Somesthesis and the Neurobiology of the Somatosensory Cortex

[1]  D. Friedman.  Body Topography in the Second Somatic Sensory Area , 1981 .

[2]  J. Ochoa,et al.  Differential effect of compression-ischaemia block on warm sensation and heat-induced pain. , 1991, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[3]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Cerebral responses to pain in patients with atypical facial pain measured by positron emission tomography. , 1994, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[4]  M. Raichle,et al.  Blood flow changes in human somatosensory cortex during anticipated stimulation , 1995, Nature.

[5]  J. Hirsch,et al.  Representation of cutaneous tactile sensibility in cerebral cortex of Cebus. , 1958, Journal of neurophysiology.

[6]  H C Kwan,et al.  Spatial organization of precentral cortex in awake primates. II. Motor outputs. , 1978, Journal of neurophysiology.

[7]  K. Albus.  A quantitative study of the projection area of the central and the paracentral visual field in area 17 of the cat , 1975, Experimental Brain Research.

[8]  Mortimer Mishkin,et al.  Analogous neural models for tactual and visual learning , 1979, Neuropsychologia.

[9]  B L Whitsel,et al.  Mechanisms underlying somatosensory cortical dynamics: I. In vivo studies. , 1992, Cerebral cortex.

[10]  P. Rakic.  Specification of cerebral cortical areas. , 1988, Science.

[11]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  THE RELATION OF THALAMIC CELL RESPONSE TO PERIPHERAL STIMULI VARIED OVER AN INTENSIVE CONTINUUM. , 1963, Journal of neurophysiology.

[12]  D. Humphrey.  Representation of movements and muscles within the primate precentral motor cortex: historical and current perspectives. , 1986, Federation proceedings.

[13]  M Mishkin,et al.  Serial and parallel processing of tactual information in somatosensory cortex of rhesus monkeys. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[14]  Minami Ito,et al.  Columns for visual features of objects in monkey inferotemporal cortex , 1992, Nature.

[15]  K O Johnson,et al.  Neural mechanisms of spatial tactile discrimination: neural patterns evoked by braille‐like dot patterns in the monkey. , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[16]  E. G. Jones,et al.  Varieties and distribution of non‐pyramidal cells in the somatic sensory cortex of the squirrel monkey , 1975, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[17]  R. Reinking,et al.  "Sensory partitioning" of cat medial gastrocnemius muscle by its muscle spindles and tendon organs. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[18]  J. P. Jones,et al.  An evaluation of the two-dimensional Gabor filter model of simple receptive fields in cat striate cortex. , 1987, Journal of neurophysiology.

[19]  M. Rowe.  Organization of the Cerebral Cortex in Monotremes and Marsupials , 1990 .

[20]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Use-dependent alterations of movement representations in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys , 1996, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[21]  R. Klatzky,et al.  Identifying objects from a haptic glance , 1995, Perception & psychophysics.

[22]  K. O. Johnson,et al.  Human tactile pattern recognition: active versus passive touch, velocity effects, and patterns of confusion. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[23]  M. Hulliger,et al.  The responses of afferent fibres from the glabrous skin of the hand during voluntary finger movements in man. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[24]  Harold Burton,et al.  Second Somatosensory Cortex and Related Areas , 1986 .

[25]  U. Norrsell,et al.  Spatial cues serving the tactile directional sensibility of the human forearm. , 1994, The Journal of physiology.

[26]  Nikolaus M. Szeverenyi,et al.  Persistent pain inhibits contralateral somatosensory cortical activity in humans , 1992, Neuroscience Letters.

[27]  E P Gardner,et al.  Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and cortical single unit responses elicited by mechanical tactile stimuli in awake monkeys. , 1984, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[28]  M. Honda,et al.  Both primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area play an important role in complex finger movement. , 1993, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[29]  Jens Frahm,et al.  On the use of temporal correlation coefficients for magnetic resonance mapping of functional brain activation: Individualized thresholds and spatial response delineation , 1995, Int. J. Imaging Syst. Technol..

[30]  G. Edelman,et al.  Reentry and the problem of integrating multiple cortical areas: simulation of dynamic integration in the visual system. , 1992, Cerebral cortex.

[31]  L. Pubols,et al.  Somatotopic organization of spider monkey somatic sensory cerebral cortex , 1971, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[32]  N. Goto,et al.  Fifth somatosensory cortex (SV) representation of the whole body surface in the medial bank of the anterior suprasylvian sulcus of the cat , 1991, Neuroscience Research.

[33]  Mark Holliins,et al.  Perceptual dimensions of tactile surface texture: A multidimensional scaling analysis , 1993, Perception & psychophysics.

[34]  L. Krubitzer.  The organization of neocortex in mammals: are species differences really so different? , 1995, Trends in Neurosciences.

[35]  D. Hubel,et al.  Sequence regularity and geometry of orientation columns in the monkey striate cortex , 1974, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[36]  M. O'connor,et al.  Motor areas of the cerebral cortex , 1987 .

[37]  R A Koeppe,et al.  Positron emission tomographic analysis of cerebral structures activated specifically by repetitive noxious heat stimuli. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[38]  Ad Aertsen,et al.  Coding and Computation in the Cortex: Single-Neuron Activity and Cooperative Phenomena , 1992 .

[39]  K. O. Johnson,et al.  Evaluation of the relative roles of slowly and rapidly adapting afferent fibers in roughness perception. , 1994, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[40]  J. Kaas,et al.  Variability in hand surface representations in areas 3b and 1 in adult owl and squirrel monkeys , 1987, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[41]  W. M. Jenkins,et al.  Cortical Representational Plasticity: Some Implications for the Bases of Recovery from Brain Damage , 1992 .

