Human-Aware Object Placement for Visual Environment Reconstruction

Humans are in constant contact with the world as they move through it and interact with it. This contact is a vital source of information for understanding 3D humans, 3D scenes, and the interactions between them. In fact, we demonstrate that these human-scene interactions (HSIs) can be leveraged to improve the 3D reconstruction of a scene from a monocular RGB video. Our key idea is that, as a person moves through a scene and interacts with it, we accumulate HSIs across multiple input images, and use these in optimizing the 3D scene to reconstruct a consistent, physically plausible, 3D scene layout. Our optimization-based approach exploits three types of HSI constraints: (1) humans who move in a scene are occluded by, or occlude, objects, thus constraining the depth ordering of the objects, (2) humans move throughfree space and do not interpenetrate objects, (3) when humans and objects are in contact, the contact surfaces occupy the same place in space. Using these constraints in an optimization formulation across all observations, we significantly improve 3D scene layout reconstruction. Furthermore, we show that our scene reconstruction can be used to refine the initial 3D human pose and shape (HPS) estimation. We evaluate the 3D scene layout reconstruction and HPS estimates qualitatively and quantitatively using the PROX and PiGraphs datasets. The code and data are available for research purposes at https://mover.is.tue.mpg.de.

[1]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Capturing and Inferring Dense Full-Body Human-Scene Contact , 2022, 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[2]  Kris Kitani,et al.  Occluded Human Mesh Recovery , 2022, 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[3]  Michael J. Black,et al.  GOAL: Generating 4D Whole-Body Motion for Hand-Object Grasping , 2021, 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[4]  Michael J. Black,et al.  ICON: Implicit Clothed humans Obtained from Normals , 2021, 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[5]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Putting People in their Place: Monocular Regression of 3D People in Depth , 2021, 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[6]  J. Kautz,et al.  GLAMR: Global Occlusion-Aware Human Mesh Recovery with Dynamic Cameras , 2021, 2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[7]  M. Nießner,et al.  Panoptic 3D Scene Reconstruction From a Single RGB Image , 2021, NeurIPS.

[8]  Marc Pollefeys,et al.  Learning Motion Priors for 4D Human Body Capture in 3D Scenes , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[9]  Christian Theobalt,et al.  Gravity-Aware Monocular 3D Human-Object Reconstruction , 2021, IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[10]  Angela Dai,et al.  TransformerFusion: Monocular RGB Scene Reconstruction using Transformers , 2021, NeurIPS.

[11]  Kris Kitani,et al.  Dynamics-Regulated Kinematic Policy for Egocentric Pose Estimation , 2021, NeurIPS.

[12]  Xiaolong Wang,et al.  Semi-Supervised 3D Hand-Object Poses Estimation with Interactions in Time , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[13]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  HuMoR: 3D Human Motion Model for Robust Pose Estimation , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[14]  Marc Pollefeys,et al.  H2O: Two Hands Manipulating Objects for First Person Interaction Recognition , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[15]  Michael J. Black,et al.  PARE: Part Attention Regressor for 3D Human Body Estimation , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[16]  Yashraj S. Narang,et al.  DexYCB: A Benchmark for Capturing Hand Grasping of Objects , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[17]  Xiaolong Wang,et al.  Hand-Object Contact Consistency Reasoning for Human Grasps Generation , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[18]  Kris Kitani,et al.  SimPoE: Simulated Character Control for 3D Human Pose Estimation , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[19]  M. Pollefeys,et al.  Holistic 3D Scene Understanding from a Single Image with Implicit Representation , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[20]  Jian Sun,et al.  End-to-End Human Object Interaction Detection with HOI Transformer , 2021, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[21]  Joachim Tesch,et al.  Populating 3D Scenes by Learning Human-Scene Interaction , 2020, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[22]  Ilija Radosavovic,et al.  Reconstructing Hand-Object Interactions in the Wild , 2020, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[23]  Serena Yeung,et al.  Holistic 3D Human and Scene Mesh Estimation from Single View Images , 2020, 2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[24]  Cewu Lu,et al.  CPF: Learning a Contact Potential Field to Model the Hand-Object Interaction , 2020, 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[25]  Dimitrios Tzionas,et al.  GRAB: A Dataset of Whole-Body Human Grasping of Objects , 2020, ECCV.

[26]  Vincent Leroy,et al.  DOPE: Distillation Of Part Experts for whole-body 3D pose estimation in the wild , 2020, ECCV.

[27]  Dimitrios Tzionas,et al.  Monocular Expressive Body Regression through Body-Driven Attention , 2020, ECCV.

