 .

[384]  G. Bruyn Posture and gait: Development, adaptation and modulation By Bernard Amblard, Alain Berthoz and François Clarac (eds.), Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, 1988, ICS 812, Dfl. 265.00 , 1989, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[385]  J. Houk,et al.  Regulatory actions of human stretch reflex. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[386]  A. Hopf,et al.  [Morphometrical-statistical structure analysis of human striatum, pallidus and subthalamic nucleus. II. Globus pallidus]. , 1975, Journal fur Hirnforschung.

[387]  K. Marshall,et al.  Modulation of amino acid neurotransmitter actions by other neurotransmitters: some examples. , 1991, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[388]  J. Jansen,et al.  The Comparative Anatomy and Histology of the Cerebellum: The Human Cerebellum, Cerebellar Connections, and Cerebellar Cortex , 1972 .

[389]  H. Schaible,et al.  Responses of fine medial articular nerve afferents to passive movements of knee joints. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[390]  J. Kelso,et al.  Intentional switching between patterns of bimanual coordination depends on the intrinsic dynamics of the patterns. , 1990, Journal of motor behavior.

[391]  J. Tanji,et al.  Changing concepts of motor areas of the cerebral cortex , 1989, Brain and Development.

[392]  A. Selverston,et al.  Learning algorithms for oscillatory networks with gap junctions and membrane currents , 1991 .

[393]  Y. Lamarre,et al.  The Inferior olivary nucleus : anatomy and physiology , 1980 .

[394]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Transformation from Head- to Shoulder-Centered Representation of Target Direction in Arm Movements , 1990, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[395]  J. Fuster,et al.  Occipital and inferotemporal responses to visual signals in the monkey , 1985, Experimental Neurology.

[396]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Compliance of single joints: elastic and plastic characteristics. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[397]  T. G. Scott A unique pattern of localization within the cerebellum of the mouse , 1964 .

[398]  G. L. Gottlieb,et al.  Reconstruction of shifting elbow joint compliant characteristics during fast and slow movements , 1991, Neuroscience.

[399]  H. Burton,et al.  Somatic submodality distribution within the second somatosensory (SII), 7b, retroinsular, postauditory, and granular insular cortical areas of M. fascicularis , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[400]  Fel'dman Ag On the functional tuning of the nervous system in movement control or preservation of stationary pose. II. Adjustable parameters in muscles , 1966 .

[401]  L. Stark,et al.  Simulation studies of descending and reflex control of fast movements. , 1987, Journal of motor behavior.

[402]  M. Hepp-Reymond,et al.  Contrasting properties of monkey somatosensory and motor cortex neurons activated during the control of force in precision grip. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[403]  R. Harris-Warrick,et al.  Serotonergic/cholinergic muscle receptor cells in the crab stomatogastric nervous system. II. Rapid nicotinic and prolonged modulatory effects on neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[404]  R. Andersen,et al.  Callosal and prefrontal associational projecting cell populations in area 7A of the macaque monkey: A study using retrogradely transported fluorescent dyes , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[405]  S. Wolf,et al.  Forced use of hemiplegic upper extremities to reverse the effect of learned nonuse among chronic stroke and head-injured patients , 1989, Experimental Neurology.

[406]  Deepak Kapur,et al.  Geometric reasoning , 1989 .

[407]  Y. Lamarre,et al.  Rapid elbow flexion in the absence of proprioceptive and cutaneous feedback. , 1987, Human neurobiology.

[408]  C. Gielen,et al.  Coordination of arm muscles during flexion and supination: Application of the tensor analysis approach , 1986, Neuroscience.

[409]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Mechanisms underlying achievement of final head position. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[410]  E. Bauswein,et al.  Simple and complex spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells during active and passive movements in the awake monkey. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[411]  J. Stephens,et al.  Task‐dependent changes in cutaneous reflexes recorded from various muscles controlling finger movement in man. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[412]  M. Goldberg,et al.  Representation of visuomotor space in the parietal lobe of the monkey. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[413]  M. Schlag-Rey,et al.  Evidence for a supplementary eye field. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[414]  D. Ferrington,et al.  Human tactile detection thresholds: modification by inputs from specific tactile receptor classes , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[415]  A. Parent,et al.  The striatopallidal and striatonigral projections: two distinct fiber systems in primate , 1984, Brain Research.

[416]  C. G. Phillips Movements of the hand , 1985 .

[417]  D. Burke,et al.  Monosynaptic and oligosynaptic contributions to human ankle jerk and H-reflex. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[418]  Richard F. Thompson,et al.  Are eyeblink responses to tone in the decerebrate, decerebellate rabbit conditioned responses? , 1991, Behavioural Brain Research.

[419]  O. Oscarsson Functional units of the cerebellum - sagittal zones and microzones , 1979, Trends in Neurosciences.

[420]  H. Schaible,et al.  Mechanical sensitivity of group III and IV afferents from posterior articular nerve in normal and inflamed cat knee. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[421]  P. Harrison,et al.  Sources of input to interneurones mediating group I non‐reciprocal inhibition of motoneurones in the cat. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[422]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three- dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[423]  H. Ross,et al.  Mass estimation and discrimination during brief periods of zero gravity , 1982, Perception & psychophysics.

[424]  J. Eccles,et al.  The excitatory synaptic action of climbing fibres on the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[425]  C. Sherrington,et al.  Reflexes in Response to Stretch (Myotatic Reflexes) , 1924 .

[426]  H. Skinner,et al.  Functional performance of the knee after intraarticular anesthesia , 1983, The American journal of sports medicine.

[427]  C. Prablanc,et al.  Large adjustments in visually guided reaching do not depend on vision of the hand or perception of target displacement , 1986, Nature.

[428]  L. Stark,et al.  Disorders in cerebellar ocular motor control. II. Macrosaccadic oscillation. An oculographic, control system and clinico-anatomical analysis. , 1976, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[429]  G. Orlovsky,et al.  Activity of Ia inhibitory interneurons during fictitious scratch reflex in the cat , 1980, Brain Research.

[430]  A. Fuchs,et al.  Role of primate flocculus during rapid behavioral modification of vestibuloocular reflex. I. Purkinje cell activity during visually guided horizontal smooth-pursuit eye movements and passive head rotation. , 1978, Journal of neurophysiology.

[431]  D. Burke,et al.  Voluntary activation of spindle endings in human muscles temporarily paralysed by nerve pressure. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[432]  W. R. Brain VISUAL DISORIENTATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LESIONS OF THE RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE , 1941 .

[433]  J C Houk,et al.  Regulation of stiffness by skeletomotor reflexes. , 1979, Annual review of physiology.

[434]  R. Hawkes,et al.  Organization and postnatal development of zebrin II antigenic compartmentation in the cerebellar vermis of the grey opossum, monodelphis domestica , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[435]  N. A. Bernshteĭn The co-ordination and regulation of movements , 1967 .

[436]  Masao Ito,et al.  Mechanisms of Motor Learning , 1982 .

[437]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Evidence that mid‐lumbar neurones in reflex pathways from group II afferents are involved in locomotion in the cat. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[438]  E. Rolls,et al.  Allocentric and egocentric spatial information processing in the hippocampal formation of the behaving primate , 1991, Psychobiology.

[439]  R. Andersen Visual and eye movement functions of the posterior parietal cortex. , 1989, Annual review of neuroscience.

[440]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. I. Somatosensory responses , 1981, Behavioural Brain Research.

[441]  D. Burke,et al.  Dependence of the achilles tendon reflex on the excitability of spinal reflex pathways , 1981, Annals of neurology.

[442]  H. Hultborn,et al.  Reciprocal Ia inhibition between ankle flexors and extensors in man. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[443]  W. R. Garner,et al.  The effect of presenting various numbers of discrete steps on scale reading accuracy. , 1951, Journal of experimental psychology.

[444]  E. Fetz,et al.  Neural mechanisms underlying corticospinal and rubrospinal control of limb movements. , 1991, Progress in brain research.

[445]  H. Zelaznik,et al.  Motor-output variability: a theory for the accuracy of rapid motor acts. , 1979, Psychological review.

[446]  A. Parent,et al.  The compartmentalization of the monkey and rat cerebellar cortex: zebrin I and cytochrome oxidase , 1990, Brain Research.

[447]  D. Evered,et al.  Functions of the basal ganglia , 1984 .

[448]  P. Grigg,et al.  Joint-position sense after total hip replacement. , 1973, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[449]  T. Nichols The organization of heterogenic reflexes among muscles crossing the ankle joint in the decerebrate cat. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[450]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Signaling of kinesthetic information by peripheral sensory receptors. , 1982, Annual review of neuroscience.

[451]  W. Ferrell,et al.  The effect of loading on position sense at the proximal interphalangeal joint of the human index finger. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[452]  E. Fetz,et al.  Functional classes of primate corticomotoneuronal cells and their relation to active force. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[453]  E. Kandel,et al.  Long-term facilitation in Aplysia: persistent phosphorylation and structural changes. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[454]  L. Cohen Role of eye and neck proprioceptive mechanisms in body orientation and motor coordination. , 1961, Journal of neurophysiology.

[455]  J. Murphy,et al.  Cerebellar modulation of reflex gain , 1979, Progress in Neurobiology.

[456]  C. Robinson,et al.  Organization of somatosensory receptive fields in cortical areas 7b, retroinsula, postauditory and granular insula of M. fascicularis , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[457]  I. Engberg,et al.  Reticulospinal inhibition of interneurones , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[458]  Michael G. Paulin,et al.  Dynamics of Compensatory Eye Movement Control: an Optimal Estimation Analysis of the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex , 1989, Int. J. Neural Syst..

[459]  P. Roland Sensory feedback to the cerebral cortex during voluntary movement in man. , 1978 .

[460]  J. Rauschecker,et al.  Mechanisms of visual plasticity: Hebb synapses, NMDA receptors, and beyond. , 1991, Physiological reviews.

[461]  J. Schouenborg,et al.  Activity evoked by A- and C-afferent fibers in rat dorsal horn neurons and its relation to a flexion reflex. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[462]  Richard A. Andersen,et al.  Algorithm programmed by a neural network model for coordinate transformation , 1990, 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks.

[463]  J. Bloedel,et al.  Action of climbing fibers in cerebellar cortex of the cat. , 1971, Journal of neurophysiology.

[464]  D. Chadwick,et al.  Exploring brain functional anatomy with positron tomography. , 1991, Ciba Foundation symposium.

[465]  A P Georgopoulos,et al.  On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex , 1982, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[466]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Sensory effects of pulling or vibrating exposed tendons in man. , 1983, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[467]  K. Pearson,et al.  Control of Posture and Locomotion , 1973, Advances in Behavioral Biology.

[468]  O. I. Fukson,et al.  Adaptability of innate motor patterns and motor control mechanisms , 1986, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[469]  Gerald M. Edelman,et al.  Dynamic aspects of neocortical function , 1984 .

[470]  M. Hallett,et al.  EMG analysis of patients with cerebellar deficits. , 1975, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[471]  Thomas J. Anastasio,et al.  Distributed Parallel Processing in the Vestibulo-Oculomotor System , 1989, Neural Computation.

[472]  A. G. Feldman Once More on the Equilibrium-Point Hypothesis (λ Model) for Motor Control , 1986 .

[473]  Richard A. Schmidt,et al.  Terminal Accuracy of Unexpectedly Loaded Rapid Movements , 1980 .