[42]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: II. Evidence for segregated corticocortical networks linking sensory and limbic areas with the frontal lobe , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[43]  P. König,et al.  Correlated firing in sensory-motor systems , 1995, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[44]  F. Wörgötter,et al.  Spatiotemporal mechanisms in receptive fields of visual cortical simple cells: a model. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[45]  D. M. MacKay,et al.  Psychophysics of Perceived Intensity: A Theoretical Basis for Fechner's and Stevens' Laws , 1963, Science.

[46]  T. Powell,et al.  Connexions of the somatic sensory cortex of the rhesus monkey. 3. Thalamic connexions. , 1970, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[47]  G. Recanzone,et al.  Changes in the distributed temporal response properties of SI cortical neurons reflect improvements in performance on a temporally based tactile discrimination task. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[48]  J. Kaas,et al.  The relationship of corpus callosum connections to electrical stimulation maps of motor, supplementary motor, and the frontal eye fields in owl monkeys , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[49]  S. Aou,et al.  Increases in excitability of neurons of the motor cortex of cats after rapid acquisition of eye blink conditioning , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[50]  A. Kleinschmidt,et al.  Brain or veinoxygenation or flow? On signal physiology in functional MRI of human brain activation , 1994, NMR in biomedicine.

[51]  W. Welker,et al.  Microelectrode mapping of modality-specific somatic sensory cerebral neocortex in slow loris. , 1976, Brain, behavior and evolution.

[52]  V E Amassian,et al.  Mapping of motor cortex gyral sites non-invasively by transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal subjects and patients. , 1991, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. Supplement.

[53]  Vilayanur S. Ramachandran,et al.  Theories of Perception. , 1951 .

[54]  Serial processing in the somatosensory system of macaques , 1996 .

[55]  P. Latour.  Visual threshold during eye movements , 1962 .

[56]  A. Peters,et al.  Neuronal organization in area 17 of cat visual cortex. , 1993, Cerebral cortex.

[57]  M Kajola,et al.  Magnetoencephalographic localization of epileptic cortex—impact on surgical treatment , 1992, Annals of neurology.

[58]  D. Burke,et al.  Responses to passive movement of receptors in joint, skin and muscle of the human hand. , 1988, The Journal of physiology.

[59]  F. Sanides,et al.  Cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of sensorimotor and prefrontal regions and of bordering insular and limbic fields in slow loris (Nycticebus coucang coucang). , 1967, Journal fur Hirnforschung.

[60]  S. Lederman.  The perception of surface roughness by active and passive touch , 1981 .

[61]  J. T. Massey,et al.  Mental rotation of the neuronal population vector. , 1989, Science.

[62]  M. Hulliger,et al.  The response of muscle spindle afferents during voluntary tracking movements in man. Load dependent servo assistance? , 1979, Brain Research.

[63]  Gerhard Werner,et al.  Functional Organization of the Somatosensory Cortex , 1973 .

[64]  M Nordin,et al.  Low‐threshold mechanoreceptive and nociceptive units with unmyelinated (C) fibres in the human supraorbital nerve. , 1990, The Journal of physiology.

[65]  M. Srinivasan,et al.  Tactile discrimination of shape: responses of slowly adapting mechanoreceptor afferents to a step stroked across the monkey fingerpad , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[66]  Edward G. Jones,et al.  Connectivity of the Primate Sensory-Motor Cortex , 1986 .

[67]  C. G. Phillips.  Corticomotoneuronal organization. Projection from the arm area of the baboon's motor cortex. , 1967, Archives of neurology.

[68]  M. Raichle,et al.  Mapping human somatosensory cortex with positron emission tomography. , 1987, Journal of neurosurgery.

[69]  H. Killackey,et al.  Organization of corticocortical connections in the parietal cortex of the rat , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[70]  S. S. Stevens.  On the psychophysical law. , 1957, Psychological review.

[71]  L. Krubitzer,et al.  Five topographically organized fields in the somatosensory cortex of the flying fox: Microelectrode maps, myeloarchitecture, and cortical modules , 1992, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[72]  J. Kaas,et al.  Regional segregation of neurons responding to quickly adapting, slowly adapting, deep and pacinian receptors within thalamic ventroposterior lateral and ventroposterior inferior nuclei in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) , 1981, Neuroscience.

[73]  R. S. Waters,et al.  Topographic organization of baboon primary motor cortex: face, hand, forelimb, and shoulder representation. , 1990, Somatosensory & motor research.

[74]  Okihide Hikosaka,et al.  Overlapping representation of fingers in the somatosensory cortex (area 2) of the conscious monkey , 1980, Brain Research.

[75]  Jon H. Kaas,et al.  The somatosensory cortex , 1996 .

[76]  R. Johansson,et al.  Twitch properties of human thenar motor units measured in response to intraneural motor-axon stimulation. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[77]  Eleanor Rosch,et al.  Principles of Categorization , 1978 .

[78]  N W Daw,et al.  The role of NMDA receptors in information processing. , 1993, Annual review of neuroscience.

[79]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Plasticity in the frequency representation of primary auditory cortex following discrimination training in adult owl monkeys , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[80]  Christian Bohm,et al.  Somatosensory Discrimination of Shape: Tactile Exploration and Cerebral Activation , 1991, The European journal of neuroscience.

[81]  D. McCloskey,et al.  The contribution of muscle afferents to kinaesthesia shown by vibration induced illusions of movement and by the effects of paralysing joint afferents. , 1972, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[82]  J. Kalaska,et al.  Tactile activity in primate primary somatosensory cortex during active arm movements: cytoarchitectonic distribution. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[83]  L. Kaufman,et al.  Somatically Evoked Magnetic Fields of the Human Brain , 1978, Science.

