Subtle ways of shifting the balance in favor of between-group selection

[1]  R. Axelrod Effective Choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma , 1980 .

[2]  Richard D. Alexander,et al.  Darwinism and human affairs , 1979 .

[3]  M. Wade Soft Selection, Hard Selection, Kin Selection, and Group Selection , 1985, The American Naturalist.

[4]  Group selection models with population substructure based on social interaction networks , 1988 .

[5]  John Dupré,et al.  The Latest on the best : essays on evolution and optimality , 1987 .

[6]  David L. Hull,et al.  Science as a Process: An Evolutionary Account of the Social and Conceptual Development of Science, David L. Hull. 1988. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. 608 pages. ISBN: 0-226-35060-4. $39.95 , 1989 .

[7]  Jack P. Hailman,et al.  Man and Beast: Comparative Social Behavior , 1971 .

[8]  Lee Alan Dugatkin,et al.  Behavioral Ecology and Levels of Selection: Dissolving the Group Selection Controversy , 1994 .

[9]  D. Mccauley Extinction, Colonization, and Population Structure: A Study of a Milkweed Beetle , 1989, The American Naturalist.

[10]  H. Simon,et al.  A mechanism for social selection and successful altruism. , 1990, Science.

[11]  E. Smith,et al.  Evolutionary Ecology and Human Behavior , 1992 .

[12]  J. M. Smith Group Selection and Kin Selection , 1964, Nature.

[13]  J. Crow,et al.  General theory of population genetics: synthesis. , 1955, Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology.

[14]  David Sloan Wilson,et al.  The Natural Selection Of Populations And Communities , 1981 .

[15]  H. Leibenstein Individual Behavior and Economic Outcome. (Book Reviews: Beyond Economic Man. A New Foundation for Microeconomics) , 1976 .

[16]  G. Williams,et al.  Natural selection : domains, levels, and challenges. , 1994 .

[17]  V. Wynne-Edwards Evolution Through Group Selection , 1986 .

[18]  F. Breden,et al.  Selection Within and Between Social Groups for Infanticide , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[19]  D. Krebs,et al.  Sociobiology and psychology : ideas, issues, and applications , 1987 .

[20]  B. Wood Origin and evolution of the genus Homo , 1992, Nature.

[21]  David Walton,et al.  The Units of Selection and the Bases of Selection , 1991, Philosophy of Science.

[22]  Myxoma and group selection. , 1990 .

[23]  An Altruistic Model of the Rhizobium–Legume Association , 1989 .

[24]  P. Richerson,et al.  The evolution of reciprocity in sizable groups. , 1988, Journal of theoretical biology.

[25]  E. Eells,et al.  Probabilistic Causality and the Question of Transitivity , 1983, Philosophy of Science.

[26]  K. Macdonald Production, social controls, and ideology: Toward a sociobiology of the phenotype , 1983 .

[27]  G. Dover Molecular drive in multigene families: How biological novelties arise, spread and are assimilated , 1986 .

[28]  Scott A. Boorman,et al.  The Genetics of Altruism , 1981 .

[29]  Brian Charlesworth,et al.  A Note on the Evolution of Altruism in Structured Demes , 1979, The American Naturalist.

[30]  P. Consul,et al.  Conditions for genetic polymorphism in social hymentopera under selection at the colony level. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[31]  R. Boyd,et al.  No pure strategy is evolutionarily stable in the repeated Prisoner's Dilemma game , 1987, Nature.

[32]  Robert Ascher,et al.  The Human Revolution , 1992, Current Anthropology.

[33]  M. Wade,et al.  AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF GROUP SELECTION , 1977, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[34]  Howard Margolis,et al.  Selfishness, Altruism, and Rationality: A Theory of Social Choice , 1983 .

[35]  J. Crow,et al.  Group selection for a polygenic behavioral trait: estimating the degree of population subdivision. , 1984, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  Sandra L. Vehrencamp,et al.  A model for the evolution of despotic versus egalitarian societies , 1983, Animal Behaviour.

[37]  W. Kilmer,et al.  INTERDEMIC SELECTION AND THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISM: A COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDY , 1974, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[38]  D. Campbell On the conflicts between biological and social evolution and between psychology and moral tradition. , 1976, Zygon.

[39]  I. Eshel,et al.  On the founder effect and the evolution of altruistic traits. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[40]  G. B. Pollock,et al.  Population Viscosity and Kin Selection , 1983, The American Naturalist.

[41]  J K Kelly,et al.  Kin selection in density regulated populations. , 1992, Journal of theoretical biology.