[474]  R. Lemon,et al.  Corticospinal neurons with a special role in precision grip , 1983, Brain Research.

[475]  Michael C. Mackey,et al.  Feedback, delays and the origin of blood cell dynamics , 1990 .

[476]  R. Granit,et al.  Supraspinal control of the muscle spindles and its significance , 1953, The Journal of physiology.

[477]  F. J. Clark,et al.  The contribution of articular receptors to proprioception with the fingers in humans. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[478]  Frolov Ag The effect of instrumentalization of inborn reaction on its transformation into contrary directed escape response in dogs and the problem of reinforcement. , 1983 .

[479]  P. Matthews The human stretch reflex and the motor cortex , 1991, Trends in Neurosciences.

[480]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Inhibition of neurones transmitting non‐monosynaptic Ia excitation to human wrist flexor motoneurones. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[481]  K. Ohtsuka,et al.  Accommodation and convergence insufficiency with left middle cerebral artery occlusion. , 1988, American journal of ophthalmology.

[482]  W. R. Garner Uncertainty and structure as psychological concepts , 1975 .

[483]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Parallel computations for controlling an arm. , 1984, Journal of motor behavior.

[484]  J. Tanji,et al.  Contrasting neuronal activity in supplementary and precentral motor cortex of monkeys. I. Responses to instructions determining motor responses to forthcoming signals of different modalities. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[485]  C. Bruce,et al.  Primate frontal eye fields. III. Maintenance of a spatially accurate saccade signal. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[486]  L. Chelazzi,et al.  Spontaneous Saccades and Gaze‐Holding Ability in the Pigmented Rat. II. Effects of Localized Cerebellar Lesions , 1990, The European journal of neuroscience.

[487]  D. McCrea,et al.  Inhibitory interactions between interneurones in reflex pathways from group Ia and group Ib afferents in the cat. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[488]  B. Bridgeman Temporal response characteristics of cells in monkey striate cortex measured with metacontrast masking and brightness discrimination , 1980, Brain Research.

[489]  W. Mackay,et al.  Unit activity in the cerebellar nuclei related to arm reaching movements , 1988, Brain Research.

[490]  E. Evarts,et al.  Relation of size and activity of motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons during skilled movements in the monkey , 1981, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[491]  P. Roland,et al.  A quantitative analysis of sensations of tension and of kinaesthesia in man. Evidence for a peripherally originating muscular sense and for a sense of effort. , 1977, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[492]  Dobrivoje Popovic,et al.  Analysis and control of industrial processes , 1991 .

[493]  L. A. Jeffress,et al.  Cerebral Mechanisms in Behavior , 1953 .

[494]  A Prochazka,et al.  Flexible fusimotor control of muscle spindle feedback during a variety of natural movements. , 1989, Progress in brain research.

[495]  P. Delwaide,et al.  Reinforcement of reciprocal inhibition by contralateral movements in man , 1988, Experimental Neurology.

[496]  D. Burke,et al.  Perceptual responses to microstimulation of single afferents innervating joints, muscles and skin of the human hand. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[497]  F A Mussa-Ivaldi,et al.  Computations underlying the execution of movement: a biological perspective. , 1991, Science.

[498]  A. Selverston,et al.  Oscillatory neural networks. , 1985, Annual review of physiology.

[499]  D. McCrea,et al.  Oligosynaptic excitation of motoneurones by impulses in group Ia muscle spindle afferents in the cat , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[500]  T. Ebner,et al.  Climbing fiber action on the responsiveness of Purkinje cells to parallel fiber inputs , 1984, Brain Research.

[501]  S. Lisberger The neural basis for motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex in monkeys , 1988, Trends in Neurosciences.

[502]  N. Tsukahara,et al.  Cortical neurons related to lens accommodation in posterior lateral suprasylvian area in cats. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[503]  M L Latash,et al.  Organizing principles for single joint movements: V. Agonist-antagonist interactions. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[504]  J. Bloedel,et al.  A new conditioning paradigm: Conditioned limb movements in locomoting decerebrate ferrets , 1988, Neuroscience Letters.

[505]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Topographic segregation of corticostriatal projections from posterior parietal subdivisions in the macaque monkey , 1991, Neuroscience.

[506]  C. Romano,et al.  Convergence of Ia fibres from synergistic and antagonistic muscles onto interneurones inhibitory to soleus in humans. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[507]  F. Ottes,et al.  Visuomotor fields of the superior colliculus: A quantitative model , 1986, Vision Research.

[508]  P. Smolensky On the proper treatment of connectionism , 1988, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[509]  Bartlett W. Mel A Connectionist Model May Shed Light on Neural Mechanisms for Visually Guided Reaching , 1991, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[510]  N. A. Borghese,et al.  Transient reversal of the stretch reflex in human arm muscles. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[511]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres at the onset of voluntary contraction in man. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[512]  J. Rothwell,et al.  Knowledge of motor commands and the recruitment of human motoneurons. , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[513]  David P. Friedman,et al.  Brain circuits and functions of the mind By Colwyn Trevarthen (editor), Cambridge University Press, 1990, ISBD: 0521-26-1023 Hardback , 1991, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[514]  J. Harvey,et al.  Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit during inactivation of the interpositus nucleus. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[515]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  For effective sensorimotor processing must there be explicit representations and reconciliation of differing frames of reference? , 1992, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[516]  G. M. Shambes,et al.  Fractured somatotopy in granule cell tactile areas of rat cerebellar hemispheres revealed by micromapping. , 1978, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[517]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Joint sense, muscle sense, and their combination as position sense, measured at the distal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[518]  T. Ebner,et al.  Relationships between simultaneously recorded Purkinje cells and nuclear neurons , 1987, Brain Research.

[519]  C. Scudder A new local feedback model of the saccadic burst generator. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[520]  D. Pandya,et al.  Intra- and interhemispheric projections of the precentral, premotor and arcuate areas in the rhesus monkey. , 1971, Brain research.

[521]  William T. Newsome,et al.  Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction , 1990, Nature.

[522]  G. Stelmach Motor Control: Issues and Trends , 1976 .

[523]  R. Douglas,et al.  A silicon neuron , 1991, Nature.

[524]  Z. Hasan,et al.  Activity of wrist muscles elicited during imposed or voluntary movements about the elbow joint. , 1991, Journal of motor behavior.

[525]  W. J. Nowack Neurobiology of Neocortex , 1989, Neurology.

[526]  B. Bridgeman Multiplexing in single cells of the alert monkey's visual cortex during brightness discrimination , 1982, Neuropsychologia.

[527]  G. Weiland,et al.  Sensory Feedback During Active Movements of Stick Insects , 1987 .

[528]  S. Lund,et al.  Effects of different head positions on postural sway in man induced by a reproducible vestibular error signal. , 1983, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[529]  Tomaso Poggio,et al.  From Understanding Computation to Understanding Neural Circuitry , 1976 .

[530]  O. Kiehn,et al.  Transmitter-controlled properties of alpha-motoneurones causing long-lasting motor discharge to brief excitatory inputs. , 1986, Progress in brain research.

[531]  D. Robinson,et al.  Signals in vestibular nucleus mediating vertical eye movements in the monkey. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[532]  J. Ochoa,et al.  Sensations evoked by intraneural microstimulation of single mechanoreceptor units innervating the human hand. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[533]  P. Stanzione,et al.  Excitatory amino acids in synaptic excitation of rat striatal neurones in vitro. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[534]  J. Kalaska,et al.  Cerebellar neuronal activity related to whole-arm reaching movements in the monkey. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[535]  P J Cordo,et al.  Kinesthetic control of a multijoint movement sequence. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[536]  M. Latash,et al.  An equilibrium-point model for fast, single-joint movement: II. Similarity of single-joint isometric and isotonic descending commands. , 1991, Journal of motor behavior.

[537]  P. Strick,et al.  Corticospinal projections originate from the arcuate premotor area , 1987, Brain Research.

[538]  I. Kanazawa,et al.  Complex-spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells related to wrist tracking movement in monkey. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[539]  W. Penfield,et al.  SOMATIC MOTOR AND SENSORY REPRESENTATION IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF MAN AS STUDIED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION , 1937 .

[540]  H. Harlow,et al.  The History and Philosophy of Knowledge of the Brain and its Functions , 1960, Neurology.

[541]  H. Hultborn,et al.  Convergence on interneurones mediating the reciprocal Ia inhibition of motoneurones. III. Effects from supraspinal pathways. , 1976, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[542]  O. I. Fukson,et al.  The spinal frog takes into account the scheme of its body during the wiping reflex. , 1980, Science.

[543]  R. Hutton,et al.  Post‐contraction errors in human force production are reduced by muscle stretch. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[544]  D G Stuart,et al.  Animal solutions to problems of movement control: the role of proprioceptors. , 1988, Annual review of neuroscience.

[545]  B. V. Updyke,et al.  Projection of the digit and wrist area of precentral gyrus to the putamen: Relation between topography and physiological properties of neurons in the putamen , 1985, Brain Research.

[546]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Can fusimotor activity potentiate the responses of muscle spindles to a tendon tap? , 1984, Neuroscience Letters.

[547]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Monosynaptic Ia excitation and recurrent inhibition from quadriceps to ankle flexors and extensors in man. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[548]  K. Kanda,et al.  Reflex responses of human thigh muscles to non-noxious sural stimulation during stepping , 1983, Brain Research.

[549]  G. Allen,et al.  Cerebrocerebellar communication systems. , 1974, Physiological reviews.

[550]  B. C. Abbott,et al.  ABSTRACTS OF MEMOIRS RECORDING WORK DONE AT THE PLYMOUTH LABORATORY THE FORCE EXERTED BY ACTIVE STRIATED MUSCLE DURING AND AFTER CHANGE OF LENGTH , 2022 .

[551]  Robert W. Proctor,et al.  Stimulus-Response Compatibility: An Integrated Perspective , 1990 .

[552]  P. Cordo Mechanisms controlling accurate changes in elbow torque in humans , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[553]  P. Roland Cortical regulation of selective attention in man. A regional cerebral blood flow study. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[554]  Richard F. Thompson,et al.  Retention of classically conditioned eyelid responses following acute decerebration , 1987, Brain Research.

[555]  M. Carpenter The cerebral cortex , 1976 .

[556]  Karl H. Pribram,et al.  The Languages of the Brain , 2002 .

[557]  C. L. Cleland,et al.  Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat. I. Characteristics of the reflex. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[558]  J. Roll,et al.  Efferent discharges recorded from single skeletomotor and fusimotor fibres in man. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[559]  C. Capaday,et al.  Amplitude modulation of the soleus H-reflex in the human during walking and standing , 1986, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[560]  Richard A. Andersen,et al.  A back-propagation programmed network that simulates response properties of a subset of posterior parietal neurons , 1988, Nature.

[561]  R. Mansfield,et al.  Analysis of visual behavior , 1982 .

[562]  J. Eccles,et al.  Correlation of the inhibitory post‐synaptic potential of motoneurones with the latency and time course of inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes , 1960, The Journal of physiology.

[563]  E. Saltzman,et al.  Space-time behavior of single and bimanual rhythmical movements: data and limit cycle model. , 1987 .

[564]  R. Reinking,et al.  Motor unit-muscle spindle interactions in active muscles of decerebrate cats , 1980, Neuroscience Letters.