[84]  S. Wise.  Monkey motor cortex: movements, muscles, motoneurons and metrics , 1993, Trends in Neurosciences.

[85]  M Sur,et al.  Modular distribution of neurons with slowly adapting and rapidly adapting responses in area 3b of somatosensory cortex in monkeys. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[86]  E. G. Jones,et al.  Synapses of double bouquet cells in monkey cerebral cortex visualized by calbindin immunoreactivity , 1989, Brain Research.

[87]  M Hämäläinen,et al.  Neuromagnetic responses from the second somatosensory cortex in man , 1983, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.

[88]  J. H. Kaas,et al.  Ablations of areas 3a and 3b of monkey somatosensory cortex abolish cutaneous responsivity in area 1 , 1990, Brain Research.

[89]  Alan C. Evans,et al.  Pain and activation in the thalamus , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[90]  M. Sur.  Receptive fields of neurons in areas 3b and 1 of somatosensory cortex in monkeys , 1980, Brain Research.

[91]  B. H. Pubols.  The second somatic sensory area (smII) of opossum neocortex , 1977, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[92]  D. Ferrington,et al.  Parallel processing of tactile information in the cerebral cortex of the cat: effect of reversible inactivation of SI on responsiveness of SII neurons. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[93]  M. Hollins,et al.  Vibrotactile adaptation enhances frequency discrimination. , 1994, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.

[94]  R. Hari,et al.  Magnetic mu rhythm in man , 1989, Neuroscience.

[95]  H Burton,et al.  Neuronal activity in the primary somatosensory cortex in monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during active touch of textured surface gratings: responses to groove width, applied force, and velocity of motion. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[96]  John F. Kalaska,et al.  Spatial coding of movement: A hypothesis concerning the coding of movement direction by motor cortical populations , 1983 .

[97]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  An organizing principle for cerebral function : the unit module and the distributed system , 1978 .

[98]  W. Singer.  Synchronization of cortical activity and its putative role in information processing and learning. , 1993, Annual review of physiology.

[99]  G. Edelman,et al.  Reentrant signaling among simulated neuronal groups leads to coherency in their oscillatory activity. , 1989, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[100]  C. Woolsey,et al.  Contralateral, ipsilateral, and bilateral representation of cutaneous receptors in somatic areas I and II of the cerebral cortex of pig, sheep, and other mammals. , 1946, Surgery.

[101]  B. O'Brien,et al.  Vision and resolution in the central retina. , 1951, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[102]  D. Stuart,et al.  Functional anatomy of the association between motor units and muscle receptors , 1978 .

[103]  D. Kelly,et al.  Minicolumnar organization within somatosensory cortical segregates: II. Emergent functional properties. , 1994, Cerebral cortex.

[104]  J. Haight.  The general organization of somatotopic projections to SII cerebral neocortex in the cat. , 1972, Brain research.

[105]  H Asanuma,et al.  Identification of neurons producing long‐term potentiation in the cat motor cortex: Intracellular recordings and labeling , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[106]  K. A. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Topography, cytoarchitecture, and sulcal patterns in primary somatic sensory cortex (SmI) of the prosimian primate, Perodicticus potto , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[107]  D. Ferrington,et al.  Differential contributions to coding of cutaneous vibratory information by cortical somatosensory areas I and II. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[108]  H. Schaible,et al.  Responses of fine medial articular nerve afferents to passive movements of knee joints. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[109]  C E Chapman,et al.  Active versus passive touch: factors influencing the transmission of somatosensory signals to primary somatosensory cortex. , 1994, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology.

[110]  H. E. Torebjörk,et al.  Single unit sympathetic activity in human skin nerves during rest and various manoeuvres. , 1974, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[111]  I Hashimoto,et al.  Somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by air-puff stimuli generated by a new high-speed air control system. , 1987, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[112]  J. Houk,et al.  An evaluation of length and force feedback to soleus muscles of decerebrate cats. , 1970, Journal of neurophysiology.

[113]  J. Abbs,et al.  Finger movement responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the dorsal skin of the human hand. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[114]  R. Johansson,et al.  Predictive feed-forward sensory control during grasping and manipulation in man , 1993 .

[115]  K O Johnson,et al.  Tactile spatial resolution. I. Two-point discrimination, gap detection, grating resolution, and letter recognition. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[116]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Representation of slowly and rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the hand in Brodmann's areas 3 and 1 of Macaca mulatta. , 1972, Brain research.

[117]  D. Burke,et al.  Fibre function and perception during cutaneous nerve block. , 1975, Proceedings of the Australian Association of Neurologists.

[118]  L. Krubitzer,et al.  Connections of somatosensory cortex in megachiropteran bats: The evolution of cortical fields in mammals , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[119]  B. Whitsel,et al.  Differential contributions of spinal pathways to body representation in postcentral gyrus of Macaca mulatta. , 1974, Journal of neurophysiology.

[120]  R. Nudo,et al.  Descending pathways to the spinal cord, III: Sites of origin of the corticospinal tract , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[121]  T A Woolsey,et al.  Somatosensory, auditory and visual cortical areas of the mouse. , 1967, The Johns Hopkins medical journal.

[122]  B L Whitsel,et al.  Minicolumnar activation patterns in cat and monkey SI cortex. , 1993, Cerebral cortex.

[123]  J. Kaas,et al.  What, if anything, is SI? Organization of first somatosensory area of cortex. , 1983, Physiological reviews.

[124]  C. Robinson,et al.  Organization of the S II Parietal Cortex , 1981 .

[125]  L A Krubitzer,et al.  The somatosensory thalamus of monkeys: Cortical connections and a redefinition of nuclei in marmosets , 1992, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[126]  J. Kaas,et al.  The somatotopic organization of area 2 in macaque monkeys , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[127]  D. Cohen.  Magnetoencephalography: Evidence of Magnetic Fields Produced by Alpha-Rhythm Currents , 1968, Science.

[128]  R S Johansson,et al.  Force-frequency relationships of human thenar motor units. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[129]  Per E. Roland,et al.  Somatosensory detection of microgeometry, macrogeometry and kinesthesia after localized lesions of the cerebral hemispheres in man , 1987, Brain Research Reviews.

[130]  D. Simons,et al.  Somatotopic organization of the second somatosensory area (SII) in the cerebral cortex of the mouse. , 1986, Somatosensory research.

[131]  U. Norrsell,et al.  Observations on human tactile directional sensibility. , 1993, The Journal of physiology.

[132]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Reorganization of somatosensory area 3b representations in adult owl monkeys after digital syndactyly. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[133]  Arthur C. Guyton.  Basic neuroscience: Anatomy and physiology , 1987 .

[134]  G Schlaug,et al.  Subcortical origin of visuomotor apraxia. , 1995, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[135]  A. Iriki,et al.  Bilateral hand representation in the postcentral somatosensory cortex , 1994, Nature.

[136]  A P Georgopoulos,et al.  Motor cortical activity in a context-recall task. , 1995, Science.

[137]  L. Parkkonen,et al.  122-channel squid instrument for investigating the magnetic signals from the human brain , 1993 .

[138]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[139]  J. M. Ritchie,et al.  Non‐medullated fibres in the saphenous nerve which signal touch , 1957, The Journal of physiology.

[140]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  High-resolution optical imaging of functional brain architecture in the awake monkey. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[141]  Karl J. Friston,et al.  Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[142]  C. Woody,et al.  Changes in unit activity and thresholds to electrical microstimulation at coronal-pericruciate cortex of cat with classical conditioning of different facial movements. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[143]  E. Ribot-Ciscar,et al.  Vibration sensitivity of slowly and rapidly adapting cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the human foot and leg , 1989, Neuroscience Letters.

[144]  E. Bullmore,et al.  Society for Neuroscience Abstracts , 1997 .

[145]  V. Mountcastle.  Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat's somatic sensory cortex. , 1957, Journal of neurophysiology.

[146]  J C Craig,et al.  Attending to two fingers: Two hands are better than one , 1985, Perception & psychophysics.

[147]  S. Sternberg.  Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time experiments. , 1969, American scientist.

[148]  P. Goldman-Rakic,et al.  Posterior parietal cortex in rhesus monkey: I. Parcellation of areas based on distinctive limbic and sensory corticocortical connections , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[149]  J. B. Preston,et al.  Two representations of the hand in area 4 of a primate. I. Motor output organization. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[150]  R Salmelin,et al.  Bilateral activation of the human somatomotor cortex by distal hand movements. , 1995, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[151]  J D Greenspan,et al.  Anatomic evidence of nociceptive inputs to primary somatosensory cortex: Relationship between spinothalamic terminals and thalamocortical cells in squirrel monkeys , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[152]  B. Whitsel,et al.  Anterior parietal cortical topographic organization in macaque monkey: a reevaluation. , 1982, Journal of neurophysiology.

[153]  A P Georgopoulos,et al.  On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex , 1982, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[154]  Do spindle afferents monitor joint position in man? A study with active position holding , 1981, Brain Research.

[155]  Norman M. Weinberger,et al.  Classical conditioning rapidly induces specific changes in frequency receptive fields of single neurons in secondary and ventral ectosylvian auditory cortical fields , 1986, Brain Research.

[156]  R. Hallin,et al.  Identification of afferent C units in intact human skin nerves. , 1974 .

[157]  Xiaoqin Wang,et al.  Remodelling of hand representation in adult cortex determined by timing of tactile stimulation , 1995, Nature.

[158]  Norman M. Weinberger,et al.  Dynamic Modulation of the Auditory System by Associative Learning , 1988 .

[159]  L. Krubitzer,et al.  The organization and connections of somatosensory cortex in the Australian marsupial, brush tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) , 1993 .

[160]  M. Trulsson,et al.  Receptor encoding of moving tactile stimuli in humans. I. Temporal pattern of discharge of individual low-threshold mechanoreceptors , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[161]  Susan J. Lederman,et al.  Q’Hand: A fully automated apparatus for studying haptic processing of spatially distributed inputs , 1991 .

[162]  J. Semmes,et al.  Effects of cortical lesions on somatosensory tasks. , 1977, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[163]  Ageranioti-Bélanger Sa,et al.  Discharge properties of neurones in the hand area of primary somatosensory cortex in monkeys in relation to the performance of an active tactile discrimination task. II. Area 2 as compared to areas 3b and 1. , 1992 .

[164]  R. M. Siegel,et al.  Corticocortical connections of anatomically and physiologically defined subdivisions within the inferior parietal lobule , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[165]  G Tononi,et al.  Modeling perceptual grouping and figure-ground segregation by means of active reentrant connections. , 1991, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[166]  J. Kaas,et al.  Parallel thalamic activation of the first and second somatosensory areas in prosimian primates and tree shrews , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[167]  H. Burton,et al.  Second somatic sensory area in the cerebral cortex of cats: Somatotopic organization and cytoarchitecture , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[168]  J. Kaas,et al.  Double representation of the body surface within cytoarchitectonic area 3b and 1 in “SI” in the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) , 1978, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[169]  M. Srinivasan,et al.  Tactile discrimination of shape: responses of slowly and rapidly adapting mechanoreceptive afferents to a step indented into the monkey fingerpad , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[170]  B. Whitsel,et al.  Spatial organization of the peripheral input to area 1 cell columns. I. the detection of ‘segregates’ , 1988, Brain Research Reviews.