[42]  George Williams Group Selection , 1971 .

[43]  E. Charnov The theory of sex allocation. , 1984, Monographs in population biology.

[44]  Jon Elster,et al.  Explaining technical change : a case study in the philosophy of science , 1985 .

[45]  H. Cronin,et al.  The ant and the peacock : altruism and sexual selection from Darwin to today , 1991 .

[46]  R. Dawkins,et al.  Replicator selection and the extended phenotype. , 2010, Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie.

[47]  All for one, one for all, that is our device , 1989, Nature.

[48]  Phenotypic evolution under gene-culture transmission in structured populations. , 1992, Journal of theoretical biology.

[49]  P. Richerson,et al.  Effect of phenotypic variation on kin selection. , 1980, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[50]  E. Reed GROUP SELECTION AND METHODOLOGICAL INDIVIDUALISM: A CRITICISM OF WATKINS , 1978, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science.

[51]  Group selection and kin selection. , 1991, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[52]  S. J. Arnold,et al.  ON THE MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL AND SEXUAL SELECTION: THEORY , 1984, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[53]  G. B. Pollock,et al.  Population structure, spite, and the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma , 1988 .

[54]  Gordon M. Burghardt Foundations of comparative ethology , 1985 .

[55]  Leticia Avilés,et al.  Sex-Ratio Bias and Possible Group Selection in the Social Spider Anelosimus eximius , 1986, The American Naturalist.

[56]  E. Sober,et al.  Reviving the superorganism. , 1989, Journal of theoretical biology.

[57]  Brian Skyrms,et al.  Darwin Meets the Logic of Decision: Correlation in Evolutionary Game Theory , 1994, Philosophy of Science.

[58]  M. Toro,et al.  Assortment of encounters in the two-strategy game , 1986 .

[59]  D. Wilson Holism and reductionism in evolutionary ecology , 1988 .

[60]  C. Darwin The descent of man, and Selection in relation to sex, Vol 1. , 1871 .

[61]  E. Wilson,et al.  Dense heterarchies and mass communication as the basis of organization in ant colonies. , 1988, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[62]  M. Whitlock,et al.  SOME POPULATION GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF COLONY FORMATION AND EXTINCTION: GENETIC CORRELATIONS WITHIN FOUNDING GROUPS , 1990, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[63]  J. P. Rushton,et al.  Genetic similarity, human altruism, and group selection , 1989, Behavioral and Brain Sciences.

[64]  Richard T. Hull,et al.  The Structure and Confirmation of Evolutionary Theory. , 1988 .

[65]  Hard-Core Darwinism Since 1859 , 1993, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[66]  F. Moog The functional differentiation of the small intestine. VIII. Regional differences in the alkaline phosphatases of the small intestine of the mouse from birth to one year. , 1961, Developmental biology.

[67]  M W Feldman,et al.  Theories of kin and group selection: a population genetics perspective. , 1980, Theoretical population biology.

[68]  Sewall Wright,et al.  GENIC AND ORGANISMIC SELECTION , 1980, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[69]  G. Price,et al.  Extension of covariance selection mathematics , 1972, Annals of human genetics.

[70]  F. Bookstein,et al.  A PATH‐ANALYTIC MODEL FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SELECTION ON MORPHOLOGY , 1989, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[71]  Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors , 1993 .

[72]  Group Selection in Predator-Prey Communities. (MPB-9), Volume 9 , 1975 .

[73]  Margaret Gilbert,et al.  Is an Agreement an Exchange of Promises , 1993 .

[74]  Group Selection and the Evolution of Myxomatosis , 1990 .

[75]  John K Kelly,et al.  RESTRICTED MIGRATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISM , 1992, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[76]  D. Wilson On the relationship between evolutionary and psychological definitions of altruism and selfishness , 1992 .

[77]  J R Peck Friendship and the evolution of co-operation. , 1993, Journal of theoretical biology.

[78]  R. D. Gray,et al.  Developmental Systems and Evolutionary Explanation , 1994 .

[79]  Kenichi Aoki,et al.  A CONDITION FOR GROUP SELECTION TO PREVAIL OVER COUNTERACTING INDIVIDUAL SELECTION , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[80]  S. Boorman,et al.  Group selection on the boundary of a stable population. , 1973, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[81]  Rom Harré,et al.  The Philosophy of evolution , 1981 .

[82]  D. Queller,et al.  Quantitative Genetics, Inclusive Fitness, and Group Selection , 1992, The American Naturalist.

[83]  Elliott Sober The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus , 1986 .

[84]  S. Gould,et al.  The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme , 1979, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[85]  W. Howells,et al.  The Fate of the "Classic" Neanderthals: A Consideration of Hominid Catastrophism [and Comments and Reply] , 1964, Current Anthropology.

[86]  I. Bernstein Current problems in sociobiology Edited by Kings College Sociobiology Group. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982, 394 pp. Hardback: £27.50, ISBN 0-521-24203-7. Paperback: £9.95, ISBN 0-521-28250-8 , 1984, Behavioural Processes.

[87]  Sandra D. Mitchell Competing Units of Selection?: A Case of Symbiosis , 1987, Philosophy of Science.

[88]  T. Settle ‘Fitness’ and ‘altruism’: Traps for the unwary, bystander and biologist alike , 1993 .

[89]  M. Uyenoyama Evolution of altruism under group selection in large and small populations in fluctuating environments , 1979 .

[90]  T. Ling,et al.  A History of Religion East and West , 1968 .

[91]  M. Wade,et al.  GROUP SELECTION: THE PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SMALL POPULATIONS , 1980, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[92]  P. Richerson,et al.  The evolution of indirect reciprocity , 1989 .

[93]  J M Smith,et al.  Evolution and the theory of games , 1976 .

[94]  M. Feldman,et al.  Population Genetic Theory of Kin Selection: A Two-Locus Model , 1985, The American Naturalist.

[95]  Stephen Jay Gould,et al.  Is a new and general theory of evolution emerging? , 1980, Paleobiology.

[96]  F. Ratnieks,et al.  The evolution of queen‐rearing nepotism in social Hymenoptera: Effects of discrimination costs in swarming species , 1991 .

[97]  Robert K. Colwell,et al.  EVOLUTION OF SEX RATIO IN STRUCTURED DEMES , 1981, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[98]  D. Hofstadter,et al.  Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid , 1979 .

[99]  Charles J Goodnight,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COMMUNITY EVOLUTION I: THE RESPONSE TO SELECTION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL , 1990, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[100]  V. Wynne-Edwards Animal dispersion in relation to social behaviour , 1962 .

[101]  J. Werren,et al.  Population Genetics of a Parasitic Chromosome: Theoretical Analysis of PSR in Subdivided Populations , 1993, The American Naturalist.

[102]  Ann L. Brown The Advancement of Learning , 1994 .

[103]  G. Williams Adaptation and Natural Selection. (Book Reviews: Adaptation and Natural Selection: A Critique of Some Current Evolutionary Thought) , 2018 .

[104]  D. A. King The Adaptive Significance of Tree Height , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[105]  E. Lloyd,et al.  Species selection on variability. , 1993, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[106]  S. Karlin,et al.  Models of Intergenerational Kin Altruism , 1987, The American Naturalist.

[107]  Mike Mesterton-Gibbons,et al.  Cooperation Among Unrelated Individuals: Evolutionary Factors , 1992, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[108]  M. Ridley The Red Queen: Sex and the Evolution of Human Nature , 1993 .

[109]  D. Wilson THE GROUP SELECTION CONTROVERSY: History and Current Status , 1983 .

[110]  R. Dawkins,et al.  The extended phenotype : the gene as the unit of selection , 1982 .

[111]  Steve Rayner,et al.  Egalitarian Behavior and Reverse Dominance Hierarchy [and Comments and Reply] , 1993, Current Anthropology.

[112]  N. Tennant,et al.  Philosophy, Evolution, and Human Nature , 1984 .

[113]  George R. Price,et al.  Selection and Covariance , 1970, Nature.

[114]  David M. Craig,et al.  GROUP SELECTION VERSUS INDIVIDUAL SELECTION: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[115]  Francis L. W. Ratnieks,et al.  Worker policing in the honeybee , 1989, Nature.

[116]  Margaret Gilbert Agreements, Coercion, and Obligation , 1993, Ethics.

[117]  M. Wade,et al.  GROUP SELECTION: THE GENETIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC BASIS FOR THE PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENTIATION OF SMALL POPULATIONS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM , 1980, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[118]  J. Werren The Paternal-Sex-Ratio Chromosome of Nasonia , 1991, The American Naturalist.

[119]  G. B. Pollock,et al.  Foraging specialization without relatedness or dominance among co-founding ant queens , 1989, Nature.

[120]  Alan R. Rogers,et al.  Group Selection by Selective Emigration: The Effects of Migration and Kin Structure , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[121]  C. Darwin The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex: INDEX , 1871 .

