Telerehabilitation robotics: bright lights, big future?

The potential for remote diagnosis and treatment over the Internet using robotics is now a reality. The state of the art is exemplified by several Internet applications, and we explore the current trends in developing new systems. We review the technical challenges that lie ahead, along with some potential solutions. Some promising results for a new bilateral system involving two InMotion2 robots are presented. Finally, we discuss the future direction and commercial outlook for rehabilitation robots over the next 15 years.

[1]  D.J. Reinkensmeyer,et al.  Web-based telerehabilitation for the upper extremity after stroke , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering.

[2]  N. Hogan,et al.  Robot-aided sensorimotor arm training improves outcome in patients with chronic stroke , 2003, Neurology.

[3]  Craig R. Carignan,et al.  Using robots for astronaut training , 2003 .

[4]  N. Hogan,et al.  Robot-Aided Neurorehabilitation: From Evidence-Based to Science-Based Rehabilitation , 2002, Topics in stroke rehabilitation.

[5]  Shigeyuki Hosoe,et al.  Cooperative control with haptic visualization in shared virtual environments , 2004, Proceedings. Eighth International Conference on Information Visualisation, 2004. IV 2004..

[6]  N. Tsagarakis,et al.  A 7 DOF pneumatic muscle actuator (pMA) powered exoskeleton , 1999, 8th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interaction. RO-MAN '99 (Cat. No.99TH8483).

[7]  J. Bongaarts United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division World Mortality Report 2005 , 2006 .

[8]  Tsuneo Yoshikawa,et al.  Ground-space bilateral teleoperation experiment using ETS-VII robot arm with direct kinesthetic coupling , 2001, Proceedings 2001 ICRA. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.01CH37164).

[9]  Grigore C. Burdea,et al.  Force and Touch Feedback for Virtual Reality , 1996 .

[10]  J.J. Palazzolo,et al.  Rehabilitation robotics: adapting robot behavior to suit patient needs and abilities , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference.

[11]  Linda Tickle-Degnen,et al.  Effects of Object Affordances on Movement Performance: A Meta-Analysis , 1998 .

[12]  N. Hogan,et al.  Comparison of Two Techniques of Robot-Aided Upper Limb Exercise Training After Stroke , 2004, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation.

[13]  D. Nelson,et al.  The Effect of Materials on Performance: A Kinematic Analysis of Eating , 1998 .

[14]  C. Granger,et al.  Trends in length of stay, living setting, functional outcome, and mortality following medical rehabilitation. , 2004, JAMA.

[15]  Makoto Sato,et al.  Effect of Coupling Haptics and Stereopsis on Depth Perception in Virtual Environment , 2000 .

[16]  Craig R. Carignan,et al.  Effects of time delay on telerobotic control of neutral buoyancy vehicles , 2002, Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292).

[17]  Craig R. Carignan,et al.  Cooperative control of virtual objects over the Internet using force-reflecting master arms , 2004, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2004. Proceedings. ICRA '04. 2004.

[18]  N. Hogan,et al.  A novel approach to stroke rehabilitation , 2000, Neurology.

[19]  Mark W. Spong,et al.  Bilateral control of teleoperators with time delay , 1988, Proceedings of the 1988 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics.

[20]  C. Carignan,et al.  Design of an arm exoskeleton with scapula motion for shoulder rehabilitation , 2005, ICAR '05. Proceedings., 12th International Conference on Advanced Robotics, 2005..

[21]  Neville Hogan,et al.  Impedance Control: An Approach to Manipulation , 1984, 1984 American Control Conference.

[22]  N. Hogan,et al.  Increasing productivity and quality of care: robot-aided neuro-rehabilitation. , 2000, Journal of rehabilitation research and development.

[23]  Cagatay Basdogan,et al.  An experimental study on the role of touch in shared virtual environments , 2000, TCHI.

[24]  D. Beevers,et al.  The atlas of heart disease and stroke , 2005, Journal of Human Hypertension.

[25]  C. Jadhav,et al.  A Low-Cost Framework for Individualized Interactive Telerehabilitation , 2004, The 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[26]  Hermano Igo Krebs,et al.  Rehabilitation Robotics: Performance-Based Progressive Robot-Assisted Therapy , 2003, Auton. Robots.

[27]  N. Hogan,et al.  Is robot-aided sensorimotor training in stroke rehabilitation a realistic option? , 2001, Current opinion in neurology.

[28]  N. Hogan,et al.  The effect of robot-assisted therapy and rehabilitative training on motor recovery following stroke. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[29]  Manuel Menezes de Oliveira Neto,et al.  Transatlantic Touch: A Study of Haptic Collaboration over Long Distance , 2004, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[30]  Yutaka Ishibashi,et al.  Group synchronization control for haptic media in networked virtual environments , 2004, 12th International Symposium on Haptic Interfaces for Virtual Environment and Teleoperator Systems, 2004. HAPTICS '04. Proceedings..

[31]  Grigore C. Burdea,et al.  A virtual-reality-based telerehabilitation system with force feedback , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine.

[32]  George A. Mensah,et al.  The atlas of heart disease and stroke , 2005 .

[33]  C.R. Carignan,et al.  An approach to designing software safety systems for rehabilitation robots , 2005, 9th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005..

[34]  N. Hogan,et al.  Effects of robotic therapy on motor impairment and recovery in chronic stroke. , 2003, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[35]  L. Tickle-Degnen,et al.  A kinematic study of contextual effects on reaching performance in persons with and without stroke: influences of object availability. , 2000, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[36]  John Kenneth Salisbury,et al.  The Intuitive/sup TM/ telesurgery system: overview and application , 2000, Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065).

[37]  Tetsuji Yoshida,et al.  "Skil Mate" wearable exoskeleton robot , 1999, IEEE SMC'99 Conference Proceedings. 1999 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Cat. No.99CH37028).

[38]  Jean-Jacques E. Slotine,et al.  Towards force-reflecting teleoperation over the Internet , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.98CH36146).

[39]  William Harwin,et al.  Robot Aided Therapy: Challenges Ahead for Upper Limb Stroke Rehabilitation , 2004 .

[40]  N. Hogan,et al.  Robot-aided neurorehabilitation. , 1998, IEEE transactions on rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

[41]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  What you can see is what you can feel-development of a visual/haptic interface to virtual environment , 1996, Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium.

[42]  Thomas H. Massie,et al.  The PHANToM Haptic Interface: A Device for Probing Virtual Objects , 1994 .

[43]  C Q Peterson,et al.  A comparison of performance in added-purpose occupations and rote exercise for dynamic standing balance in persons with hemiplegia. , 1996, The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association.

[44]  Woon-Sung Lee,et al.  A driving simulator as a virtual reality tool , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.98CH36146).

[45]  N. Hogan,et al.  Robotic therapy for chronic motor impairments after stroke: Follow-up results. , 2004, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[46]  N. Hogan,et al.  Robot training enhanced motor outcome in patients with stroke maintained over 3 years , 1999, Neurology.