[171]  J. Johnson.  Comparative Development of Somatic Sensory Cortex , 1990 .

[172]  M. F. Shlesinger,et al.  The brain as a dynamic physical system , 1994, Neuroscience.

[173]  S. Sternberg.  Retrieval of contextual information from memory , 1967 .

[174]  J. Olszewski.  The Thalamus of the Macaca Mulatta: An Atlas for Use with the Stereotaxic Instrument , 1952 .

[175]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  NEURAL ACTIVITY IN MECHANORECEPTIVE CUTANEOUS AFFERENTS: STIMULUS-RESPONSE RELATIONS, WEBER FUNCTIONS, AND INFORMATION TRANSMISSION. , 1965, Journal of neurophysiology.

[176]  R. B. Freeman.  The Apraxias, Purposeful Motor Behavior, and Left-Hemisphere Function , 1984 .

[177]  H. E. Torebjörk,et al.  Afferent C units responding to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli in human non-glabrous skin. , 1974, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[178]  W M Jenkins,et al.  Frequency discrimination training engaging a restricted skin surface results in an emergence of a cutaneous response zone in cortical area 3a. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[179]  R. Porter,et al.  Afferent input to movement-related precentral neurones in conscious monkeys , 1976, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[180]  J Hyvärinen,et al.  Influence of attentive behavior on neuronal responses to vibration in primary somatosensory cortex of the monkey. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[181]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  Some aspects of the functional organization of the cortex of the postcentral gyrus of the monkey: a correlation of findings obtained in a single unit analysis with cytoarchitecture. , 1959, Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

[182]  K. O. Johnson.  Neural mechanisms of tactual form and texture discrimination. , 1983, Federation proceedings.

[183]  E P Gardner,et al.  Spatial integration of multiple-point stimuli in primary somatosensory cortical receptive fields of alert monkeys. , 1980, Journal of Neurophysiology.

[184]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three- dimensional space. I. Relations between single cell discharge and direction of movement , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[185]  Ravi S. Menon,et al.  Functional brain mapping by blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast magnetic resonance imaging. A comparison of signal characteristics with a biophysical model. , 1993, Biophysical journal.

[186]  H Burton,et al.  Second somatic sensory cortical area (sii) in a prosimian primate, galago crassicaudatus , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[187]  G. Recanzone,et al.  Expansion of the cortical representation of a specific skin field in primary somatosensory cortex by intracortical microstimulation. , 1992, Cerebral cortex.

[188]  R. Porter,et al.  Relationship between the activity of precentral neurones during active and passive movements in conscious monkeys , 1976, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[189]  M. Carlson,et al.  Characteristics of sensory deficits following lesions of brodmann's areas 1 and 2 in the postcentral gyrus ofMacaca mulatta , 1981, Brain Research.

[190]  J. Kaas.  24 – Somatosensory System , 1990 .

[191]  E FRAUCHIGER,et al.  [COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY]. , 1895, Der Nervenarzt.

[192]  J. Kaas,et al.  Connections of area 2 of somatosensory cortex with the anterior pulvinar and subdivisions of the ventroposterior complex in macaque monkeys , 1985, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[193]  H. Freund,et al.  Sensorimotor disturbances in patients with lesions of the parietal cortex. , 1989, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[194]  P. Roland,et al.  Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man. , 1980, Journal of neurophysiology.

[195]  J. Kaas,et al.  Architectionis, somatotopic organization, and ipsilateral cortical connections of the primary motor area (M1) of owl monkeys , 1993, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[196]  C. Larson,et al.  In search of a tonic vibration reflex in the human lip , 1978, Brain Research.

[197]  G. Ojemann,et al.  Optical imaging of epileptiform and functional activity in human cerebral cortex , 1992, Nature.

[198]  H. R. Clemo,et al.  Somatosensory cortex: a ‘new’ somatotopic representation , 1982, Brain Research.

[199]  S. Lederman.  Tactile roughness of grooved surfaces: The touching process and effects of macro- and microsurface structure , 1974 .

[200]  Mara Fabri,et al.  Ipsilateral cortical connections of primary somatic sensory cortex in rats , 1991, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[201]  C. E. Chapman,et al.  The effects of cross-modal manipulations of attention on the detection of vibrotactile stimuli in humans. , 1991, Somatosensory & motor research.

[202]  C. Woolsey,et al.  OBSERVATIONS ON CORTICAL SOMATIC SENSORY MECHANISMS OF CAT AND MONKEY , 1941 .

[203]  V. Mountcastle,et al.  Neural mechanisms subserving cutaneous sensibility, with special reference to the role of afferent inhibition in sensory perception and discrimination. , 1959, Bulletin of the Johns Hopkins Hospital.

[204]  G. M. Murray,et al.  Parallel processing in rabbit first (SI) and second (SII) somatosensory cortical areas: effects of reversible inactivation by cooling of SI on responses in SII. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[205]  B. Edin,et al.  Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system. , 1995, The Journal of physiology.

[206]  W Richards,et al.  Encoding contour shape by curvature extrema. , 1986, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics and image science.

[207]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Cortical plasticity and memory , 1993, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[208]  N. Weinberger,et al.  Tuning characteristic-heterogeniety of constituent single units within auditory cortical cluster recordings , 1994 .

[209]  R S Johansson,et al.  Electrical signs of cortical involvement in the automatic control of grip force , 1994, Neuroreport.

[210]  T. Yoshioka,et al.  Neural mechanisms of tactual form and texture perception. , 1992, Annual review of neuroscience.