[28]  Yan Zhang,et al.  PLACE: Proximity Learning of Articulation and Contact in 3D Environments , 2020, 2020 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV).

[29]  Deva Ramanan,et al.  Perceiving 3D Human-Object Spatial Arrangements from a Single Image in the Wild , 2020, ECCV.

[30]  Angela Dai,et al.  Mask2CAD: 3D Shape Prediction by Learning to Segment and Retrieve , 2020, ECCV.

[31]  Jin Xu,et al.  Whole-Body Human Pose Estimation in the Wild , 2020, ECCV.

[32]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  GHUM & GHUML: Generative 3D Human Shape and Articulated Pose Models , 2020, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[33]  Xiaowei Zhou,et al.  Coherent Reconstruction of Multiple Humans From a Single Image , 2020, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[34]  Andrea Vedaldi,et al.  Exemplar Fine-Tuning for 3D Human Model Fitting Towards In-the-Wild 3D Human Pose Estimation , 2020, 2021 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV).

[35]  Hanbyul Joo,et al.  PIFuHD: Multi-Level Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution 3D Human Digitization , 2020, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[36]  Xiaoguang Han,et al.  Total3DUnderstanding: Joint Layout, Object Pose and Mesh Reconstruction for Indoor Scenes From a Single Image , 2020, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[37]  Ross B. Girshick,et al.  PointRend: Image Segmentation As Rendering , 2019, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[38]  Michael J. Black,et al.  VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimation , 2019, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[39]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Generating 3D People in Scenes Without People , 2019, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[40]  Yinda Zhang,et al.  DIST: Rendering Deep Implicit Signed Distance Function With Differentiable Sphere Tracing , 2019, 2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[41]  Kostas Daniilidis,et al.  TexturePose: Supervising Human Mesh Estimation With Texture Consistency , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[42]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Learning to Reconstruct 3D Human Pose and Shape via Model-Fitting in the Loop , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[43]  Song-Chun Zhu,et al.  Holistic++ Scene Understanding: Single-View 3D Holistic Scene Parsing and Human Pose Estimation With Human-Object Interaction and Physical Commonsense , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[44]  Xiaochen Hu,et al.  FACSIMILE: Fast and Accurate Scans From an Image in Less Than a Second , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[45]  Dimitrios Tzionas,et al.  Resolving 3D Human Pose Ambiguities With 3D Scene Constraints , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[46]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Moulding Humans: Non-Parametric 3D Human Shape Estimation From Single Images , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[47]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Mesh R-CNN , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[48]  Gordon Wetzstein,et al.  Scene Representation Networks: Continuous 3D-Structure-Aware Neural Scene Representations , 2019, NeurIPS.

[49]  Iasonas Kokkinos,et al.  HoloPose: Holistic 3D Human Reconstruction In-The-Wild , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[50]  Hao Li,et al.  PIFu: Pixel-Aligned Implicit Function for High-Resolution Clothed Human Digitization , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[51]  Kostas Daniilidis,et al.  Convolutional Mesh Regression for Single-Image Human Shape Reconstruction , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[52]  Dimitrios Tzionas,et al.  Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body From a Single Image , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[53]  Nicolas Mansard,et al.  Estimating 3D Motion and Forces of Person-Object Interactions From Monocular Video , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[54]  Tao Yu,et al.  DeepHuman: 3D Human Reconstruction From a Single Image , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[55]  Jan Kautz,et al.  Putting Humans in a Scene: Learning Affordance in 3D Indoor Environments , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[56]  Charless C. Fowlkes,et al.  3D Scene Reconstruction With Multi-Layer Depth and Epipolar Transformers , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[57]  Richard A. Newcombe,et al.  DeepSDF: Learning Continuous Signed Distance Functions for Shape Representation , 2019, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[58]  Yaser Sheikh,et al.  OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation Using Part Affinity Fields , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[59]  Sebastian Nowozin,et al.  Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Space , 2018, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[60]  Yaser Sheikh,et al.  Monocular Total Capture: Posing Face, Body, and Hands in the Wild , 2018, 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[61]  Song-Chun Zhu,et al.  Cooperative Holistic Scene Understanding: Unifying 3D Object, Layout, and Camera Pose Estimation , 2018, NeurIPS.

[62]  Song-Chun Zhu,et al.  Holistic 3D Scene Parsing and Reconstruction from a Single RGB Image , 2018, ECCV.