[565]  J. Eccles,et al.  Synaptic actions on motoneurones caused by impulses in Golgi tendon organ afferents , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[566]  J. Albus A Theory of Cerebellar Function , 1971 .

[567]  S. L. Liles Activity of neurons in the putamen associated with wrist movements in the monkey , 1983, Brain Research.

[568]  P. W. Strike,et al.  Forecasting and control , 1991 .

[569]  C. J. Luca Control properties of motor units , 1985 .

[570]  T. Ebner,et al.  Increased responsiveness of Purkinje cells associated with climbing fiber inputs to neighboring neurons. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[571]  J. Flanagan,et al.  Kinematics and control of frog hindlimb movements. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[572]  D. Peck,et al.  A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations , 1984, Journal of morphology.

[573]  S. Edgley,et al.  A short‐latency crossed pathway from cutaneous afferents to rat hindlimb motoneurones. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[574]  P. Rack,et al.  The effects of length and stimulus rate on tension in the isometric cat soleus muscle , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[575]  E K Stauffer,et al.  Responses of Golgi tendon organs to ramp-and-hold profiles of contractile force. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[576]  W. B. Marks,et al.  Activity of spindle afferents from cat anterior thigh muscles. III. Effects of external stimuli. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[577]  W. Singer,et al.  Blockade of "NMDA" receptors disrupts experience-dependent plasticity of kitten striate cortex. , 1987, Science.

[578]  T. Moritani,et al.  Reexamination of the relationship between the surface integrated electromyogram (IEMG) and force of isometric contraction. , 1978, American journal of physical medicine.

[579]  C. Colby,et al.  Heterogeneity of extrastriate visual areas and multiple parietal areas in the Macaque monkey , 1991, Neuropsychologia.

[580]  G. Holmes,et al.  Sensory disturbances from cerebral lesions , 1911 .

[581]  Jordan Grafman,et al.  Handbook of Neuropsychology , 1991 .

[582]  M Kuperstein,et al.  Neural model of adaptive hand-eye coordination for single postures. , 1988, Science.

[583]  G. Denes,et al.  Difficulty in Reaching Objects and Body Parts: A Sensorymotor Disconnexion Syndrome , 1982, Cortex.

[584]  Geoffrey E. Hinton Connectionist Learning Procedures , 1989, Artif. Intell..

[585]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Comparison of soleus H reflex facilitation at the onset of soleus contractions produced voluntarily and during the stance phase of human gait , 1982, Neuroscience Letters.

[586]  D. McCloskey,et al.  The contribution of muscle afferents to kinaesthesia shown by vibration induced illusions of movement and by the effects of paralysing joint afferents. , 1972, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[587]  H. Kwan,et al.  Neural network control of simple limb movements. , 1990, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[588]  J F Soechting,et al.  Organization of sequential typing movements. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[589]  I. Kupfermann,et al.  Appetitive feeding behavior of Aplysia: behavioral and neural analysis of directed head turning , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[590]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Robust control of dynamically interacting systems , 1988 .

[591]  E. Fetz,et al.  Discharge properties of primate forearm motor units during isometric muscle activity. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[592]  J. Bower,et al.  Multiple Purkinje Cell Recording in Rodent Cerebellar Cortex , 1989, The European journal of neuroscience.

[593]  J. Fuster,et al.  Visual response latencies in temporal lobe structures as a function of stimulus information load. , 1990, Behavioral neuroscience.

[594]  S. McKee,et al.  Visual acuity in the presence of retinal-image motion. , 1975, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[595]  J. Smith,et al.  Scratch responses in normal cats: hindlimb kinematics and muscle synergies. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[596]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Parallel Models of Associative Memory , 1989 .

[597]  M. Ellenberg,et al.  Diabetes mellitus: theory and practice , 1970 .

[598]  Masataka Watanabe,et al.  Prefrontal unit activity and delayed response: Relation to cue location versus direction of response , 1976, Brain Research.

[599]  S. Keele,et al.  Does the Cerebellum Provide a Common Computation for Diverse Tasks? A Timing Hypothesis a , 1990, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[600]  C. Yeo Cerebellum and Classical Conditioning of Motor Responses , 1991, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[601]  C. Marsden,et al.  Reciprocal inhibition between the muscles of the human forearm. , 1984, The Journal of physiology.

[602]  J F Soechting,et al.  A coordinate system for the synthesis of visual and kinesthetic information , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[603]  G. A. Miller THE PSYCHOLOGICAL REVIEW THE MAGICAL NUMBER SEVEN, PLUS OR MINUS TWO: SOME LIMITS ON OUR CAPACITY FOR PROCESSING INFORMATION 1 , 1956 .

[604]  M. Dahhaoui,et al.  Role of the cerebellum in an avoidance conditioning task in the rat , 1990, Physiology & Behavior.

[605]  E. Fetz,et al.  Operant conditioning of isolated activity in specific muscles and precentral cells. , 1972, Brain research.

[606]  S. Rapoport Reflex connexions of motoneurones of muscles involved in head movement in the cat. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[607]  W. R. Garner,et al.  The relation between information and variance analyses , 1956 .

[608]  P. Wall,et al.  Microneuronography and its relation to perceived sensation. a critical review , 1985, Pain.

[609]  J. Paillard Brain and space , 1991 .

[610]  L. Kempe Handbook of Physiology. Section I. The Nervous System , 1982 .

[611]  Terrence J. Sejnowski,et al.  Parallel Networks that Learn to Pronounce English Text , 1987, Complex Syst..

[612]  Harley Bornbach,et al.  An introduction to mathematical learning theory , 1967 .

[613]  B. Edin,et al.  Muscle afferent responses to isometric contractions and relaxations in humans. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[614]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Basal ganglia motor control. II. Late pallidal timing relative to movement onset and inconsistent pallidal coding of movement parameters. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[615]  M. Hulliger,et al.  Muscle afferent contribution to control of paw shakes in normal cats. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[616]  Joseph E LeDoux,et al.  Spatially oriented movements in the absence of proprioception , 1979, Neurology.

[617]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Trained slow tracking. II. Bidirectional discharge patterns of cerebellar nuclear, motor cortex, and spindle afferent neurons. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[618]  A. Keller,et al.  Long-lasting facilitation of pyramidal tract input to spinal interneurons. , 1990, Neuroreport.

[619]  G. Gottlieb,et al.  Dependence of human ankle compliance on joint angle. , 1978, Journal of biomechanics.

[620]  Oussama Khatib,et al.  The robotics review 1 , 1989 .

[621]  R. Harris-Warrick,et al.  Actions of identified neuromodulatory neurons in a simple motor system , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[622]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Microstimulation of single tactile afferents from the human hand. Sensory attributes related to unit type and properties of receptive fields. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[623]  D. Stuart,et al.  Distribution of sensory receptors in the flexor carpi radialis muscle of the cat , 1985, Journal of morphology.

[624]  M. Carpenter,et al.  Nigrothalamic projections in the monkey demonstrated by autoradiographic technics , 1976, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[625]  S. Gandevia,et al.  Projection of low-threshold afferents from human intercostal muscles to the cerebral cortex. , 1989, Respiration physiology.

[626]  P. Grobstein The nervous system/behavior interface: Levels of organization and levels of approach , 1987, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[627]  A. Pellionisz,et al.  Space-time representation in the brain. The cerebellum as a predictive space-time metric tensor , 1982, Neuroscience.

[628]  C. Andrews Influence of dystonia on the response to long-term L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease , 1973, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[629]  G E Alexander,et al.  Neural representations of the target (goal) of visually guided arm movements in three motor areas of the monkey. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[630]  J. Fleshman,et al.  Homonymous projection of individual group Ia-fibers to physiologically characterized medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[631]  Walter Heiligenberg,et al.  Neural Nets in Electric Fish , 1991 .

[632]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Sensorimotor representations for pointing to targets in three-dimensional space. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[633]  Marc D. Binder,et al.  The Segmental motor system , 1990 .

[634]  H. Spitzer,et al.  Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate primary visual cortex. I. Stimulus-response relations. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[635]  Soviet-French Roundtable Meeting on Neurobiology,et al.  Stance and motion : facts and concepts , 1988 .

[636]  G. Jones,et al.  Extreme vestibulo‐ocular adaptation induced by prolonged optical reversal of vision , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[637]  L. Jones,et al.  Perception of force and weight: theory and research. , 1986, Psychological bulletin.

[638]  J. Ewert,et al.  Visuomotor Coordination: Amphibians, Comparisons, Models, and Robots , 1989 .

[639]  P. Nathan,et al.  EFFECTS OF POSTERIOR ROOT SECTION ON THE ACTIVITY OF SOME MUSCLES IN MAN , 1960, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[640]  R. Paul Robot manipulators : mathematics, programming, and control : the computer control of robot manipulators , 1981 .

[641]  J. S. King,et al.  New concepts in cerebellar neurobiology , 1986 .

[642]  John F. Kalaska,et al.  Spatial coding of movement: A hypothesis concerning the coding of movement direction by motor cortical populations , 1983 .

[643]  A. Milner,et al.  Neuropsychology of Consciousness , 2019, Frontiers Research Topics.

[644]  M. Glickstein,et al.  Cerebellum and Neuronal Plasticity , 1987, NATO ASI Series.

[645]  D. Menétrey,et al.  Electrophysiological characteristics of lumbar spinal cord neurons backfired from lateral reticular nucleus in the rat. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[646]  T. Brown On the nature of the fundamental activity of the nervous centres; together with an analysis of the conditioning of rhythmic activity in progression, and a theory of the evolution of function in the nervous system , 1914, The Journal of physiology.

[647]  D. Burke,et al.  Task‐dependent changes in the responses to low‐threshold cutaneous afferent volleys in the human lower limb. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[648]  J. Pirart Diabetes Mellitus and Its Degenerative Complications: A Prospective Study of 4,400 Patients Observed Between 1947 and 1973 , 1978, Diabetes Care.

[649]  Matthias Hahne,et al.  Recurrent inhibition in the cat distal forelimb , 1988, Brain Research.

[650]  D. Humphrey,et al.  Motor control : concepts and issues , 1991 .

[651]  M. Hallett,et al.  Differential influence of posture and intentional movement on human somatosensory evoked potentials evoked by different stimuli , 1989, Brain Research.

[652]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Interpretation of perceived motor commands by reference to afferent signals. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[653]  T. Kohonen Self-organized formation of topographically correct feature maps , 1982 .

[654]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Human muscle spindle discharge during isometric voluntary contractions. Amplitude relations between spindle frequency and torque. , 1974, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[655]  H. Ross,et al.  How important are changes in body weight for mass perception? , 1981, Acta astronautica.

[656]  J. Hore,et al.  Movement and electromyographic disorders associated with cerebellar dysmetria. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[657]  J. Kalaska,et al.  A comparison of movement direction-related versus load direction- related activity in primate motor cortex, using a two-dimensional reaching task , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[658]  John C. Eccles,et al.  From Neuron to Action , 1990, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[659]  I.W. Hunter,et al.  An airjet actuator system for identification of the human arm joint mechanical properties , 1991, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[660]  E. Blass Handbook of behavioral neurobiology , 1988 .

[661]  G. Agarwal,et al.  Nonlinear mechanical behavior in striated muscle and its relationship to underlying crossbridge activity , 1988, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[662]  S. Grillner The role of muscle stiffness in meeting the changing postural and locomotor requirements for force development by the ankle extensors. , 1972, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[663]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Early stages in a sensorimotor transformation , 1992, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[664]  D. Pandya,et al.  Cortico-cortical connections in the rhesus monkey. , 1969, Brain research.

