Amblyopia resulting from penalisation: neurophysiological studies of kittens reared with atropinisation of one or both eyes.

Atropinisation of the eyes--a clinical method of treating strabismus called "penalisation"--in developing kittens caused a reduction in the spatial resolving power of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus driven by the penalised eye, regardless of whether 1 eye or both eyes had been atropinised. However, binocularity of cells in the visual cortex was reduced only in monocularly penalised cats. It appears that sharply focused foveal images are important in the development of good visual acuity but synergy of the inputs to the 2 eyes is required for the development of binocular vision.

[1]  H. Ikeda,et al.  Different causes for amblyopia and loss of binocularity in squinting [proceedings]. , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[2]  Y. Fukada,et al.  Receptive field organization of cat optic nerve fibers with special reference to conduction velocity. , 1971, Vision research.

[3]  H Ikeda,et al.  Receptive field organization of ‘sustained’ and ‘transient’ retinal ganglion cells which subserve different functional roles , 1972, The Journal of physiology.

[4]  U. Yinon.  Age dependence of the effect of squint on cells in Kittens' visual cortex , 1976, Experimental Brain Research.

[5]  C. Blakemore.  The conditions required for the maintenance of binocularity in the kitten's visual cortex. , 1976, The Journal of physiology.

[6]  W. Levick,et al.  Sustained and transient neurones in the cat's retina and lateral geniculate nucleus , 1971, The Journal of physiology.

[7]  Factors involved in the production of amblyopia. , 1974 .

[8]  G. V. von Noorden,et al.  Histological studies of the visual system in monkeys with experimental amblyopia. , 1973, Investigative ophthalmology.

[9]  D. Hubel,et al.  EFFECTS OF VISUAL DEPRIVATION ON MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF CELLS IN THE CATS LATERAL GENICULATE BODY. , 1963, Journal of neurophysiology.

[10]  C. Enroth-Cugell,et al.  The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells of the cat , 1966, The Journal of physiology.

[11]  G. K. Noorden.  Histological Studies of the Visual System in Monkeys with Experimental Amblyopia , 1973 .

[12]  H. Ikeda,et al.  Nasal field loss in kittens reared with convergent squint: neurophysiological and morphological studies of the lateral geniculate nucleus , 1977, The Journal of physiology.

[13]  F. Duffy,et al.  Selective suppression of cerebral evoked potentials to patterned light in amblyopia ex anopsia. , 1969, Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology.

[14]  Peter Grigg,et al.  Effects of visual deprivation and strabismus on the response of neurons in the visual cortex of the monkey, including studies on the striate and prestriate cortex in the normal animal , 1974 .

[15]  D. Hubel,et al.  Binocular interaction in striate cortex of kittens reared with artificial squint. , 1965, Journal of neurophysiology.

[16]  C Blakemore,et al.  Experimental analysis of amblyopia and strabismus. , 1974, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[17]  U. Yinon,et al.  The ocular dominance of cortical neurons in cats developed with divergent and convergent squint , 1975, Vision Research.

[18]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[19]  H Ikeda,et al.  Differential effects of refractive errors and receptive field organization of central and peripheral ganglion cells. , 1972, Vision research.

[20]  M. Wright,et al.  Is amblyopia due to inappropriate stimulation of the "sustained" pathway during development? , 1974, The British journal of ophthalmology.