[122]  J. Lovelock Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth , 1979 .

[123]  Keith F. Otterbein,et al.  Violence and Sociality in Human Evolution [and Comments and Replies] , 1991, Current Anthropology.

[124]  Peter J. Richerson,et al.  Cultural transmission and the evolution of cooperative behavior , 1982 .

[125]  P. Taylor,et al.  Dispersal Rates Under Variable Patch Density , 1990, The American Naturalist.

[126]  R. Lewontin The Units of Selection , 1970, The Structure and Confirmation of Evolutionary Theory.

[127]  Richard E. Michod,et al.  The Theory of Kin Selection , 1982 .

[128]  Clark Spencer Larsen,et al.  Advances in dental anthropology , 1991 .

[129]  Elliott Sober,et al.  Artifact, Cause and Genic Selection , 1982, Philosophy of Science.

[130]  C. Brace,et al.  The Stages of Human Evolution , 1967 .

[131]  F. Ratnieks Reproductive Harmony via Mutual Policing by Workers in Eusocial Hymenoptera , 1988, The American Naturalist.

[132]  T. Seeley The honey bee colony as a superorganism. , 1989 .

[133]  A. Rogers,et al.  On Wright's mechanism for intergroup selection. , 1987, Journal of theoretical biology.

[134]  The evolution of social communication systems in a subdivided population. , 1991, Journal of theoretical biology.

[135]  Roger B. Myerson,et al.  Viscous Population Equilibria , 1991 .

[136]  S. Camazine,et al.  A model of collective nectar source selection by honey bees , 1991 .

[137]  H. Putnam Realism and Reason: Philosophical Papers , 1983 .

[138]  Religion, Society, and Utopia in Nineteenth-century America , 1984 .

[139]  James R. Griesemer,et al.  Laboratory models, causal explanation and group selection , 1988 .

[140]  John Orbell,et al.  Not me or thee but we: the importance of group identity in eliciting cooperation in dilemma situatio , 1988 .

[141]  ADAPTATION AND DISEASE , 1918 .

[142]  Altruism in sociobiology: a conceptual analysis , 1984 .

[143]  Nancy Cartwright,et al.  Probability and Causality: Why Hume and Indeterminism Don't Mix , 1988 .

[144]  Bruce G. Barnett,et al.  Effects of modeling on cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma game. , 1976 .

[145]  J. Woocher Sacred Survival: The Civil Religion of American Jews , 1986 .

[146]  G. Borgia,et al.  Group Selection, Altruism, and the Levels of Organization of Life , 1978 .

[147]  Reply to treisman , 1983 .

[148]  E. Wilson The Insect Societies , 1974 .

[149]  L. White,et al.  The Evolution of Culture , 1999 .

[150]  M J Wade,et al.  Group selection on a quantitative character. , 1978, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[151]  S. Stanley A theory of evolution above the species level. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[152]  S. J. Arnold,et al.  ON THE MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL AND SEXUAL SELECTION: APPLICATIONS , 1984, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[153]  Primate Behavior and Sociobiology , 1981, Proceedings in Life Sciences.

[154]  Timothy D. Johnston,et al.  The persistence of dichotomies in the study of behavioral development , 1987 .

[155]  Alexander Rosenberg,et al.  The structure of biological science , 1986 .

[156]  J. Haldane,et al.  The Causes of Evolution , 1933 .

[157]  J R Peck Group selection, individual selection, and the evolution of genetic drift. , 1992, Journal of theoretical biology.

[158]  L. Betzig Despotism and Differential Reproduction: A Darwinian View of History , 1986 .

[159]  J. Deneubourg,et al.  Collective patterns and decision-making , 1989 .

[160]  D. Wilson Levels of selection: An alternative to individualism in biology and the human sciences , 1989 .

[161]  F. Bercovitch,et al.  Coalitions, cooperation and reproductive tactics among adult male baboons , 1988, Animal Behaviour.

[162]  Elliott Sober,et al.  The evolution of altruism: Correlation, cost, and benefit , 1992 .

[163]  M. Feldman,et al.  On relatedness and adaptive topography in kin selection , 1981 .

[164]  M. Wade GENETIC VARIANCE FOR RATE OF POPULATION INCREASE IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF FLOUR BEETLES, TRIBOLIUM SPP. , 1991, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[165]  W. Hamilton Extraordinary Sex Ratios , 1967 .

[166]  C. Kenneth Waters,et al.  Tempered Realism about the Force of Selection , 1991, Philosophy of Science.