[211]  P. Roland,et al.  The Physiological Anatomy of a Single Brain Function: Somatosensory Discrimination of Shape , 1991 .

[212]  H H Kornhuber,et al.  A quantitative study of C‐mechanoreceptors in hairy skin of the cat. , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[213]  K. O. Johnson,et al.  Tactile spatial resolution. II. Neural representation of Bars, edges, and gratings in monkey primary afferents. , 1981, Journal of neurophysiology.

[214]  David P. Friedman,et al.  Representation pattern in the second somatic sensory area of the monkey cerebral cortex , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[215]  Riitta Hari,et al.  Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields: Mappings and the influence of the stimulus repetition rate , 1983 .

[216]  R. Johansson,et al.  Time‐varying enhancement of human cortical excitability mediated by cutaneous inputs during precision grip. , 1994, The Journal of physiology.

[217]  G. Essick,et al.  Receptor encoding of moving tactile stimuli in humans. II. The mean response of individual low-threshold mechanoreceptors to motion across the receptive field , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[218]  C. Robinson,et al.  Organization of somatosensory receptive fields in cortical areas 7b, retroinsula, postauditory and granular insula of M. fascicularis , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[219]  P. Strick,et al.  Medial wall motor areas and skeletomotor control , 1992, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[220]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Activity from skin mechanoreceptors recorded percutaneously in awake human subjects. , 1968, Experimental neurology.

[221]  J. Kaas,et al.  Ablations of areas 3b (SI proper) and 3a of somatosensory cortex in marmosets deactivate the second and parietal ventral somatosensory areas. , 1990, Somatosensory & motor research.

[222]  David P. Friedman,et al.  Physiological evidence for serial processing in somatosensory cortex. , 1987, Science.

[223]  Mark Tommerdahl,et al.  Mechanisms of Dynamic Peri- and Intra-columnar Interactions in Somatosensory Cortex: Stimulus-specific Contrast Enhancement by NMDA Receptor Activation , 1991 .

[224]  R. Hari,et al.  Functional Organization of the Human First and Second Somatosensory Cortices: a Neuromagnetic Study , 1993, The European journal of neuroscience.

[225]  M. Bushnell,et al.  The perception of painful and nonpainful stimuli during voluntary motor activity in man. , 1990, Somatosensory & motor research.

[226]  A. Keller,et al.  Long-term potentiation of thalamic input to the motor cortex induced by coactivation of thalamocortical and corticocortical afferents. , 1991, Journal of neurophysiology.

[227]  H. Burton,et al.  Ipsilateral cortical connections from the second and fourth somatic sensory areas in the cat , 1984, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[228]  H Burton,et al.  Somatotopographic organization in the second somatosensory area of M. fascicularis , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[229]  A W Toga,et al.  Mapping functional activity in rodent cortex using optical intrinsic signals. , 1994, Cerebral cortex.

[230]  J. Kaas,et al.  Organization of the S I Cortex , 1981 .

[231]  E. Perl,et al.  Primate cutaneous sensory units with unmyelinated (C) afferent fibers. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[232]  F E Bloom,et al.  Noninvasive somatosensory homunculus mapping in humans by using a large-array biomagnetometer. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[233]  J Hyvärinen,et al.  Receptive field integration and submodality convergence in the hand area of the post‐central gyrus of the alert monkey. , 1978, The Journal of physiology.

[234]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Neurophysiological correlates of hand preference in primary motor cortex of adult squirrel monkeys , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[235]  J F Disterhoft,et al.  Learning centers of rat brain mapped by measuring latencies of conditioned unit responses. , 1972, Journal of neurophysiology.

[236]  Pain and somatosensory activation , 1992, Trends in Neurosciences.

[237]  E C Wong,et al.  Processing strategies for time‐course data sets in functional mri of the human brain , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[238]  Ryuta Kawashima,et al.  A PET Study of Somatosensory Discrimination in Man. Microgeometry Versus Macrogeometry , 1994, The European journal of neuroscience.

[239]  J Pujol,et al.  [Functional MRI of the motor area]. , 1996, Neurologia.

[240]  U. Bellugi,et al.  Language, modality and the brain , 1989, Trends in Neurosciences.

[241]  J. Hyvärinen,et al.  Effects of attention on multiunit responses to vibration in the somatosensory regions of the monkey's brain. , 1982, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[242]  B. Edin.  Quantitative analysis of static strain sensitivity in human mechanoreceptors from hairy skin. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[243]  K. Johnson,et al.  Neural coding of tactile texture: comparison of spatial and temporal mechanisms for roughness perception , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[244]  A. Vallbo,et al.  Prediction of propagation block on the basis of impulse shape in single unit recordings from human nerves. , 1976, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[245]  R. Shepard,et al.  Mental Images and Their Transformations , 1982 .

[246]  G. Essick,et al.  Neural Population Encoding of Touch Intensity , 1991 .

[247]  Steven S. Hsiao,et al.  Neural mechanisms of tactile form recognition , 1995 .

[248]  R. Johansson,et al.  Corticospinal control during reach, grasp, and precision lift in man , 1995, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[249]  H Burton,et al.  Neuronal activity in the second somatosensory cortex of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during active touch of gratings. , 1993, Journal of neurophysiology.

[250]  M. Raichle,et al.  The role of cerebral cortex in the generation of voluntary saccades: a positron emission tomographic study. , 1985, Journal of neurophysiology.

[251]  A B Vallbo,et al.  The discharge behaviour of single vasoconstrictor motoneurones in human muscle nerves. , 1994, The Journal of physiology.

[252]  S. Wise.  Higher brain functions : recent explorations of the brain's emergent properties , 1987 .

[253]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Primate motor cortex and free arm movements to visual targets in three- dimensional space. II. Coding of the direction of movement by a neuronal population , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[254]  Jens Frahm,et al.  High‐resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging of cortical activation during tactile exploration , 1995 .

[255]  C. Woody,et al.  Properties of associative long-lasting potentiation induced by cellular conditioning in the motor cortex of conscious cats , 1991, Neuroscience.

[256]  J. Kaas,et al.  The relation of corpus callosum connections to architectonic fields and body surface maps in sensorimotor cortex of new and old world monkeys , 1983, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[257]  R. W. Rodieck.  Quantitative analysis of cat retinal ganglion cell response to visual stimuli. , 1965, Vision research.

[258]  J. Kaas,et al.  Corticocortical connections of area 2 of somatosensory cortex in macaque monkeys: A correlative anatomical and electrophysiological study , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[259]  D. J. Felleman,et al.  Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. , 1991, Cerebral cortex.

[260]  H. Groenewegen,et al.  The anatomical relationship of the prefrontal cortex with the striatopallidal system, the thalamus and the amygdala: evidence for a parallel organization. , 1990, Progress in brain research.

[261]  J. Kaas,et al.  Representation of the body surface in somatic koniocortex in the prosimian Galago , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[262]  RP Dum,et al.  Topographic organization of corticospinal projections from the frontal lobe: motor areas on the lateral surface of the hemisphere , 1993, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[263]  H Steinmetz,et al.  Correlational Imaging of Thalamocortical Coupling in the Primary Visual Pathway of the Human Brain , 1994, Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism.

[264]  M. Mishkin,et al.  Lesion-induced plasticity in the second somatosensory cortex of adult macaques. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[265]  C. Gonnella.  The Working Brain: An Introduction to Neuropsychology , 1976 .

[266]  A W Goodwin,et al.  Sinusoidal movement of a grating across the monkey's fingerpad: effect of contact angle and force of the grating on afferent fiber responses , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[267]  Mandayam A. Srinivasan,et al.  Encoding of Shape in the Responses of Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors , 1991 .

[268]  M. Sur,et al.  Representations of the body surface in postcentral parietal cortex of Macaca fascicularis , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[269]  J. Kaas,et al.  Consistent features of the representation of the hand in area 3b of macaque monkeys. , 1987, Somatosensory research.

[270]  David P. Friedman,et al.  Thalamic connectivity of the second somatosensory area and neighboring somatosensory fields of the lateral sulcus of the macaque , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[271]  W. Spencer,et al.  Cutaneous masking. II. Geometry of excitatory andinhibitory receptive fields of single units in somatosensory cortex of the cat. , 1979, Journal of neurophysiology.

[272]  M. Srinivasan,et al.  Tactual discrimination of softness. , 1995, Journal of neurophysiology.

[273]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  Projection from low-threshold muscle afferents of hand and forearm to area 3a of baboon's cortex. , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[274]  J. Disterhoft,et al.  Trial sequence of changed unit activity in auditory system of alert rat during conditioned response acquisition and extinction. , 1976, Journal of neurophysiology.

[275]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Alterations of the cortical representation of the rat ventrum induced by nursing behavior , 1994, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[276]  M Hämäläinen,et al.  Somatosensory evoked cerebral magnetic fields from SI and SII in man. , 1984, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[277]  M. Diamond,et al.  Demonstration of discrete place‐defined columns—segregates—in the cat SI , 1990, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[278]  D. Hubel,et al.  Uniformity of monkey striate cortex: A parallel relationship between field size, scatter, and magnification factor , 1974, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[279]  B. Edin,et al.  Dynamic response of human muscle spindle afferents to stretch. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[280]  K. A. Fitzpatrick,et al.  Organization of the hand area in the primary somatic sensory cortex (SmI) of the prosimian primate, Nycticebus coucang , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[281]  E. J. Morris,et al.  Visual motion processing and sensory-motor integration for smooth pursuit eye movements. , 1987, Annual review of neuroscience.

[282]  K. Zilles.  The parietal cortex of monkey and man , 1984 .

[283]  C. Walker,et al.  Somatotopic organization of Smll cerebral neocortex in albino rat. , 1972, Brain research.

[284]  J. Kaas,et al.  Representations of the body surface in cortical areas 3b and 1 of squirrel monkeys: Comparisons with other primates , 1982, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[285]  J. Kaas,et al.  Corticocortical and collateral thalamocortical connections of postcentral somatosensory cortical areas in squirrel monkeys: a double-labeling study with radiolabeled wheatgerm agglutinin and wheatgerm agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. , 1985, Somatosensory research.

[286]  James W. Pennebaker,et al.  The psychology of physical symptoms , 1982 .

[287]  J. Frahm,et al.  Functional MRI of human brain activation at high spatial resolution , 1993, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[288]  C. Sherrington,et al.  OBSERVATIONS ON THE EXCITABLE CORTEX OF THE CHIMPANZEE, ORANG‐UTAN, AND GORILLA , 1917 .

[289]  B. L. Zuber,et al.  Saccadic suppression: elevation of visual threshold associated with saccadic eye movements. , 1966, Experimental neurology.

[290]  M. Ahissar,et al.  Dependence of cortical plasticity on correlated activity of single neurons and on behavioral context. , 1992, Science.

[291]  Mara Fabri,et al.  Cortical areas within the lateral sulcus connected to cutaneous representations in areas 3b and 1: A revised interpretation of the second somatosensory area in macaque monkeys , 1995, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[292]  A. P. Georgopoulos,et al.  Neuronal population coding of movement direction. , 1986, Science.

[293]  R N Lemon,et al.  The development of cortico‐motoneuronal projections investigated using magnetic brain stimulation in the infant macaque. , 1992, The Journal of physiology.

