Binocular influences on global motion processing in the human visual system

This study investigates four key issues concerning the binocular properties of the mechanisms that encode global motion in human vision: (1) the extent of any binocular advantage; (2) the possible site of this binocular summation; (3) whether or not purely monocular inputs exist for global motion perception; (4) the extent of any dichoptic interaction. Global motion coherence thresholds were measured using random-dot-kinematograms as a function of the dot modulation depth (contrast) for translational, radial and circular flow fields. We found a marked binocular advantage of approximately 1.7, comparable for all three types of motion and the performance benefit was due to a contrast rather than a global motion enhancement. In addition, we found no evidence for any purely monocular influences on global motion detection. The results suggest that the site of binocular combination for global motion perception occurs prior to the extra-striate cortex where motion integration occurs. All cells involved are binocular and exhibit dichoptic interactions, suggesting the existence of a neural mechanism that involves more than just simple summation of the two monocular inputs.

[1]  W. Newsome,et al.  Microstimulation in visual area MT: effects on direction discrimination performance , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[2]  S. Dakin,et al.  Comparison of the spatial-frequency selectivity of local and global motion detectors. , 2002, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  C. Baker,et al.  Residual motion perception in a "motion-blind" patient, assessed with limited-lifetime random dot stimuli , 1991, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[4]  J. Raymond.  Complete interocular transfer of motion adaptation effects on motion coherence thresholds , 1993, Vision Research.

[5]  R F Hess,et al.  Centrifugal bias for second-order but not first-order motion. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[6]  D. G. Green,et al.  Monocular versus Binocular Visual Acuity , 1965, Nature.

[7]  M. J. Morgan,et al.  Conditions for motion flow in dynamic visual noise , 1980, Vision Research.

[8]  Gordon E. Legge,et al.  Binocular contrast summation—I. Detection and discrimination , 1984, Vision Research.

[9]  Behzad Mansouri,et al.  Integration, segregation, and binocular combination. , 2005, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[10]  D. Regan,et al.  Defective processing of motion-defined form in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral amblyopia. , 1992, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[11]  C. Baker,et al.  Two mechanisms underlie processing of stochastic motion stimuli , 1998, Vision Research.

[12]  E. Adelson,et al.  The analysis of moving visual patterns , 1985 .

[13]  Mark A. Georgeson,et al.  Binocular summation, dichoptic masking and contrast gain control , 2005 .

[14]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields and functional architecture of monkey striate cortex , 1968, The Journal of physiology.

[15]  John A. Greenwood,et al.  Pushing the limits of transparent-motion detection with binocular disparity , 2006, Vision Research.

[16]  M F Bradshaw,et al.  Does Binocular Disparity Facilitate the Detection of Transparent Motion? , 1999, Perception.

[17]  Z L Lu,et al.  Three-systems theory of human visual motion perception: review and update. , 2001, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[18]  D. Badcock,et al.  Global motion perception: No interaction between the first- and second-order motion pathways , 1995, Vision Research.

[19]  S. Zeki.  Functional specialisation in the visual cortex of the rhesus monkey , 1978, Nature.

[20]  R J Snowden,et al.  Stereoscopic Depth Cues Can Segment Motion Information , 1999, Perception.

[21]  D. Burr,et al.  Temporal integration of optic flow, measured by contrast and coherence thresholds , 2001, Vision Research.

[22]  G. Sperling,et al.  Contrast gain control in first- and second-order motion perception. , 1996, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[23]  Anthony J. Movshon,et al.  Visual Response Properties of Striate Cortical Neurons Projecting to Area MT in Macaque Monkeys , 1996, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[24]  D. Burr,et al.  Large receptive fields for optic flow detection in humans , 1998, Vision Research.

[25]  W. Newsome,et al.  A selective impairment of motion perception following lesions of the middle temporal visual area (MT) , 1988, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[26]  J. Movshon,et al.  The analysis of visual motion: a comparison of neuronal and psychophysical performance , 1992, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[27]  W. Singer,et al.  Ocular dominance in extrastriate cortex of strabismic amblyopic cats , 2002, Vision Research.

[28]  Timothy Ledgeway,et al.  The properties of the motion-detecting mechanisms mediating perceived direction in stochastic displays , 2000, Vision Research.

[29]  H. Rodman,et al.  Single-unit analysis of pattern-motion selective properties in the middle temporal visual area (MT) , 2004, Experimental Brain Research.

[30]  Paul V McGraw,et al.  Deficits to global motion processing in human amblyopia , 2003, Vision Research.

[31]  Mark A. Georgeson,et al.  Monocular motion sensing, binocular motion perception , 1989, Vision Research.

[32]  Catherine Boden,et al.  Deficient motion perception in the fellow eye of amblyopic children , 2005, Vision Research.

[33]  Pieter R. Roelfsema,et al.  Correlates of strabismic amblyopia in cat extrastriate visual areas , 1998 .

[34]  R. Andersen,et al.  A Computational Framework for Determining Stereo Correspondence from a Set of Linear Spatial Filters Perception of Three-dimensional Structure from Motion Review , 2022 .

[35]  Charles G. Gross,et al.  Pattern recognition mechanisms , 1985 .

[36]  Robert Sekuler,et al.  Coherent global motion percepts from stochastic local motions , 1984, Vision Research.

[37]  John H. R. Maunsell,et al.  Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. II. Binocular interactions and sensitivity to binocular disparity. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[38]  D. Burr,et al.  Two stages of visual processing for radial and circular motion , 1995, Nature.

[39]  D Rose,et al.  The Binocular: Monocular Sensitivity Ratio for Movement Detection Varies with Temporal Frequency , 1980, Perception.