[167]  Kim Sterelny,et al.  The return of the Gene , 1988 .

[168]  A quantitative genetic model of reciprocal altruism: a condition for kin or group selection to prevail. , 1983, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[169]  L. Kohlberg Essays On Moral Development , 1981 .

[170]  Robert K. Colwell,et al.  Group selection is implicated in the evolution of female-biased sex ratios , 1981, Nature.

[171]  J. Crow,et al.  Group selection for a polygenic behavioral trait: a differential proliferation model. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[172]  William McDougall,et al.  Group Mind , 2022 .

[173]  M. Ghiselin,et al.  Coevolution: Genes, Culture, and Human Diversity , 1991, Politics and the Life Sciences.

[174]  M. Gilpin Group selection in predator-prey communities. , 1975, Monographs in population biology.

[175]  E. Wilson Sociobiology: The New Synthesis , 1976 .

[176]  M. Wade,et al.  EXTINCTION AND RECOLONIZATION: THEIR EFFECTS ON THE GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF LOCAL POPULATIONS , 1988, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[177]  Hutterites and Kibbutzniks: A Tale of Nepotistic Communism , 1988 .

[178]  G. Bell Group Selection in Structured Populations , 1978, The American Naturalist.

[179]  R. Frank,et al.  The evolution of one-shot cooperation: An experiment , 1993 .

[180]  D. Queller,et al.  A GENERAL MODEL FOR KIN SELECTION , 1992, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[181]  C. Wills Maintenance of Multiallelic Polymorphism at the MHC Region , 1991, Immunological reviews.

[182]  L. Cosmides,et al.  The Adapted mind : evolutionary psychology and the generation of culture , 1992 .

[183]  W. Eberhard Evolution in Bacterial Plasmids and Levels of Selection , 1990, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[184]  R. D. Alexander,et al.  A BIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF MORAL SYSTEMS , 1985 .

[185]  D. Wilson A theory of group selection. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[186]  D. Perusse Cultural and reproductive success in industrial societies: Testing the relationship at the proximate and ultimate levels , 1993 .

[187]  S. Frank,et al.  Dispersal polymorphisms in subdivided populations. , 1986, Journal of theoretical biology.

[188]  M. Wade Group selections among laboratory populations of Tribolium. , 1976, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[189]  M. Feldman,et al.  Behavior-dependent contexts for repeated plays of the Prisoner's Dilemma: II. Dynamical aspects of the evolution of cooperation. , 1987, Journal of theoretical biology.

[190]  A period of development: A response , 1988 .

[191]  I. L. Heisler,et al.  A Method for Analyzing Selection in Hierarchically Structured Populations , 1987, The American Naturalist.

[192]  W. Hamilton,et al.  The Evolution of Cooperation , 1984 .

[193]  C. Goodnight Intermixing Ability in Two-Species Communities of Tribolium Flour Beetles , 1991, The American Naturalist.

[194]  F. Waal,et al.  Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals , 1993 .

[195]  Margaret Gilbert On Social Facts , 1989 .

[196]  L. Nunney,et al.  THE MAINTENANCE OF SEX BY GROUP SELECTION , 1989, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[197]  M Slatkin,et al.  Coevolution in structured demes. , 1979, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[198]  Brian Charlesworth,et al.  Female-biased sex ratios , 1982, Nature.

[199]  E. Sober,et al.  Philosophy of Biology , 1993 .

[200]  T. Nickles Scientific discovery, case studies , 1980 .

[201]  Kim Sterelny,et al.  The illusory Riches of Sober's monism , 1990 .

[202]  L. Dugatkin,et al.  Rover: A Strategy for Exploiting Cooperators in a Patchy Environment , 1991, The American Naturalist.

[203]  J Tooby,et al.  Cytoplasmic inheritance and intragenomic conflict. , 1981, Journal of theoretical biology.

[204]  Marcus W. Feldman,et al.  The Evolution of Helping Behavior in Large, Randomly Mixed Populations , 1986, American Naturalist.

[205]  M. Hogg,et al.  Book Review: Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes , 1991 .

[206]  I. L. Heisler,et al.  Alternative formulations of multilevel selection , 1988 .

[207]  M. Wade Evolution of interference competition by individual, family, and group selection. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[208]  S. Gould Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History , 1989 .

[209]  J. Krebs,et al.  Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach , 1978 .

[210]  C. Hendrick,et al.  Group Processes and Intergroup Relations , 1987 .

[211]  L. Nunney,et al.  Group Selection, Altruism, and Structured-Deme Models , 1985, The American Naturalist.

[212]  D. Campbell ‘Downward Causation’ in Hierarchically Organised Biological Systems , 1974 .

[213]  Jim Moore The evolution of reciprocal sharing , 1984 .

[214]  I. Eshel On the founder effect and the evolution of altruistic traits: an ecogenetical approach. , 1977, Theoretical population biology.

[215]  Errors in the theory of the structured deme , 1983 .

[216]  L. R. Taylor,et al.  Natural Selection and Social Behaviour , 1982 .

[217]  S. Frank Hierarchical selection theory and sex ratios. I. General solutions for structured populations. , 1986, Theoretical population biology.

[218]  Robin E. Owen,et al.  Colony-level selection in the social insects: Single locus additive and nonadditive models , 1986 .

[219]  A. Rapoport,et al.  Generation of random series in two-person strictly competitive games , 1992 .

[220]  E. Lloyd Evaluation of Evidence in Group Selection Debates , 1986, PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association.

[221]  Robin I. M. Dunbar,et al.  Intergroup Aggression in Chimpanzees and Humans [and Comments and Replies] , 1991, Current Anthropology.

[222]  E. Leigh,et al.  Genes, bees and ecosystems: The evolution of a common interest among individuals. , 1991, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[223]  G. Hardin,et al.  The Tragedy of the Commons , 1968, Green Planet Blues.

[224]  C. Brace Structural Reduction in Evolution , 1963, The American Naturalist.

[225]  Captain Cook A hundred years ago , 1979, Nature.

[226]  Margaret Gilbert,et al.  Folk Psychology Takes Sociality Seriously , 1989 .

[227]  L. Partridge,et al.  Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology , 1991 .

[228]  K. Macdonald Mechanisms of sexual egalitarianism in Western Europe , 1990 .

[229]  Elliott Sober The Poverty of Pluralism: A Reply to Sterelny and Kitcher , 1990 .

[230]  Barry Shenker,et al.  Intentional Communities: Ideology and Alienation in Communal Societies , 1986 .

[231]  R. Axelrod More Effective Choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma , 1980 .

[232]  David Sloan Wilson,et al.  Structured Demes and Trait-Group Variation , 1979, The American Naturalist.

[233]  D. Haig,et al.  Genetic Conflicts in Human Pregnancy , 1993, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[234]  A. Rosenberg Coefficients, Effects, and Genic Selection , 1983, Philosophy of Science.

[235]  Marshall Sahlins,et al.  The use and abuse of biology : an anthropological critique of sociobiology , 1976 .

[236]  David Sloan Wilson,et al.  ALTRUISM IN MENDELIAN POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM SIBLING GROUPS: THE HAYSTACK MODEL REVISITED , 1987, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[237]  P. Richerson,et al.  Culture and the Evolutionary Process , 1988 .

[238]  A. Fix EVOLUTION OF ALTRUISM IN KIN‐STRUCTURED AND RANDOM SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS , 1985, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[239]  I. Eshel On the neighbor effect and the evolution of altruistic traits. , 1972, Theoretical population biology.

[240]  Deborah G. Mayo,et al.  Models of Group Selection , 1987, Philosophy of Science.

[241]  R. Frank Passions Within Reason: The Strategic Role of the Emotions , 1990 .

[242]  D. Wilson Evolution on the level of communities. , 1976, Science.

[243]  J. Dupré The disorder of things : metaphysical foundations of the disunity of science , 1994 .

[244]  D. Wilson Structured Demes and the Evolution of Group-Advantageous Traits , 1977, The American Naturalist.

[245]  Joel A. C. Baum,et al.  Evolutionary dynamics of organizations , 1996 .

[246]  W. Hamilton The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. , 1964, Journal of theoretical biology.

[247]  J. Cassidy Philosophical Aspects of the Group Selection Controversy , 1978, Philosophia Scientiæ.

[248]  M. Wade,et al.  SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUP RELATEDNESS: EVIDENCE FROM THE IMPORTED WILLOW LEAF BEETLE , 1988, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[249]  Lee Alan Dugatkin,et al.  Reciprocity and the emergence of reputation , 1992 .

[250]  W. Allee WHERE ANGELS FEAR TO TREAD: A CONTRIBUTION FROM GENERAL SOCIOLOGY TO HUMAN ETHICS. , 1943, Science.

[251]  A. Rapoport Ideological Commitments in Evolutionary Theories , 1991 .