[665]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three- dimensional space. I. Relations between single cell discharge and direction of movement , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[666]  J C Rothwell,et al.  Manual motor performance in a deafferented man. , 1982, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[667]  A. Rossi,et al.  Characteristics of hip joint mechanoreceptors in the cat. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[668]  D. Burke,et al.  Long-lasting depression of central synaptic transmission following prolonged high-frequency stimulation of cutaneous afferents: a mechanism for post-vibratory hypaesthesia. , 1991, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[669]  M. Nordin,et al.  Gamma loop contributing to maximal voluntary contractions in man. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[670]  J. Voogd,et al.  An acetylcholinesterase band-pattern in the molecular layer of the cat cerebellum. , 1977, Journal of anatomy.

[671]  M. Mesulam,et al.  Cortical afferent input to the principals region of the rhesus monkey , 1985, Neuroscience.

[672]  Pattie Maes,et al.  Designing autonomous agents: Theory and practice from biology to engineering and back , 1990, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[673]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Intraneural microstimulation in man. Its relation to specificity of tactile sensations. , 1987, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[674]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Deficits in attention and movement following the removal of postarcuate (area 6) and prearcuate (area 8) cortex in macaque monkeys. , 1983, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[675]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Effects of cooling prefrontal cortex on cell firing in the nucleus medialis dorsalis. , 1973, Brain research.

[676]  H. Sakata,et al.  Functional properties of visual tracking neurons in posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[677]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Common interneurones in reflex pathways from group 1a and 1b afferents of ankle extensors in the cat. , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[678]  S. Gandevia The perception of motor commands or effort during muscular paralysis. , 1982, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[679]  A. Kristofferson,et al.  Response delays and the timing of discrete motor responses , 1973 .

[680]  I. Hunter,et al.  Perceived force in fatiguing isometric contractions , 1983, Perception & psychophysics.

[681]  H. Diener,et al.  Quantification of postural sway in normals and patients with cerebellar diseases. , 1984, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[682]  C. Romano,et al.  Selective recruitment of high‐threshold human motor units during voluntary isotonic lengthening of active muscles. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[683]  M. Knibestöl Stimulus‐response functions of slowly adapting mechanoreceptors in the human glabrous skin area. , 1975, The Journal of physiology.

[684]  R. Eckmiller Advanced neural computers , 1990 .

[685]  J. Tanji,et al.  Contrasting neuronal activity in supplementary and precentral motor cortex of monkeys. II. Responses to movement triggering vs. nontriggering sensory signals. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[686]  D. Burke,et al.  Activation of fusimotor neurones by motor cortical stimulation in human subjects. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[687]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Disynaptic inhibition of spinal motoneurones from the motor cortex in the monkey. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[688]  H. E. Torebjörk,et al.  Projected and receptive fields: a comparison of projected areas of sensations evoked by intraneural stimulation of mechanoreceptive units, and their innervation territories. , 1983, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[689]  P J Denning,et al.  Highly Parallel Computation , 1990, Science.

[690]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Ia afferent activity during a variety of voluntary movements in the cat , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[691]  G. Wolstenholme,et al.  The Spinal cord , 1953 .

[692]  M. Goodale,et al.  Separate visual pathways for perception and action , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[693]  G. Hammond Cerebral control of speech and limb movements , 1990 .

[694]  R. Granit Receptors and Sensory Perception , 1955 .

[695]  R. Kesner,et al.  Caudate nucleus and memory for egocentric localization. , 1988, Behavioral and neural biology.

[696]  G. Holmes DISTURBANCES OF VISUAL ORIENTATION , 1918, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[697]  J. Houk,et al.  Simple changes in reflex threshold cannot explain all aspects of rapid voluntary movements , 1986, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[698]  R. Wurtz,et al.  The Neurobiology of Saccadic Eye Movements , 1989 .

[699]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Neglect as a neural representation deficit. , 1990, Revue neurologique.

[700]  A. Baranyi,et al.  Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission requires postnaptic modifications in the neocortex , 1987, Brain Research.

[701]  Yury P. Shimansky,et al.  Principles of organization of neural systems controlling automatic movements in animals , 1992, Progress in Neurobiology.

[702]  J. Paillard,et al.  Functional organization of afferent innervation of muscle studied in man by monosynaptic testing. , 1959, American journal of physical medicine.

[703]  D. Burke,et al.  Projection to the cerebral cortex from proximal and distal muscles in the human upper limb. , 1988, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[704]  Marsden Cd What do the basal ganglia tell premotor cortical areas , 1987 .

[705]  E. Jankowska Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors , 1992, Progress in Neurobiology.

[706]  J. Butler,et al.  PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY , 1952 .

[707]  R. Dow,et al.  The Physiology and Pathology of the Cerebellum , 1958 .

[708]  P. Gilbert How the cerebellum could memorise movements , 1975, Nature.

[709]  M. Mesulam Principles of behavioral neurology , 1985 .

[710]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Processes controlling arm movements in monkeys. , 1978, Science.

[711]  M. Hallett,et al.  Adaptation to lateral displacement of vision in patients with lesions of the central nervous system , 1983, Neurology.

[712]  M. Nagaoka,et al.  Contribution of kinesthesia on human visuomotor elbow tracking movements , 1981, Neuroscience Letters.

[713]  F. A. Miles,et al.  Long-term adaptive changes in primate vestibuloocular reflex. IV. Electrophysiological observations in flocculus of adapted monkeys. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[714]  Jean-Jacques E. Slotine,et al.  The Robust Control of Robot Manipulators , 1985 .

[715]  R. Ryall Renshaw cell mediated inhibition of Renshaw cells: patterns of excitation and inhibition from impulses in motor axon collaterals. , 1970, Journal of neurophysiology.

[716]  W T Thach,et al.  The cerebellum and the adaptive coordination of movement. , 1992, Annual review of neuroscience.

[717]  M. Hulliger,et al.  The responses of afferent fibres from the glabrous skin of the hand during voluntary finger movements in man. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[718]  A. Inhoff,et al.  Encoding of text, manual movement planning, and eye-hand coordination during copytyping. , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[719]  D. P. Lloyd CONDUCTION AND SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION OF THE REFLEX RESPONSE TO STRETCH IN SPINAL CATS , 1943 .

[720]  Dr. Juhani Hyvärinen The Parietal Cortex of Monkey and Man , 1982, Studies of Brain Function.

[721]  J. Duysens,et al.  Long-Term Unit Recording from Somatosensory Neurons in the Spinal Ganglia of the Freely Walking Cat , 1977 .

[722]  E. Bisiach,et al.  Unilateral Neglect of Representational Space , 1978, Cortex.

[723]  J. W. Humberston Classical mechanics , 1980, Nature.

[724]  A. Pellionisz,et al.  Tensorial approach to the geometry of brain function: Cerebellar coordination via a metric tensor , 1980, Neuroscience.

[725]  W. Hershberger,et al.  A conditioned weight illusion: Reafference learning without a correlation store , 1983, Perception & psychophysics.

[726]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Role of intramuscular receptors in the awareness of limb position. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[727]  R. Baxendale,et al.  Pressures in normal and acutely distended human knee joints and effects on quadriceps maximal voluntary contractions. , 1988, Quarterly journal of experimental physiology.

[728]  S. Rossignol,et al.  Intra-axonal recordings of cutaneous primary afferents during fictive locomotion in the cat. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[729]  M. Inase,et al.  Neuronal activity in the primate premotor, supplementary, and precentral motor cortex during visually guided and internally determined sequential movements. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[730]  C. M. Chanaud,et al.  Functionally complex muscles of the cat hindlimb , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[731]  J. Pailhous,et al.  Dopa-sensitive and Dopa-resistant gait parameters in Parkinson's disease , 1991, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[732]  S. Rossignol,et al.  Discharge patterns of reticulospinal and other reticular neurons in chronic, unrestrained cats walking on a treadmill. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[733]  D. Sparks,et al.  Corollary discharge provides accurate eye position information to the oculomotor system. , 1983, Science.

[734]  Peter Dayan,et al.  Optimal Plasticity from Matrix Memories: What Goes Up Must Come Down , 1990, Neural Computation.

[735]  A. Lundberg,et al.  The dynamic sensitivity of lb inhibition , 1988 .

[736]  Charles J. Wilson,et al.  Fine structure and synaptic connections of the common spiny neuron of the rat neostriatum: A study employing intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase , 1980 .

[737]  V. Edgerton,et al.  EMG of slow and fast ankle extensors of cat during posture, locomotion, and jumping. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[738]  Richard S. Sutton,et al.  Neural networks for control , 1990 .

[739]  J. Bloedel,et al.  Disorders of the cerebellum , 1981 .

[740]  D. Pandya,et al.  Afferent cortical connections and architectonics of the superior temporal sulcus and surrounding cortex in the rhesus monkey , 1978, Brain Research.

[741]  C. Sotelo,et al.  Expression of compartmentation antigen zebrin I in cerebellar transplants , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[742]  J. Tanji,et al.  Anticipatory activity of motor cortex neurons in relation to direction of an intended movement. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[743]  J. Allum,et al.  Compensation for intrinsic muscle stiffness by short-latency reflexes in human triceps surae muscles. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[744]  Jeffrey L. Elman,et al.  Finding Structure in Time , 1990, Cogn. Sci..

[745]  J. Houk,et al.  Nonlinear viscosity of human wrist. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[746]  L. Nashner,et al.  Influence of head position and proprioceptive cues on short latency postural reflexes evoked by galvanic stimulation of the human labyrinth. , 1974, Brain research.

[747]  D R Humphrey,et al.  Predicting Measures of Motor Performance from Multiple Cortical Spike Trains , 1970, Science.

[748]  Ronald F. Zernicke,et al.  Modulation of limb dynamics in the swing phase of locomotion , 1985 .

[749]  André Parent,et al.  Organization of efferent projections from the internal segment of globus pallidus in primate as revealed by flourescence retrograde labeling method , 1982, Brain Research.

[750]  L. Nadel,et al.  The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map , 1978 .

[751]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Thalamic input to inferior area 6 and area 4 in the macaque monkey , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[752]  T. Ebner,et al.  Increase in Purkinje cell gain associated with naturally activated climbing fiber input. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[753]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  Learning representations by back-propagating errors , 1986, Nature.

[754]  A. Huxley,et al.  The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[755]  Steven P. Miller,et al.  Brain Stem Control of Spinal Mechanisms , 1982 .

[756]  M. Arbib Levels of modeling of mechanisms of visually guided behavior , 1987, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[757]  E. Evarts,et al.  Relation of pyramidal tract activity to force exerted during voluntary movement. , 1968, Journal of neurophysiology.

[758]  G. Stelmach,et al.  Tutorials in Motor Behavior , 1980 .

[759]  P Rudomin,et al.  Synaptic potentials of primary afferent fibers and motoneurons evoked by single intermediate nucleus interneurons in the cat spinal cord. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[760]  G Horcholle-Bossavit,et al.  Ensemble discharge from Golgi tendon organs of cat peroneus tertius muscle. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[761]  L A Krubitzer,et al.  Cortical connections of MT in four species of primates: Areal, modular, and retinotopic patterns , 1990, Visual Neuroscience.

