Online trajectory optimization to improve object recognition

We present an online trajectory optimization approach that optimizes a trajectory such that object recognition performance is improved. Inspired by prior work, we formulate the optimization as a derivative-free stochastic optimization, allowing us to express the cost function in an arbitrary way. The cost function is defined such that information acquisition of target objects is improved, while simultaneously moving towards the goal point. We show the evaluation of our approach on a quadrotor platform in simulation as well as on a real robot. The results show that by using an online optimization approach recognition accuracy is greatly improved, but more importantly the optimized trajectory reduces the uncertainty of the posterior class distribution greatly. Hence, verifying that the optimized trajectory collects more valuable information.

[1]  Nicholas Roy,et al.  Trajectory Optimization using Reinforcement Learning for Map Exploration , 2008, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[2]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  STOMP: Stochastic trajectory optimization for motion planning , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[3]  DenzlerJoachim,et al.  Information Theoretic Sensor Data Selection for Active Object Recognition and State Estimation , 2002 .

[4]  J. Whidborne,et al.  A multiobjective trajectory optimisation method for planning environmentally efficient trajectories , 2012, Proceedings of 2012 UKACC International Conference on Control.

[5]  Lucas Paletta,et al.  Active object recognition by view integration and reinforcement learning , 2000, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[6]  Vijay Kumar,et al.  Information-Theoretic Planning with Trajectory Optimization for Dense 3D Mapping , 2015, Robotics: Science and Systems.

[7]  Robert Eidenberger,et al.  Active perception and scene modeling by planning with probabilistic 6D object poses , 2010, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[8]  M. Dille Search and Pursuit with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Road Networks , 2013 .

[9]  Chonhyon Park,et al.  ITOMP: Incremental Trajectory Optimization for Real-Time Replanning in Dynamic Environments , 2012, ICAPS.

[10]  Dieter Fox,et al.  A large-scale hierarchical multi-view RGB-D object dataset , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[11]  Gaurav S. Sukhatme,et al.  Active Multi-view Object Recognition and Online Feature Selection , 2015, ISRR.

[12]  G LoweDavid,et al.  Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints , 2004 .

[13]  Charles Richter,et al.  Polynomial Trajectory Planning for Aggressive Quadrotor Flight in Dense Indoor Environments , 2016, ISRR.

[14]  P. Theodorakopoulos On autonomous target tracking for UAVs , 2009 .

[15]  Victor Ng-Thow-Hing,et al.  Fast smoothing of manipulator trajectories using optimal bounded-acceleration shortcuts , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[16]  George J. Pappas,et al.  Nonmyopic View Planning for Active Object Classification and Pose Estimation , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[17]  Siddhartha S. Srinivasa,et al.  CHOMP: Gradient optimization techniques for efficient motion planning , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[18]  Jean-Claude Latombe,et al.  Reliable confirmation of an object identity by a mobile robot: A mixed appearance/localization-driven motion approach , 2016, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[19]  Anil V. Rao,et al.  Trajectory Optimization: A Survey , 2014 .

[20]  Brian Raymond Geiger,et al.  Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory Planning with Direct Methods , 2009 .

[21]  Pieter Abbeel,et al.  Active exploration using trajectory optimization for robotic grasping in the presence of occlusions , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA).