Component based computational model for bipedal locomotion

Bipedal locomotion has been an active area of research for many decades, it has wide ranging applications in the field of humanoid locomotion, as well as in the understanding of the biomechanics of normal human gait. Inherently human gait is a complex non-linear dynamic system, which is usually modeled by a set of differential equations satisfying a given set of constraints. In this paper an attempt has been made to view gait from the perspective of software engineering. In doing so, the entire gait cycle has been discretized into phases and sub-phases and modeled using a hybrid automaton, subsequently the automaton has been integrated with the BIP(Behavior, Interaction, Priority) framework, thereby creating a component based computational framework for modeling biped locomotion. The correctness of the developed model has been validated and verified through simulation runs in OpenSim. Modeling of human gait using Hybrid Automaton.Construction of atomic components to model human gait.Integration of the atomic components and the hybrid automata in the BIP (Behavior, Interaction, Priority) Framework.Modeling the interactions between the atomic components.Verification of the proposed model in OpenSim for both normal and crouch gait.

[1]  Joseph Sifakis,et al.  Modeling Heterogeneous Real-time Components in BIP , 2006, Fourth IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM'06).

[3]  Bart De Schutter,et al.  Modeling and Control of Legged Locomotion via Switching Max-Plus Models , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[4]  Gora Chand Nandi,et al.  Biologically-inspired push recovery capable bipedal locomotion modeling through hybrid automata , 2015, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[5]  Christopher G. Atkeson,et al.  Dynamic Balance Force Control for compliant humanoid robots , 2010, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[6]  J. M. Rosario,et al.  Simulation of hybrid system for reproducing bilateral gait through dynamic model , 2015, 2015 International Conference on Virtual Rehabilitation (ICVR).

[7]  J. Freidman,et al.  Multivariate adaptive regression splines , 1991 .

[8]  Joseph Sifakis,et al.  A Notion of Glue Expressiveness for Component-Based Systems , 2008, CONCUR.

[9]  Eric Kubica,et al.  Introduction of the Foot Placement Estimator: A Dynamic Measure of Balance for Bipedal Robotics , 2008 .

[10]  Dragomir N. Nenchev,et al.  Ankle and hip strategies for balance recovery of a biped subjected to an impact , 2008, Robotica.

[11]  Paulo Tabuada,et al.  First steps toward formal controller synthesis for bipedal robots , 2015, HSCC.

[12]  Joseph Sifakis,et al.  Automated conflict-free distributed implementation of component-based models , 2010, International Symposium on Industrial Embedded System (SIES).

[13]  Jun Morimoto,et al.  Learning Biped Locomotion , 2007, IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine.

[14]  Jing Liu,et al.  Bipedal walking with dynamic balance that involves three-dimensional upper body motion , 2016, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[15]  Vinutha Kallem,et al.  Rate of change of angular momentum and balance maintenance of biped robots , 2004, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA '04. 2004.

[16]  Luige Vladareanu,et al.  Dynamic Control of a Walking Robot Using the Versatile Intelligent Portable Robot Platform , 2015, 2015 20th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science.

[17]  Andreas G. Hofmann Robust execution of bipedal walking tasks from biomechanical principles , 2006 .

[18]  Dragos Axinte,et al.  Pre-gait analysis using optimal parameters for a walking machine tool based on a free-leg hexapod structure , 2015, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[19]  Aaron D. Ames,et al.  Correct Software Synthesis for Stable Speed-Controlled Robotic Walking , 2013, Robotics: Science and Systems.

[20]  A.D. Ames,et al.  Hybrid Routhian reduction of Lagrangian hybrid systems , 2006, 2006 American Control Conference.

[21]  Ayman Habib,et al.  OpenSim: Open-Source Software to Create and Analyze Dynamic Simulations of Movement , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering.

[22]  Joseph Sifakis A framework for component-based construction , 2005, Third IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM'05).

[23]  Christopher M. Schlick,et al.  Design and comparative evaluation of an iterative contact point estimation method for static stability estimation of mobile actively reconfigurable robots , 2015, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[24]  Joseph Sifakis,et al.  Translating AADL into BIP - Application to the Verification of Real-Time Systems , 2009, MoDELS.

[25]  Heiko Koziolek,et al.  FASA: a scalable software framework for distributed control systems , 2012, ISARCS '12.

[26]  T. Henzinger The theory of hybrid automata , 1996, LICS 1996.

[27]  Lorenzo Marconi,et al.  Developing an Aerial Manipulator Prototype: Physical Interaction with the Environment , 2014, IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine.

[28]  A. M. Lyapunov The general problem of the stability of motion , 1992 .

[29]  Joseph Sifakis,et al.  Rigorous Component-Based System Design Using the BIP Framework , 2011, IEEE Software.

[30]  Vijay Kumar,et al.  A partially observable hybrid system model for bipedal locomotion for adapting to terrain variations , 2013, HSCC '13.

[31]  Miomir Vukobratovic,et al.  Zero-Moment Point - Thirty Five Years of its Life , 2004, Int. J. Humanoid Robotics.