Energy-Efficient UAV Crowdsensing with Multiple Charging Stations by Deep Learning

Different from using human-centric mobile devices like smartphones, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be utilized to form a new UAV crowdsensing paradigm, where UAVs are equipped with build-in high-precision sensors, to provide data collection services especially for emergency situations like earthquakes or flooding. In this paper, we aim to propose a new deep learning based framework to tackle the problem that a group of UAVs energy-efficiently and cooperatively collect data from low-level sensors, while charging the battery from multiple randomly deployed charging stations. Specifically, we propose a new deep model called "j-PPO+ConvNTM" which contains a novel spatiotemporal module "Convolution Neural Turing Machine" (ConvNTM) to better model long-sequence spatiotemporal data, and a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) model called "j-PPO", where it has the capability to make continuous (i.e., route planing) and discrete (i.e., either to collect data or go for charging) action decisions simultaneously for all UAVs. Finally, we perform extensive simulation to show its illustrative movement trajectories, hyperparameter tuning, ablation study, and compare with four other baselines.

[1]  Victor C. M. Leung,et al.  Towards Context-Aware Mobile Crowdsensing in Vehicular Social Networks , 2015, 2015 15th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing.

[2]  Jon Crowcroft,et al.  Distributed and Energy-Efficient Mobile Crowdsensing with Charging Stations by Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2021, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[3]  Hongji Chen,et al.  GoSense: Efficient Vehicle Selection for User Defined Vehicular Crowdsensing , 2017, 2017 IEEE 85th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[4]  Alec Radford,et al.  Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms , 2017, ArXiv.

[5]  Jiming Chen,et al.  An Exchange Market Approach to Mobile Crowdsensing: Pricing, Task Allocation, and Walrasian Equilibrium , 2017, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[6]  Yuval Tassa,et al.  Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning , 2015, ICLR.

[7]  Ruslan Salakhutdinov,et al.  Neural Map: Structured Memory for Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2017, ICLR.

[8]  Chengzhe Piao,et al.  Energy-Efficient Mobile Crowdsensing by Unmanned Vehicles: A Sequential Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach , 2020, IEEE Internet of Things Journal.

[9]  Shaojie Tang,et al.  Towards Personalized Task Matching in Mobile Crowdsensing via Fine-Grained User Profiling , 2018, IEEE INFOCOM 2018 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[10]  Dit-Yan Yeung,et al.  Convolutional LSTM Network: A Machine Learning Approach for Precipitation Nowcasting , 2015, NIPS.

[11]  Shane Legg,et al.  Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning , 2015, Nature.

[12]  Chi Harold Liu,et al.  Free Market of Multi-Leader Multi-Follower Mobile Crowdsensing: An Incentive Mechanism Design by Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[13]  Alex Graves,et al.  Asynchronous Methods for Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2016, ICML.

[14]  Yi Wu,et al.  Multi-Agent Actor-Critic for Mixed Cooperative-Competitive Environments , 2017, NIPS.

[15]  Jie Wu,et al.  A Prediction-Based User Selection Framework for Heterogeneous Mobile CrowdSensing , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[16]  Chi Harold Liu,et al.  Energy-Efficient UAV Control for Effective and Fair Communication Coverage: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach , 2018, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[17]  Qiang Huang,et al.  Convolutional gated recurrent neural network incorporating spatial features for audio tagging , 2017, 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).

[18]  Jie Wu,et al.  Online Task Assignment for Crowdsensing in Predictable Mobile Social Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[19]  H. Vincent Poor,et al.  Mobile Crowdsensing Games in Vehicular Networks , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[20]  Chi Harold Liu,et al.  Energy-Efficient Distributed Mobile Crowd Sensing: A Deep Learning Approach , 2019, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[21]  Chi Harold Liu,et al.  Distributed Energy-Efficient Multi-UAV Navigation for Long-Term Communication Coverage by Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2020, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[22]  Alex Graves,et al.  Neural Turing Machines , 2014, ArXiv.

[23]  Merkourios Karaliopoulos,et al.  User recruitment for mobile crowdsensing over opportunistic networks , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM).

[24]  Kin K. Leung,et al.  Dynamic Control of Data Ferries under Partial Observations , 2010, 2010 IEEE Wireless Communication and Networking Conference.

[25]  Shilin Wen,et al.  Blockchain-Enabled Data Collection and Sharing for Industrial IoT With Deep Reinforcement Learning , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.