[252]  A I Houston,et al.  Beyond the prisoner's dilemma: Toward models to discriminate among mechanisms of cooperation in nature. , 1992, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[253]  C. Packer,et al.  Cooperation and competition within coalitions of male lions: kin selection or game theory? , 1982, Nature.

[254]  Michael J. Wade,et al.  A Critical Review of the Models of Group Selection , 1978, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[255]  J R Peck The evolution of outsider exclusion. , 1990, Journal of theoretical biology.

[256]  William Rowan,et al.  The Study of Instinct , 1953 .

[257]  L. Nunney FEMALE‐BIASED SEX RATIOS: INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP SELECTION? , 1985, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[258]  E. Leigh,et al.  How does selection reconcile individual advantage with the good of the group? , 1977, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[259]  Robert N. Brandon,et al.  Adaptation and evolutionary theory , 1978 .

[260]  B. Zeigler On necessary and sufficient conditions for group selection efficacy. , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[261]  D. Hull Individuality and Selection , 1980 .

[262]  David L. Hull,et al.  A mechanism and its metaphysics: An evolutionary account of the social and conceptual development of science , 1988 .

[263]  L. Buss,et al.  The evolution of individuality , 1987 .

[264]  Ilan Eshel,et al.  The Three Brothers' Problem: Kin Selection with More than One Potential Helper. 1. The Case of Immediate Help , 1988, The American Naturalist.

[265]  J. Damuth,et al.  SELECTION AMONG “SPECIES”: A FORMULATION IN TERMS OF NATURAL FUNCTIONAL UNITS , 1985, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[266]  M. Dawkins,et al.  Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior , 1988 .

[267]  S. Wright Surfaces of Selective Value Revisited , 1988, The American Naturalist.

[268]  Leticia Avilés,et al.  Interdemic Selection and the Sex Ratio: A Social Spider Perspective , 1993, The American Naturalist.

[269]  V. Geist Life Strategies, Human Evolution, Environmental Design , 1978, Springer New York.

[270]  R. A. Fisher,et al.  The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection , 1931 .

[271]  Comment on Harpending's and Roger's model of intergroup selection. , 1988, Journal of theoretical biology.

[272]  David Sloan Wilson,et al.  Complex Interactions in Metacommunities, with Implications for Biodiversity and Higher Levels of Selection , 1992 .

[273]  C. Goodnight,et al.  EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF COMMUNITY EVOLUTION II: THE ECOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE RESPONSE TO COMMUNITY SELECTION , 1990, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[274]  J. Werren,et al.  POPULATION GENETICS OF A PARASITIC CHROMOSOME: EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF PSR IN SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS , 1992, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[275]  N. Franks Army Ants: A Collective Intelligence , 1989 .

[276]  K. Macdonald A perspective on Darwinian psychology: The importance of domain-general mechanisms, plasticity, and individual differences , 1991 .

[277]  M. Feldman,et al.  Darwinian selection and "altruism". , 1978, Theoretical population biology.

[278]  David C. Smith POPULATION STRUCTURE AND COMPETITION AMONG KIN IN THE CHORUS FROG (PSEUDACRIS TRISERIATA) , 1990, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[279]  M. Hogg,et al.  Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. , 1989 .

[280]  B. Skyrms Sex and justice , 1994 .

[281]  R. Burian,et al.  Genes, Organisms, Populations: Controversies Over the Units of Selection , 1986 .

[282]  John Orbell,et al.  Selfishness examined: Cooperation in the absence of egoistic incentives. , 1989 .

[283]  I. Bernstein,et al.  Primate ecology and human origins : ecological influences on social organization , 1979 .

[284]  M. Daly,et al.  Sex, evolution, and behavior , 1978 .

[285]  George C. Williams,et al.  Interactions: The Biological Context of Social Systems , 1992 .

[286]  D. Falconer,et al.  Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. , 1962 .

[287]  S. Gould,et al.  Exaptation—a Missing Term in the Science of Form , 1982, Paleobiology.

[288]  C. Goodnight THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION ON GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL SELECTION IN A CRESS , 1985, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[289]  H. Triandis Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. , 1989, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.

[290]  M. Wade GROUP SELECTION: MIGRATION AND THE DIFFERENTIATION OF SMALL POPULATIONS , 1982, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[291]  R. Lewontin,et al.  INTERACTION BETWEEN INVERSION POLYMORPHISMS OF TWO CHROMOSOME PAIRS IN THE GRASSHOPPER, MORABA SCURRA. , 1960 .