[762]  G. Stelmach,et al.  Tutorials in motor neuroscience , 1991 .

[763]  C. Fox,et al.  The spiny neurons in the primate striatum: a Golgi and electron microscopic study. , 1972, Journal fur Hirnforschung.

[764]  R. Harris-Warrick,et al.  Serotonergic/cholinergic muscle receptor cells in the crab stomatogastric nervous system. I. Identification and characterization of the gastropyloric receptor cells. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[765]  J. Courville,et al.  Cerebellar corticonuclear projection in the cat. The vermis of the anterior and posterior lobes , 1976, Brain Research.

[766]  B. Bussel,et al.  Mechanism of monosynaptic reflex reinforcement during Jendrassik manoeuvre in man. , 1978, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[767]  L. Ritchie Effects of cerebellar lesions on saccadic eye movements. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[768]  A. Bekoff,et al.  Neural control of limb coordination. I. Comparison of hatching and walking motor output patterns in normal and deafferented chicks , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[769]  Christopher G. Atkeson,et al.  Model-Based Control of a Robot Manipulator , 1988 .

[770]  Hagbarth Ke Excitatory and inhibitory skin areas for flexor and extensor motoneurons. , 1952 .

[771]  U. Proske The Golgi tendon organ. Properties of the receptor and reflex action of impulses arising from tendon organs. , 1981, International review of physiology.

[772]  C. Crone,et al.  Spinal mechanisms in man contributing to reciprocal inhibition during voluntary dorsiflexion of the foot. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[773]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Changes in presynaptic inhibition of Ia fibres in man while standing. , 1988, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[774]  D. Robinson,et al.  Behavioral enhancement of visual responses in monkey cerebral cortex. I. Modulation in posterior parietal cortex related to selective visual attention. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[775]  Ronald F. Zernicke,et al.  Predictions for neural control based on limb dynamics , 1987, Trends in Neurosciences.

[776]  R. Andersen,et al.  Microstimulation of a Neural-Network Model for Visually Guided Saccades , 1989, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[777]  P. Dodwell The Lie transformation group model of visual perception , 1983, Perception & psychophysics.

[778]  K. Browne,et al.  The sensation of passive movement at the metatarso‐phalangeal joint of the great toe in man , 1954 .

[779]  Klaus Schulten,et al.  Topology-conserving maps for learning visuo-motor-coordination , 1989, Neural Networks.

[780]  T. Salthouse Effects of age and skill in typing. , 1984, Journal of experimental psychology. General.

[781]  A. Riehle,et al.  Monkey primary motor and premotor cortex: single-cell activity related to prior information about direction and extent of an intended movement. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[782]  B. Renshaw Central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots. , 1946, Journal of neurophysiology.

[783]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Maintenance of constant arm position or force: reflex and volitional components in man. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[784]  D. J. Nelson,et al.  The distribution, activity, and function of the cilia in the frog brain , 1974, The Journal of physiology.

[785]  D. Burke,et al.  The responses of human muscle spindle endings to vibration during isometric contraction. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[786]  S. Miller,et al.  Evidence for caudate nucleus involvement in an egocentric spatial task: Return from passive transport , 1983 .

[787]  L. T. Robertson,et al.  Stimulus classification by ensembles of climbing fiber receptive fields , 1991, Trends in Neurosciences.

[788]  M. Minsky The Society of Mind , 1986 .

[789]  P. Strick,et al.  The origin of thalamic inputs to the arcuate premotor and supplementary motor areas , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[790]  A. G. Feldman,et al.  The prerequisites for one-jint motor control theories , 1989, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[791]  R. F. Thompson,et al.  Neural mechanisms of classical conditioning in mammals. , 1990, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences.

[792]  S. Lisberger,et al.  Properties of pathways that mediate motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex of monkeys. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[793]  E. Cafarelli Force Sensation in Fresh and Fatigued Human Skeletal Muscle , 1988, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[794]  C. Chandler,et al.  Computers, brains and the control of movement , 1982, Trends in Neurosciences.

[795]  R. Porter,et al.  Relationship between the activity of precentral neurones during active and passive movements in conscious monkeys , 1976, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[796]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Characteristics of knee joint receptors in the cat , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[797]  J. Lynch,et al.  Deficits of visual attention and saccadic eye movements after lesions of parietooccipital cortex in monkeys. , 1989, Journal of neurophysiology.

[798]  A. G. Fel'dman,et al.  Interaction of afferent and efferent signals underlying joint position sense: empirical and theoretical approaches. , 1982, Journal of motor behavior.

[799]  A. M. Gordon,et al.  Hysteresis in the force-calcium relation in muscle. , 1983, Science.

[800]  V. Casagrande,et al.  Advances in neural and behavioral development , 1985 .

[801]  Jason W. Brown Mind, brain, and consciousness : the neuropsychology of cognition , 1977 .

[802]  T. Richard Nichols,et al.  The Regulation of Muscle Stiffness , 1987 .

[803]  S Zeki,et al.  Parallelism and functional specialization in human visual cortex. , 1990, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[804]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Quantitative evaluation of the electromyographic responses to multidirectional load perturbations of the human arm. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[805]  Moshe Abeles,et al.  Corticonics: Neural Circuits of Cerebral Cortex , 1991 .

[806]  R. Näätänen,et al.  Foreperiod and simple reaction time. , 1981 .

[807]  R. Katz,et al.  Reversal in cutaneous control of Ib pathways during human voluntary contraction , 1982, Brain Research.

[808]  D. Pandya,et al.  Post‐rolandic cortical projections of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[809]  Professor Dr. John C. Eccles,et al.  The Cerebellum as a Neuronal Machine , 1967, Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

[810]  M Illert,et al.  Convergence on interneurones mediating the reciprocal Ia inhibition of motoneurones. I. Disynaptic Ia inhibition of Ia inhibitory interneurones. , 1976, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[811]  V. Dietz Human neuronal control of automatic functional movements: interaction between central programs and afferent input. , 1992, Physiological reviews.

[812]  S. Kosslyn,et al.  Why are What and Where Processed by Separate Cortical Visual Systems? A Computational Investigation , 1989, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience.

[813]  W T Thach,et al.  Basal ganglia motor control. III. Pallidal ablation: normal reaction time, muscle cocontraction, and slow movement. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[814]  L. Glass,et al.  Oscillation and chaos in physiological control systems. , 1977, Science.

[815]  R. Andersen,et al.  The role of the posterior parietal cortex in coordinate transformations for visual-motor integration. , 1988, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[816]  J. D. Watson,et al.  Effects of externally imposed elastic loads on the ability to estimate position and force , 1984, Behavioural Brain Research.

[817]  J. Abbs,et al.  Finger movement responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the dorsal skin of the human hand. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[818]  J F Stein,et al.  Cerebellar neuronal activity related to arm movements in trained rhesus monkeys. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[819]  R. Lemon,et al.  Corticospinal facilitation of hand muscles during voluntary movement in the conscious monkey. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[820]  Noam Chomsky Knowledge of language: its nature, origin, and use , 1988 .

[821]  A. Fuchs,et al.  Eye movements evoked by stimulation of frontal eye fields. , 1969, Journal of neurophysiology.

[822]  E. Schomburg Spinal sensorimotor systems and their supraspinal control , 1990, Neuroscience Research.

[823]  Idan Segev,et al.  Methods in neuronal modeling: From synapses to networks , 1989 .

[824]  J. Roll,et al.  [Perceptive and motor effects of muscular vibrations in the normal human: demonstration of a response by opposing muscles]. , 1980, Archives italiennes de biologie.

[825]  T. Nichols,et al.  Mechanical analysis of heterogenic inhibition between soleus muscle and the pretibial flexors in the cat. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[826]  S. Gandevia,et al.  Accuracy of weight estimation for weights lifted by proximal and distal muscles of the human upper limb. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[827]  N. Davey,et al.  Facilitation of individual gamma‐motoneurones by the discharge of single slowly adapting type 1 mechanoreceptors in cats. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[828]  Yong Yao,et al.  Model of biological pattern recognition with spatially chaotic dynamics , 1990, Neural Networks.

[829]  John W. Scott,et al.  Selected Writings of John Hughlings Jackson , 1959 .

[830]  B. Bergum,et al.  Attention and performance IX , 1982 .

[831]  E. Bizzi,et al.  Functional organization of the motor process underlying the transition from movement to posture , 1981, Brain Research.

[832]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Distribution of cerebellar terminations and their relation to other afferent terminations in the ventral lateral thalamic region of the monkey , 1983, Brain Research Reviews.

[833]  A. Lundberg,et al.  Reciprocal inhibition during the tonic stretch reflex in the decerebrate cat. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[834]  S. Grillner Locomotion in vertebrates: central mechanisms and reflex interaction. , 1975, Physiological reviews.

[835]  J. Houk,et al.  Sampling of total muscle force by tendon organs. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[836]  E. Taub,et al.  Movements in monkeys with deafferented forelimbs. , 1963, Experimental neurology.

[837]  P. Rakić,et al.  Heterogeneous afferents to the inferior parietal lobule of the rhesus monkey revealed by the retrograde transport method , 1977, Brain Research.

[838]  F. Horak,et al.  Influence of globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. I. Effects of kainic acid-induced lesions. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[839]  J. Bloedel,et al.  Classical conditioning of the eyeblink reflex in the decerebrate-decerebellate rabbit , 1990, Behavioural Brain Research.

[840]  S. Bouisset,et al.  Biomechanical study of the programming of anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement. , 1987, Journal of biomechanics.

[841]  J. Rafols,et al.  The neurons in the primate subthalamic nucleus: A Golgi and electron microscopic study , 1976, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[842]  D. J. Felleman,et al.  Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. , 1991, Cerebral cortex.

[843]  M. Jeannerod,et al.  The control of hand movements in a case of hemianaesthesia following a parietal lesion. , 1984, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[844]  A. L. Leiner,et al.  Reappraising the cerebellum: what does the hindbrain contribute to the forebrain? , 1989, Behavioral neuroscience.

[845]  R. Lal,et al.  Gating of retinal transmission by afferent eye position and movement signals. , 1989, Science.

[846]  D. Rogers,et al.  Disturbed proprioception following a period of muscle vibration in humans , 1985, Neuroscience Letters.

[847]  A. Lundberg,et al.  The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord. 5. Reciprocal organization of pathways transmitting excitatory action to alpha motoneurones of flexors and extensors. , 1967, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[848]  C. Capaday,et al.  The modulation of human reflexes during functional motor tasks , 1988, Trends in Neurosciences.

[849]  R. Quiroga,et al.  Chaos in Brain Function , 1990 .

[850]  V. Dietz,et al.  Compensation of translational and rotational perturbations in human posture: Stabilization of the centre of gravity , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.

[851]  E. Garcia-Rill The basal ganglia and the locomotor regions , 1986, Brain Research Reviews.

[852]  P. Matthews,et al.  Mammalian muscle receptors and their central actions , 1974 .

[853]  M M Mesulam,et al.  Large‐scale neurocognitive networks and distributed processing for attention, language, and memory , 1990, Annals of neurology.

[854]  J. Desmedt Motor control mechanisms in health and disease , 1983 .

[855]  J. F. Stein,et al.  Role of the cerebellum in the visual guidance of movement , 1986, Nature.

[856]  J. Paillard,et al.  [Persistent depression of the Achilles reflex following stretching of the sural triceps in man]. , 1955, Journal de physiologie.

[857]  V. Brooks Cerebellar functions in motor control. , 1984, Human neurobiology.

[858]  Masao Ito,et al.  Demonstration of zonal projections from the cerebellar flocculus to vestibular nuclei in monkeys (Macaca fuscata) , 1981, Neuroscience Letters.

[859]  J. B. Preston,et al.  Responses of cortical neurons (areas 3a and 4) to ramp stretch of hindlimb muscles in the baboon. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[860]  N. A. Borghese,et al.  Internal models of limb geometry in the control of hand compliance , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[861]  J. Iles,et al.  Inhibition of monosynaptic reflexes in the human lower limb. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[862]  T. Vilis,et al.  Characteristics of saccadic dysmetria in monkeys during reversible lesions of medial cerebellar nuclei. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[863]  P. Brotchie,et al.  A neural network model of neural activity in the monkey globus pallidus , 1991, Neuroscience Letters.

[864]  S. Rossignol,et al.  Phase-dependent modulation of primary afferent depolarization in single cutaneous primary afferents evoked by peripheral stimulation during fictive locomotion in the cat , 1990, Brain Research.

[865]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Microstimulation of the primate neostriatum. II. Somatotopic organization of striatal microexcitable zones and their relation to neuronal response properties. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[866]  J M Macpherson,et al.  Strategies that simplify the control of quadrupedal stance. II. Electromyographic activity. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[867]  R. Wurtz,et al.  Organization of monkey superior colliculus: enhanced visual response of superficial layer cells. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[868]  N Hogan,et al.  Planning and execution of multijoint movements. , 1988, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[869]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Muscle spindle response at the onset of isometric voluntary contractions in man. Time difference between fusimotor and skeletomotor effects , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[870]  R. Andersen,et al.  Saccade-related activity in the lateral intraparietal area. I. Temporal properties; comparison with area 7a. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[871]  J. Wolpaw Activity-Driven Cns Changes in Learning and Development , 1991 .

[872]  E. Fetz,et al.  Patterns of facilitation and suppression of antagonist forelimb muscles from motor cortex sites in the awake monkey. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[873]  J. Eccles An instruction-selection theory of learning in the cerebellar cortex , 1977, Brain Research.

[874]  M. D. Crutcher,et al.  Primate globus pallidus and subthalamic nucleus: functional organization. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[875]  D. Burke,et al.  Interactions between cutaneous and muscle afferent projections to cerebral cortex in man. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[876]  P. M. Pugh,et al.  The effect of 2,4‐dinitrophenol and related compounds on bile secretion , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[877]  F. J. Clark,et al.  Contributions of cutaneous and joint receptors to static knee-position sense in man. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[878]  J. F. Yang,et al.  Phase-dependent reflex reversal in human leg muscles during walking. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[879]  F. Plum Handbook of Physiology. , 1960 .

[880]  R. Godwin-Austen A case of visual disorientation. , 1965, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[881]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Neuronal population coding of movement direction. , 1986, Science.

[882]  A. Parent,et al.  Zonation in the rat cerebellar cortex: patches of high acetylcholinesterase activity in the granular layer are congruent with Purkinje cell compartments , 1988, Brain Research.

[883]  P. Gilbert A theory of memory that explains the function and structure of the cerebellum. , 1974, Brain research.

[884]  J. Rawson,et al.  Cortical projection of afferent information from tendon organs in the cat. , 1984, The Journal of physiology.

[885]  L. Jakobson,et al.  A neurological dissociation between perceiving objects and grasping them , 1991, Nature.

[886]  E. Jankowska,et al.  Post‐synaptic actions of midlumbar interneurones on motoneurones of hind‐limb muscles in the cat. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[887]  J F Soechting,et al.  Moving in three-dimensional space: frames of reference, vectors, and coordinate systems. , 1992, Annual review of neuroscience.

[888]  F. J. Clark Information signaled by sensory fibers in medial articular nerve. , 1975, Journal of neurophysiology.

[889]  K. Newell,et al.  Kinetic analysis of response variability , 1984 .

[890]  R. Porter,et al.  The natural discharges of Purkinje cells in paravermal regions of lobules V and VI of the monkey's cerebellum , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[891]  D. Pandya,et al.  Frontal lobe connections of the superior temporal sulcus in the rhesus monkey , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[892]  I. A. Boyd,et al.  Proprioceptive discharges from stretch‐receptors in the knee‐joint of the cat , 1953, The Journal of physiology.

[893]  R. Baxendale,et al.  The influence of joint afferent discharge on locomotion, proprioception and activity in conscious cats , 1985, Brain Research.

[894]  S. Wise,et al.  The premotor cortex of the monkey , 1982, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[895]  Carlo J. Deluc CONTROL PROPERTIES OF MOTOR UNITS , 1985 .

[896]  J. Stephen Judd,et al.  On the complexity of loading shallow neural networks , 1988, J. Complex..

[897]  KM Jacobs,et al.  Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections , 1991, Science.

[898]  L. Stark,et al.  Roles of the elements of the triphasic control signal , 1985, Experimental Neurology.

[899]  K. Cooke,et al.  Discrete delay, distributed delay and stability switches , 1982 .

[900]  E. Fetz,et al.  Response patterns and postspike effects of peripheral afferents in dorsal root ganglia of behaving monkeys. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[901]  C. Sherrington Flexion‐reflex of the limb, crossed extension‐reflex, and reflex stepping and standing , 1910, The Journal of physiology.

[902]  P. Matthews Proprioceptors and their contribution to somatosensory mapping: complex messages require complex processing. , 1988, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[903]  C. Pratt,et al.  Ia inhibitory interneurons and Renshaw cells as contributors to the spinal mechanisms of fictive locomotion. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[904]  B J Richmond,et al.  Temporal encoding of two-dimensional patterns by single units in primate inferior temporal cortex. II. Quantification of response waveform. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[905]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  The pattern of monosynaptic I a-connections to hindlimb motor nuclei in the baboon: a comparison with the cat , 1984, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[906]  Elliot Saltzman,et al.  Skilled actions: a task-dynamic approach. , 1987, Psychological review.

[907]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Anatomical evidence for segregated focal groupings of efferent cells and their terminal ramifications in the cerebellothalamic pathway of the monkey , 1983, Brain Research Reviews.

[908]  C. Romano,et al.  Reflex excitability of human soleus motoneurones during voluntary shortening or lengthening contractions. , 1987, The Journal of physiology.

[909]  D. Burke,et al.  Muscle spindle activity in man during shortening and lengthening contractions. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[910]  S. T. Kitai,et al.  A Golgi study of rat neostriatal neurons: Light microscopic analysis , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[911]  T. L. Harrington,et al.  Neural mechanisms of space vision in the parietal association cortex of the monkey , 1985, Vision Research.

[912]  V. Edgerton,et al.  Rapid ankle extension during paw shakes: selective recruitment of fast ankle extensors. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[913]  J. Cabelguen,et al.  Main characteristics of the hindlimb locomotor cycle in the decorticate cat with special reference to bifunctional muscles , 1980, Brain Research.

[914]  Paul Smolensky,et al.  Tensor Product Variable Binding and the Representation of Symbolic Structures in Connectionist Systems , 1990, Artif. Intell..

[915]  J. L. Taylor,et al.  Ability to detect angular displacements of the fingers made at an imperceptibly slow speed. , 1990, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[916]  M. Goldberg,et al.  Functional properties of corticotectal neurons in the monkey's frontal eye field. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[917]  H. Forssberg,et al.  Neurobiology of Early Infant Behaviour , 1989 .

[918]  G. Loeb,et al.  Feedback gains for correcting small perturbations to standing posture , 1991 .

[919]  A. Parent,et al.  Differential connections of caudate nucleus and putamen in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) , 1986, Neuroscience.

[920]  J. F. Soechting,et al.  Effect of load perturbations on EMG activity and trajectories of pointing movements , 1988, Brain Research.

[921]  A. Rossi,et al.  Changes in Ia reciprocal inhibition from the peroneal nerve to the soleus α-motoneurons with different static body positions in man , 1988, Neuroscience Letters.

[922]  P. Matthews,et al.  The sensitivity of muscle spindle afferents to small sinusoidal changes of length , 1969, The Journal of physiology.

[923]  A. Pellionisz Tensorial aspects of the multidimensional massively parallel sensorimotor function of neuronal networks. , 1988, Progress in brain research.

[924]  D. Stuart,et al.  Functional anatomy of the association between motor units and muscle receptors , 1978 .

[925]  A. Lundberg Multisensory control of spinal reflex pathways. , 1979, Progress in brain research.

[926]  H. Wigström,et al.  Maintained changes in motoneuronal excitability by short‐lasting synaptic inputs in the decerebrate cat. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[927]  T. Stoffer Attentional focussing and spatial stimulus-response compatibility , 1991, Psychological research.

[928]  W. Freeman,et al.  How brains make chaos in order to make sense of the world , 1987, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[929]  A. A. Skavenski,et al.  Eye movements elicited by electrical stimulation of area PG in the monkey. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[930]  S. Rossignol,et al.  An intracellular study of muscle primary afferents during fictive locomotion in the cat. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[931]  S. Mori Integration of posture and locomotion in acute decerebrate cats and in awake, freely moving cats , 1987, Progress in Neurobiology.

[932]  H. F. J. M. Buffart,et al.  Formal theories of visual perception , 1978 .

[933]  Yu Sato,et al.  Neuronal pathway from floccular caudal zone contributing to vertical eye movements in cats—role of group y nucleus of vestibular nuclei , 1984, Brain Research.

[934]  M. Hulliger,et al.  Afferent control of posture and locomotion. , 1989, Progress in brain research.

[935]  P. Roland Organization of motor control by the normal human brain. , 1984, Human neurobiology.

[936]  R. Devaney An Introduction to Chaotic Dynamical Systems , 1990 .

[937]  M. Yamashita,et al.  Trajectory of group Ia and Ib fibers from the hind‐limb muscles at the L3 and L4 segments of the spinal cord of the cat , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[938]  J. Cabelguen,et al.  Central and reflex participation in the timing of locomotor activations of a bifunctional muscle, the semi-tendinosus, in the cat , 1976, Brain Research.

[939]  J. Kaas,et al.  Reorganization of retinotopic cortical maps in adult mammals after lesions of the retina. , 1990, Science.

[940]  S. Keirstead,et al.  Monosynaptic projections of single muscle spindle afferents to neck motoneurons in the cat , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[941]  B. Murdock A Theory for the Storage and Retrieval of Item and Associative Information. , 1982 .

[942]  Eberhard E. Fetz,et al.  Neural networks controlling wrist movements , 1990, 1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks.

[943]  D. Ingle Visual Releasers of Prey-Catching Behavior in Frogs and Toads , 1968 .

[944]  J. Decety,et al.  Brain structures participating in mental simulation of motor behavior: a neuropsychological interpretation. , 1990, Acta psychologica.

[945]  Z. Hasan,et al.  Isometric torque-angle relationship and movement-related activity of human elbow flexors: implications for the equilibrium-point hypothesis. , 1985, Experimental brain research.

[946]  D. Burke,et al.  Effects of the Jendrassik manoeuvre on muscle spindle activity in man. , 1975, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[947]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Preparation for movement: neural representations of intended direction in three motor areas of the monkey. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[948]  C. Pratt,et al.  Renshaw cell activity and recurrent effects on motoneurons during fictive locomotion. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[949]  K. J. Cole,et al.  Kinematic and electromyographic responses to perturbation of a rapid grasp. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[950]  U. Proske,et al.  Aftereffects in the responses of cat muscle spindles and errors of limb position sense in man. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[951]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  Encoding of spatial location by posterior parietal neurons. , 1985, Science.