[294]  C. Connor,et al.  Tactile roughness: neural codes that account for psychophysical magnitude estimates , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[295]  M D Binder,et al.  Topographic factors in distribution of homonymous group Ia-afferent input to cat medial gastrocnemius motoneurons. , 1984, Journal of neurophysiology.

[296]  J. Kaas,et al.  Areal distributions of cortical neurons projecting to different levels of the caudal brain stem and spinal cord in rats. , 1990, Somatosensory & motor research.

[297]  Christoph von der Malsburg,et al.  The Correlation Theory of Brain Function , 1994 .

[298]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Neural representations, experience, and change. , 1996 .

[299]  K. Lashley.  TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE FUNCTION OF THE GYRUS PRECENTRALIS IN PRIMATES , 1923 .

[300]  M. Raichle,et al.  Tactile-vibration-activated foci in insular and parietal-opercular cortex studied with positron emission tomography: mapping the second somatosensory area in humans. , 1993, Somatosensory & motor research.

[301]  I. Ohzawa,et al.  Receptive-field maps of correlated discharge between pairs of neurons in the cat's visual cortex. , 1994, Journal of neurophysiology.

[302]  D. Vicario,et al.  The control of rapid limb movement in the cat II. Scaling of isometric force adjustments , 1978, Experimental brain research.

[303]  C. G. Phillips,et al.  Selective excitation of corticofugal neurones by surface‐anodal stimulation of the baboon's motor cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[304]  B. Munger,et al.  The sensory innervation of primate facial skin. I. Hairy skin , 1983, Brain Research Reviews.

[305]  R. Bálint.  Seelenlähmung des “Schauens”, optische Ataxie, räumliche Störung der Aufmerksamkeit. pp. 67–81 , 1909 .

[306]  M. Abeles.  Local Cortical Circuits: An Electrophysiological Study , 1982 .

[307]  K O Johnson,et al.  A comparison of visual and two modes of tactual letter resolution , 1983, Perception & psychophysics.

[308]  M. Manosevitz,et al.  High-Speed Scanning in Human Memory , 2022 .

[309]  M. Merzenich,et al.  Repetitive microstimulation alters the cortical representation of movements in adult rats. , 1990, Somatosensory & motor research.

[310]  G L Shulman,et al.  Selective attention in vibrotactile tasks: Detecting the presence and absence of amplitude change , 1991, Perception & psychophysics.

[311]  D J Felleman,et al.  Somatotopic organization of the lateral sulcus of owl monkeys: Area 3b, s‐II, and a ventral somatosensory area , 1989, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[312]  Ehud Zohary,et al.  Correlated neuronal discharge rate and its implications for psychophysical performance , 1994, Nature.

[313]  M. Rowe,et al.  Organization of parallel projections from Pacinian afferent fibers to somatosensory cortical areas I and II in the cat. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[314]  David P. Friedman,et al.  Cortical connections of the somatosensory fields of the lateral sulcus of macaques: Evidence for a corticolimbic pathway for touch , 1986, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[315]  L A Krubitzer,et al.  The organization and connections of somatosensory cortex in marmosets , 1990, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[316]  M M Haglund,et al.  Optical imaging of bipolar cortical stimulation. , 1993, Journal of neurosurgery.

[317]  M. Srinivasan,et al.  Tactile detection of slip: surface microgeometry and peripheral neural codes. , 1990, Journal of neurophysiology.

[318]  R. B. Freeman,et al.  Cognition and Motor Processes , 1983 .

[319]  S S Hsiao,et al.  Spatial pattern representation and transformation in monkey somatosensory cortex. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[320]  M. Klein.  Parallel Distributed Processing , 1992 .

[321]  M. Raichle,et al.  A Stereotactic Method of Anatomical Localization for Positron Emission Tomography , 1985, Journal of computer assisted tomography.

[322]  C. Woody.  Understanding the cellular basis of memory and learning. , 1986, Annual review of psychology.

[323]  A. Gibson,et al.  Corticopontine visual projections in macaque monkeys , 1980, The Journal of comparative neurology.

[324]  B. Larsen,et al.  Activation of the supplementary motor area during voluntary movement in man suggests it works as a supramotor area. , 1979, Science.

[325]  P Bard,et al.  CORTICAL REPRESENTATION OF TACTILE SENSIBILITY AS INDICATED BY CORTICAL POTENTIALS. , 1937, Science.

[326]  R. Johansson,et al.  Tactile sensibility in the human hand: relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin. , 1979, The Journal of physiology.

[327]  A. M. Smith,et al.  Primary motor cortical responses to perturbations of prehension in the monkey. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[328]  R. Klatzky,et al.  Hand movements: A window into haptic object recognition , 1987, Cognitive Psychology.

[329]  D. Pandya,et al.  Architecture and Connections of Cortical Association Areas , 1985 .

[330]  W. Penfield,et al.  SOMATIC MOTOR AND SENSORY REPRESENTATION IN THE CEREBRAL CORTEX OF MAN AS STUDIED BY ELECTRICAL STIMULATION , 1937 .

[331]  A. Keller,et al.  Synaptic proliferation in the motor cortex of adult cats after long-term thalamic stimulation. , 1992, Journal of neurophysiology.

[332]  A. Aertsen,et al.  Response synchronization in the visual cortex , 1993, Current Opinion in Neurobiology.

[333]  R. Malenka,et al.  Velocity-dependent suppression of cutaneous sensitivity during movement , 1982, Experimental Neurology.

[334]  I. Kaufman.  The Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization of Function , 1951 .

[335]  J. Brobeck.  The Integrative Action of the Nervous System , 1948, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.