[292]  K. Macdonald Social and Personality Development: An Evolutionary Synthesis , 1988 .

[293]  M. Wade,et al.  Selection Within and between Kin Groups of the Imported Willow Leaf Beetle , 1989, The American Naturalist.

[294]  Elliott Sober,et al.  Optimality Models and the Test of Adaptationism , 1994, The American Naturalist.

[295]  R. Fagen,et al.  When Doves Conspire: Evolution of Nondamaging Fighting Tactics in a Nonrandom-Encounter Animal Conflict Model , 1980, The American Naturalist.

[296]  P J Richerson,et al.  Group selection among alternative evolutionarily stable strategies. , 1990, Journal of theoretical biology.

[297]  K. Macdonald Social and Personality Development , 1988 .

[298]  L. Hurst The evolution of cytoplasmic incompatibility or when spite can be successful. , 1991, Journal of theoretical biology.

[299]  S. Stanley,et al.  Macroevolution: Pattern and Process , 1980 .

[300]  David Sloan Wilson,et al.  A Critical Review of Philosophical Work on the Units of Selection Problem , 1994, Philosophy of Science.

[301]  Lee Alan Dugatkin,et al.  The evolution of the “Con Artist” , 1992 .

[302]  THE PRIMARY CHARACTERISTICS OF TRIBOLIUM POPULATIONS GROUP SELECTED FOR INCREASED AND DECREASED POPULATION SIZE , 1979, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[303]  David Sloan Wilson,et al.  Weak Altruism, Strong Group Selection , 1990 .

[304]  Jane Mansbridge,et al.  Beyond self-interest , 1991 .

[305]  S. Tax Evolution after Darwin , 1960 .

[306]  S. Jayakar,et al.  Conditions for the evolution of altruism under Darwinian selection. , 1976, Theoretical population biology.

[307]  L A Dugatkin,et al.  N-person games and the evolution of co-operation: a model based on predator inspection in fish. , 1990, Journal of theoretical biology.

[308]  R. Trivers The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism , 1971, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[309]  L. Chao,et al.  Structured habitats and the evolution of anticompetitor toxins in bacteria. , 1981, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[310]  Donald T. Campbell,et al.  A NATURALISTIC THEORY OF ARCHAIC MORAL ORDERS , 1991 .

[311]  Knowledge, Intent, and Morality in Darwin's World , 1988, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[312]  M. Gadgil Evolution of social behavior through interpopulation selection. , 1975, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[313]  Charles J. Goodnight,et al.  Contextual Analysis of Models of Group Selection, Soft Selection, Hard Selection, and the Evolution of Altruism , 1992, The American Naturalist.

[314]  J. M. Smith,et al.  Group Selection , 1976, The Quarterly Review of Biology.

[315]  R. Klein The human career : human biological and cultural origins , 1991 .

[316]  A. Grafen,et al.  Genetic scrambling as a defence against meiotic drive. , 1991, Journal of theoretical biology.

[317]  Napoleon A. Chagnon,et al.  Evolutionary biology and human social behavior: An anthropological perspective , 1979 .

[318]  E. Sober Screening-Off and the Units of Selection , 1992, Philosophy of Science.

[319]  G. B. Pollock,et al.  Suspending disbelief—of Wynne‐Edwards and his reception , 1989 .

[320]  D. Bridgeman The Nature of prosocial development : interdisciplinary theories and strategies , 1983 .

[321]  B. Knauft,et al.  Good Company and Violence: Sorcery and Social Action in a Lowland New Guinea Society , 1987 .

[322]  Evelyn Fox Keller,et al.  Keywords in evolutionary biology , 1994 .

[323]  S. Wright Evolution in mendelian populations , 1931 .

[324]  R. J. F. Smith,et al.  Evolution of Alarm Signals: Role of Benefits of Retaining Group Members or Territorial Neighbors , 1986, The American Naturalist.

[325]  E. Wilson Group Selection and Its Significance for Ecology , 1973 .

[326]  C. Batson The Altruism Question: Toward A Social-psychological Answer , 1991 .

[327]  M. Hoffman Is altruism part of human nature , 1981 .

[328]  J. Crow Genes that violate Mendel's rules. , 1979, Scientific American.

[329]  D. Campbell Comments on the sociobiology of ethics and moralizing. , 1979, Behavioral science.

[330]  J. Archer Human Sociobiology: Basic Concepts and Limitations , 1991 .

[331]  S. Frank DEMOGRAPHY AND SEX RATIO IN SOCIAL SPIDERS , 1987, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.