[63]  Dacheng Tao,et al.  Deep Ordinal Regression Network for Monocular Depth Estimation , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[64]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Monocular 3D Pose and Shape Estimation of Multiple People in Natural Scenes: The Importance of Multiple Scene Constraints , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[65]  Matthias Nießner,et al.  State of the Art on 3D Reconstruction with RGB‐D Cameras , 2018, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[66]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  BodyNet: Volumetric Inference of 3D Human Body Shapes , 2018, ECCV.

[67]  Wei Liu,et al.  Pixel2Mesh: Generating 3D Mesh Models from Single RGB Images , 2018, ECCV.

[68]  Mathieu Aubry,et al.  A Papier-Mache Approach to Learning 3D Surface Generation , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[69]  Yaser Sheikh,et al.  Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodies , 2018, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[70]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  End-to-End Recovery of Human Shape and Pose , 2017, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[71]  Dimitrios Tzionas,et al.  Embodied hands , 2017, ACM Trans. Graph..

[72]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  PoseTrack: A Benchmark for Human Pose Estimation and Tracking , 2017, 2018 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[73]  James J. Little,et al.  A Simple Yet Effective Baseline for 3d Human Pose Estimation , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[74]  Ross B. Girshick,et al.  Mask R-CNN , 2017, 1703.06870.

[75]  Lourdes Agapito,et al.  Lifting from the Deep: Convolutional 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Image , 2017, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[76]  Ersin Yumer,et al.  Physically-Based Rendering for Indoor Scene Understanding Using Convolutional Neural Networks , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[77]  Ioannis A. Kakadiaris,et al.  3D Human pose estimation: A review of the literature and analysis of covariates , 2016, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[78]  Oisin Mac Aodha,et al.  Unsupervised Monocular Depth Estimation with Left-Right Consistency , 2016, 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[79]  Hamid Izadinia,et al.  IM2CAD , 2016, 1608.05137.

[80]  Peter V. Gehler,et al.  Keep It SMPL: Automatic Estimation of 3D Human Pose and Shape from a Single Image , 2016, ECCV.

[81]  Matthias Nießner,et al.  PiGraphs , 2016, ACM Trans. Graph..

[82]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  MoCap-guided Data Augmentation for 3D Pose Estimation in the Wild , 2016, NIPS.

[83]  Silvio Savarese,et al.  DeLay: Robust Spatial Layout Estimation for Cluttered Indoor Scenes , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[84]  Nassir Navab,et al.  Deeper Depth Prediction with Fully Convolutional Residual Networks , 2016, 2016 Fourth International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV).

[85]  Vincent Lepetit,et al.  Structured Prediction of 3D Human Pose with Deep Neural Networks , 2016, BMVC.

[86]  Abhinav Gupta,et al.  Marr Revisited: 2D-3D Alignment via Surface Normal Prediction , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[87]  Silvio Savarese,et al.  3D-R2N2: A Unified Approach for Single and Multi-view 3D Object Reconstruction , 2016, ECCV.

[88]  Denise R. McLane-Davison,et al.  Lifting , 2016, Physiotherapy.

[89]  Svetlana Lazebnik,et al.  Learning Informative Edge Maps for Indoor Scene Layout Prediction , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[90]  Michael J. Black,et al.  SMPL: A Skinned Multi-Person Linear Model , 2023 .

[91]  Jimmy Ba,et al.  Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization , 2014, ICLR.

[92]  Song-Chun Zhu,et al.  Scene Parsing by Integrating Function, Geometry and Appearance Models , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[93]  Silvio Savarese,et al.  Understanding Indoor Scenes Using 3D Geometric Phrases , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[94]  Charles A. Bouman,et al.  Statistical Methods for Image Segmentation and Tomography Reconstruction , 2010 .

[95]  Danica Kragic,et al.  Tracking people interacting with objects , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[96]  Derek Hoiem,et al.  Recovering the spatial layout of cluttered rooms , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[97]  T. Kanade,et al.  Geometric reasoning for single image structure recovery , 2009, 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[98]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  A Statistical Model of Human Pose and Body Shape , 2009, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[99]  Adrian Hilton,et al.  A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis , 2006, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[100]  Dragomir Anguelov,et al.  SCAPE: shape completion and animation of people , 2005, ACM Trans. Graph..

[101]  Irfan A. Essa,et al.  Depth layers from occlusions , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[102]  William E. Lorensen,et al.  Marching cubes: A high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm , 1987, SIGGRAPH.

[103]  Rudolph Triebel,et al.  3D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Viewport , 2020, ECCV.