[952]  H. Hultborn,et al.  Recurrent inhibition of interneurones monosynaptically activated from group Ia afferents , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[953]  R. Johansson,et al.  Reflex origin for the slowing of motoneurone firing rates in fatigue of human voluntary contractions. , 1986, The Journal of physiology.

[954]  P. Brotchie,et al.  Motor function of the monkey globus pallidus. 1. Neuronal discharge and parameters of movement. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[955]  Keiji Tanaka,et al.  Polysensory properties of neurons in the anterior bank of the caudal superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[956]  J. Houk,et al.  Somatotopic alignment between climbing fiber input and nuclear output of the cat intermediate cerebellum , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[957]  W. Rall Time constants and electrotonic length of membrane cylinders and neurons. , 1969, Biophysical journal.

[958]  A. Lundberg,et al.  The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord. 1. Influence on transmission from primary afferents. , 1966, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[959]  D. P. Lloyd,et al.  Nature and significance of the reflex connections established by large afferent fibers of muscular origin. , 1952, The American journal of physiology.

[960]  E. Fetz,et al.  Encoding of motor parameters by corticomotoneuronal (CM) and rubromotoneuronal (RM) cells producing postspike facilitation of forelimb muscles in the behaving monkey , 1988, Behavioural Brain Research.

[961]  A. Gibson,et al.  Corticopontine visual projections in macaque monkeys , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[962]  J. Smith,et al.  Recovery and perturbation of paw-shake responses in spinal cats. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[963]  J. E. Burton,et al.  Interpositus neuron discharge in relation to a voluntary movement , 1977, Brain Research.

[964]  T. M. Hamm,et al.  On the function of muscle and reflex partitioning , 1989 .

[965]  S. Gandevia,et al.  Theoretical requirements for the interpretation of signals of intramuscular tension. , 1982, Journal of theoretical biology.

[966]  Mitsuo Kawato,et al.  Feedback-error-learning neural network for trajectory control of a robotic manipulator , 1988, Neural Networks.

[967]  D. McCrea,et al.  Pattern of ‘non‐reciprocal’ inhibition of motoneurones by impulses in group Ia muscle spindle afferents in the cat , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[968]  A. Lundberg,et al.  Interneurones in the spinal cord , 1981, Trends in Neurosciences.

[969]  A B Vallbo,et al.  Human muscle spindle response in a motor learning task. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[970]  E. Schmidt,et al.  Reexamination of the force relationship of cortical cell discharge patterns with conditioned wrist movements , 1975, Brain Research.

[971]  P. Grigg,et al.  Response of primate joint afferent neurons to mechanical stimulation of knee joint. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[972]  J. Sanes,et al.  Motor control in humans with large-fiber sensory neuropathy. , 1985, Human neurobiology.

[973]  T. Pinto-Hamuy,et al.  EFFECT OF FRONTAL LESIONS ON PERFORMANCE OF SEQUENTIAL TASKS BY MONKEYS. , 1965, Experimental neurology.

[974]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Pattern of cutaneous inhibition of the propriospinal‐like excitation to human upper limb motoneurones. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[975]  A. Hein,et al.  Neck muscle vibration modifies the representation of visual motion and direction in man. , 1988, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[976]  Martha Flanders,et al.  Sensory control of target acquisition , 1989, Trends in Neurosciences.

[977]  H. Ono,et al.  Four methods of locating the egocenter: A comparison of their predictive validities and reliabilities , 1979 .

[978]  D. Burke,et al.  Coupling between human muscle spindle endings and motor units assessed using spike-triggered averaging , 1986, Neuroscience Letters.

[979]  M. Critchley The parietal lobes , 1966 .

[980]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  Posterior parietal association cortex of the monkey: command functions for operations within extrapersonal space. , 1975, Journal of neurophysiology.

[981]  J. Hore,et al.  Changes in motor cortex neural discharge associated with the development of cerebellar limb ataxia. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[982]  A. Prochazka,et al.  Tendon organ firing during active muscle lengthening in awake, normally behaving cats. , 1984, The Journal of physiology.

[983]  B. Libet,et al.  Subjective referral of the timing for a conscious sensory experience: a functional role for the somatosensory specific projection system in man. , 1979, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[984]  L. Jordan,et al.  Excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in alpha-motoneurons produced during fictive locomotion by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[985]  H. Ross,et al.  Weber Fractions for Weight and Mass as a Function of Stimulus Intensity , 1987, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[986]  Patrick E. Crago,et al.  Optimal Control Of Muscle Stiffnesses For FNS Induced Arm Movements , 1991, Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Volume 13: 1991.

[987]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[988]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[989]  D. McCrea,et al.  Shared reflex pathways from Ib tendon organ afferents and Ia muscle spindle afferents in the cat. , 1983, The Journal of physiology.

[990]  R. Zernicke,et al.  Adaptive control for backward quadrupedal walking. I. Posture and hindlimb kinematics. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[991]  J. Houk,et al.  Relation between red nucleus discharge and movement parameters in trained macaque monkeys. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[992]  J. Stein,et al.  Representation of egocentric space in the posterior parietal cortex. , 1989, Quarterly journal of experimental physiology.

[993]  Stephen Grossberg,et al.  Adaptive neural networks for control of movement trajectories invariant under speed and force rescaling , 1991 .

[994]  M. Hulliger,et al.  The absence of position response in spindle afferent units from human finger muscles during accurate position holding. , 1982, The Journal of physiology.

[995]  V. Dietz,et al.  Compensation of human stance perturbations: Selection of the appropriate electromyographic pattern , 1991, Neuroscience Letters.

[996]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Descending control of reflex pathways in the production of voluntary isolated movements in man , 1983, Brain Research.

[997]  M. Slosberg Spinal learning: central modulation of pain processing and long-term alteration of interneuronal excitability as a result of nociceptive peripheral input. , 1990, Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics.

[998]  J. Kalaska,et al.  Cerebral cortical mechanisms of reaching movements. , 1992, Science.

[999]  R. Baxendale,et al.  The effect of knee joint afferent discharge on transmission in flexion reflex pathways in decerebrate cats. , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[1000]  S. Grillner,et al.  Visuomotor coordination in reaching and locomotion. , 1989, Science.

[1001]  Virginia A. Diggles,et al.  Control theories in motor behavior , 1982 .

[1002]  M. Ito A new physiological concept on cerebellum. , 1990, Revue neurologique.

[1003]  I. Tsuda A Hermeneutic Process of the Brain , 1984 .

[1004]  W. T. Thach Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. I. Nuclear cell output. , 1970, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1005]  D. Sparks,et al.  Dissociation of visual and saccade-related responses in superior colliculus neurons. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1006]  Emilio Bizzi,et al.  The coordination of eye and head movement during smooth pursuit , 1978, Brain Research.

[1007]  D. Burke,et al.  Reflex changes in muscle spindle discharge during a voluntary contraction. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1008]  E. G. Jones,et al.  Differential distribution of corticospinal projections from individual cytoarchitectonic fields in the monkey , 1977, Brain Research.

[1009]  S. Rossignol,et al.  An analysis of mechanisms controlling the reversal of crossed spinal reflexes , 1980, Brain Research.

[1010]  G. Edelman,et al.  The Mindful Brain: Cortical Organization and the Group-Selective Theory of Higher Brain Function , 1978 .

[1011]  R. Andersen,et al.  The thalamic relations of the caudal inferior parietal lobule and the lateral prefrontal cortex in monkeys: Divergent cortical projections from cell clusters in the medial pulvinar nucleus , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[1012]  I. Tsuda Chaotic itinerancy as a dynamical basis of hermeneutics in brain and mind , 1991 .

[1013]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: I. Parcellation of areas based on distinctive limbic and sensory corticocortical connections , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[1014]  C. M. Davis,et al.  Lifting movements in the size-weight illusion , 1976 .

[1015]  P. Matthews Evidence from the use of vibration that the human long‐latency stretch reflex depends upon spindle secondary afferents. , 1984, The Journal of physiology.

[1016]  E. Fetz,et al.  Sensory and motor responses of precentral cortex cells during comparable passive and active joint movements. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1017]  J. Houk An assessment of stretch reflex function. , 1976, Progress in brain research.

[1018]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Judgements about onset of rapid voluntary movements in man. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1019]  S. Palay,et al.  The Cerebellum—New Vistas , 1982 .

[1020]  M. Hoy,et al.  Contrasting roles of inertial and muscle moments at knee and ankle during paw-shake response. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1021]  P. Grobstein Between the retinotectal projection and directed movement: topography of a sensorimotor interface. , 1988, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[1022]  M. Alexander,et al.  Principles of Neural Science , 1981 .

[1023]  R. Ivry,et al.  The role of cerebellar structures in the execution of serial movements. , 1989, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1024]  C. Romano,et al.  Recurrent and reciprocal inhibition of the human monosynaptic reflex shows opposite changes following intravenous administration of acetylcarnitine. , 1991, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[1025]  D. Robinson Adaptive gain control of vestibuloocular reflex by the cerebellum. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1026]  M. Schieppati,et al.  Free and supported stance in Parkinson's disease. The effect of posture and 'postural set' on leg muscle responses to perturbation, and its relation to the severity of the disease. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1027]  A. Leventhal The neural basis of visual function , 1991 .

[1028]  David Zipser,et al.  Recurrent Network Model of the Neural Mechanism of Short-Term Active Memory , 1991, Neural Computation.

[1029]  V. Brooks,et al.  Effects of cooling interposed nuclei on tracking-task performance in monkeys. , 1973, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1030]  S. L. Liles Activity of neurons in putamen during active and passive movements of wrist. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1031]  R. Ryall,et al.  Excitation and inhibition of Renshaw cells by impulses in peripheral afferent nerve fibers. , 1971, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1032]  J. Tanji,et al.  Neuronal activity in cortical motor areas related to ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral digit movements of the monkey. , 1988, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1033]  A. Fuchs,et al.  Role of primate flocculus during rapid behavioral modification of vestibuloocular reflex. II. Mossy fiber firing patterns during horizontal head rotation and eye movement. , 1978, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1034]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Afferent discharge from human muscle spindles in non-contracting muscles. Steady state impulse frequency as a function of joint angle. , 1974, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[1035]  B. Kosko,et al.  Visual Structures and Integrated Functions , 1991, Research Notes in Neural Computing.

[1036]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  Organization of visual inputs to the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in macaques , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[1037]  Ken Goldberg,et al.  Neural Networks in Robotics , 1993 .

[1038]  E. Fetz,et al.  Effects of synchrony between primate corticomotoneuronal cells on post-spike facilitation of muscles and motor units , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.

[1039]  H. Bergman,et al.  Reversal of experimental parkinsonism by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus. , 1990, Science.

[1040]  Z. Pylyshyn,et al.  Vision and Action: The Control of Grasping , 1990 .

[1041]  S. Lisberger,et al.  Brain stem neurons in modified pathways for motor learning in the primate vestibulo-ocular reflex. , 1988, Science.

[1042]  Richard F. Thompson The neurobiology of learning and memory. , 1986, Science.

[1043]  M. Perenin,et al.  Optic ataxia: a specific disruption in visuomotor mechanisms. I. Different aspects of the deficit in reaching for objects. , 1988, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1044]  L. Stark,et al.  Disorders in cerebellar ocular motor control. I. Saccadic overshoot dysmetria. An oculographic, control system and clinico-anatomical analysis. , 1976, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1045]  D. Burke,et al.  Muscle spindle responses in man to changes in load during accurate position maintenance. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[1046]  M. Hulliger,et al.  Discharge in muscle spindle afferents related to direction of slow precision movements in man. , 1985, The Journal of physiology.

[1047]  J. Hore,et al.  Evidence that a disordered servo-like mechanism contributes to tremor in movements during cerebellar dysfunction. , 1986, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1048]  R. S. Woodworth,et al.  Zur Analyse der Unterschiedsempfindlichkeit , 1899 .

[1049]  D. Burke,et al.  Effect of training on voluntary activation of human fusimotor neurons. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1050]  K. Koketsu,et al.  Cholinergic and inhibitory synapses in a pathway from motor‐axon collaterals to motoneurones , 1954, The Journal of physiology.

[1051]  H. Heuer,et al.  Generation and modulation of action patterns , 1986 .

[1052]  Jean-Claude Latombe,et al.  Robot Motion Planning: A Distributed Representation Approach , 1991, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[1053]  M. S. Devanandan,et al.  A quantitative study of muscle spindles and tendon organs in some intrinsic muscles of the hand in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata) , 1983, The Anatomical record.

[1054]  M. Bonnard,et al.  Steady-state fluctuations of human walking , 1992, Behavioural Brain Research.

[1055]  D. Burke,et al.  Anticipation and fusimotor activity in preparation for a voluntary contraction. , 1980, The Journal of physiology.

[1056]  J. Wolpaw,et al.  Memory traces in spinal cord , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[1057]  P. Cheney,et al.  Characteristics of corticomotoneuronal postspike facilitation and reciprocal suppression of EMG activity in the monkey. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1058]  D. Gardner The neurobiology of neural networks , 1993 .

[1059]  H. Ross Motor skills under varied gravitoinertial force in parabolic flight. , 1991, Acta astronautica.

[1060]  W. Chambers,et al.  Differential effects of cerebellar anterior lobe cortex and fastigial nuclei on postural tonus in the cat. , 1951, Science.

[1061]  G. Loeb The Control and Responses of Mammalian Muscle Spindles During Normally Executed Motor Tasks , 1984, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[1062]  M. Sur,et al.  Disruption of retinogeniculate afferent segregation by antagonists to NMDA receptors , 1991, Nature.

[1063]  A. Keller,et al.  Long-term potentiation in the motor cortex. , 1989, Science.

[1064]  J. Hore,et al.  Behavior of human muscle receptors when reliant on proprioceptive feedback during standing. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1065]  O. Lippold,et al.  Long-latency spinal reflexes in humans. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1066]  D. Burke,et al.  Muscle spindle discharge in response to contraction of single motor units. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1067]  Eric L. Schwartz,et al.  Computational Neuroscience , 1993, Neuromethods.

[1068]  R. Stein Peripheral control of movement. , 1974, Physiological reviews.

[1069]  G. Shepherd The Synaptic Organization of the Brain , 1979 .

[1070]  T. G. Reeve,et al.  Compatibility Effects in the Assignment of Symbolic Stimuli to Discrete Finger Responses , 1985 .

[1071]  Terry Winograd,et al.  Understanding computers and cognition - a new foundation for design , 1987 .

[1072]  I. Engberg REFLEXES TO FOOT MUSCLES IN THE CAT. , 1964, Acta physiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum.

[1073]  R. Mackel,et al.  Sensorimotor performance of the hand during peripheral nerve regeneration , 1987, Journal of the Neurological Sciences.

[1074]  W. T. Thach,et al.  Purkinje cell activity during motor learning , 1977, Brain Research.

[1075]  G. Holmes,et al.  DISTURBANCES OF SPATIAL ORIENTATION AND VISUAL ATTENTION, WITH LOSS OF STEREOSCOPIC VISION , 1919 .

[1076]  C. Erkelens,et al.  Dependence of autogenic and heterogenic stretch reflexes on pre‐load activity in the human arm. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[1077]  Peter J. Beek,et al.  Physical and informational principles in modelling coordinated movements , 1991 .

[1078]  T. Powell,et al.  Connexions of the somatic sensory cortex of the rhesus monkey. II. Contralateral cortical connexions. , 1969, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1079]  P. Goldman-Rakic Topography of cognition: parallel distributed networks in primate association cortex. , 1988, Annual review of neuroscience.

[1080]  W. Rymer,et al.  Joint position sense: the effects of muscle contraction. , 1980, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1081]  E. Evarts,et al.  Motor Cortex control of finely graded forces. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1082]  Karl Johan Åström,et al.  Adaptive Control , 1989, Embedded Digital Control with Microcontrollers.

[1083]  M. Hallett,et al.  Motor learning in patients with cerebellar dysfunction. , 1990, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[1084]  G. Rizzolatti,et al.  Afferent properties of periarcuate neurons in macaque monkeys. II. Visual responses , 1981, Behavioural Brain Research.

[1085]  A. Keller,et al.  Long-term potentiation of thalamic input to the motor cortex induced by coactivation of thalamocortical and corticocortical afferents. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1086]  J. Lichtman,et al.  Anatomical basis of specific connections between sensory axons and motor neurons in the brachial spinal cord of the bullfrog , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[1087]  R. Leigh,et al.  Maturation of the vestibulo‐ocular reflex in normal infants during the first 2 months of life , 1989, Neurology.

[1088]  MICHAEL KUPERSTEIN,et al.  INFANT neural controller for adaptive sensory-motor coordination , 1991, Neural Networks.

[1089]  Masao Ito The role of the cerebellum during motor learning in the vestibulo-ocular reflex: different mechanisms in different species? , 1982, Trends in Neurosciences.

[1090]  Paul B. Johnson,et al.  Making arm movements within different parts of space: dynamic aspects in the primate motor cortex , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[1091]  W. Newsome,et al.  Deficits in visual motion processing following ibotenic acid lesions of the middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey , 1985, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[1092]  J. Rothwell Control of Human Voluntary Movement , 1994, Springer Netherlands.

[1093]  G. Percheron,et al.  A Golgi analysis of the primate globus pallidus. I. Inconstant processes of large neurons, other neuronal types, and afferent axons , 1984, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[1094]  T. Brandt,et al.  Disorders of posture and gait. , 1990, Journal of vestibular research : equilibrium & orientation.

[1095]  J. Bullier,et al.  Anatomical segregation of two cortical visual pathways in the macaque monkey , 1990, Visual Neuroscience.

[1096]  B. Bridgeman,et al.  The physiology of attention: participation of cat striate cortex in behavioral choice , 1989, Psychological research.

[1097]  Edmund T. Rolls,et al.  The relative advantages of sparse versus distributed encoding for associative neuronal networks in the brain , 1990 .

[1098]  A. Lundberg,et al.  Integrative pattern of Ia synaptic actions on motoneurones of hip and knee muscles , 1958, The Journal of physiology.

[1099]  I Kupfermann,et al.  Behavioral switching of biting and of directed head turning in Aplysia: explorations using neural network models. , 1992, Acta biologica Hungarica.

[1100]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  From Neuron to Action: An Appraisal of Fundamental and Clinical Research , 1991 .

[1101]  D. Ingle,et al.  The effect of viewing distance upon size preference of frogs for prey , 1977, Vision Research.

[1102]  C. Bard,et al.  Role of afferent information in the timing of motor commands: A comparative study with a deafferented patient , 1992, Neuropsychologia.

[1103]  J. Hore,et al.  Cerebellar dysmetria at the elbow, wrist, and fingers. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1104]  W. M. Rabinowitz,et al.  Manual discrimination and identification of length by the finger-span method , 1989, Perception & psychophysics.

[1105]  R. A. Davidoff Handbook of the spinal cord , 1983 .

[1106]  V. Dietz,et al.  Human postural reflexes and gravity — An under water simulation , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.

[1107]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Activity from skin mechanoreceptors recorded percutaneously in awake human subjects. , 1968, Experimental neurology.

[1108]  R. M. Beckstead,et al.  Striatal axons to the globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus and substantia nigra come mainly from separate cell populations in cat , 1986, Neuroscience.

[1109]  G. Loeb Hard lessons in motor control from the mammalian spinal cord , 1987, Trends in Neurosciences.

[1110]  J. Lynch The functional organization of posterior parietal association cortex , 1980, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[1111]  F. Crépel,et al.  Pairing of pre‐ and postsynaptic activities in cerebellar Purkinje cells induces long‐term changes in synaptic efficacy in vitro. , 1991, The Journal of physiology.

[1112]  James L. McClelland,et al.  Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1: foundations , 1986 .

[1113]  Steven W. Keele,et al.  Movement control in skilled motor performance. , 1968 .

[1114]  L. Jasmin,et al.  Distribution of external cuneate nucleus afferents to the cerebellum: II. Topographical distribution and zonal pattern‐an experimental study with radioactive tracers in the cat , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[1115]  Benjamin C. Kuo,et al.  AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS , 1962, Universum:Technical sciences.

[1116]  R. Lemon,et al.  The influence of changes in discharge frequency of corticospinal neurones on hand muscles in the monkey. , 1989, The Journal of physiology.

[1117]  M. Schieppati,et al.  Modulation of the Hoffmann reflex by rapid muscle contraction or release. , 1986, Human neurobiology.

[1118]  P. Strick Anatomical analysis of ventrolateral thalamic input to primate motor cortex. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1119]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  Corticospinal neurones. Their role in movement. , 1977, Monographs of the Physiological Society.

[1120]  B. Edin,et al.  Classification of human muscle stretch receptor afferents: a Bayesian approach. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1121]  E. Pierrot-Deseilligny,et al.  Evidence for non‐monosynaptic Ia excitation of human wrist flexor motoneurones, possibly via propriospinal neurones. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[1122]  Belen'kiĭ Ve,et al.  Control elements of voluntary movements , 1967 .

[1123]  H. Ross,et al.  The nature of sensorimotor adaptation to altered G-levels: evidence from mass discrimination. , 1987, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[1124]  P. Kennedy Corticospinal, rubrospinal and rubro-olivary projections: a unifying hypothesis , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[1125]  R. Hawkes,et al.  Zebrin II: A polypeptide antigen expressed selectively by purkinje cells reveals compartments in rat and fish cerebellum , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[1126]  M. Illert,et al.  Absence of recurrent axon collaterals in motoneurones to the extrinsic digit extensor muscles of the cat forelimb , 1991, Neuroscience Letters.

[1127]  D. McCloskey,et al.  Kinaesthetic signals and muscle contraction , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[1128]  K. Pearson,et al.  Inhibition of flexor burst generation by loading ankle extensor muscles in walking cats , 1980, Brain Research.

[1129]  V. Brooks,et al.  Effects of cooling dentate nucleus on tracking-task performance in monkeys. , 1973, Journal of neurophysiology.

[1130]  R. Porter Early facilitation at corticomotoneuronal synapses , 1970, The Journal of physiology.

[1131]  J. Bloedel,et al.  Selective involvement of the spinal trigeminal nucleus in the conditioned nictitating membrane reflex of the rabbit , 1991, Brain Research.