Non-GPS Positioning Systems

An enormous amount of research has been conducted in the area of positioning systems and thus it calls for a detailed literature review of recent localization systems. This article focuses on recent developments of non-Global Positioning System (GPS) localization/positioning systems. We have presented a new hierarchical method to classify various positioning systems. A comprehensive performance comparison of the techniques and technologies against multiple performance metrics along with the limitations is presented. A few indoor positioning systems have emerged as more successful in particular application environments than others, which are presented at the end.

[1]  Ying Zhu,et al.  Using compressive sensing to reduce fingerprint collection for indoor localization , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[2]  Sang-Kook Han,et al.  Channel Assignment Technique for RF Frequency Reuse in CA-VLC-Based Accurate Optical Indoor Localization , 2014, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[3]  Thomas Q. Wang,et al.  Position Accuracy of Time-of-Arrival Based Ranging Using Visible Light With Application in Indoor Localization Systems , 2013, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[4]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  Shake and walk: Acoustic direction finding and fine-grained indoor localization using smartphones , 2014, IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[5]  Feng Qiu,et al.  IMLours: Indoor mapping and localization using time-stamped WLAN received signal strength , 2015, 2015 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[6]  Hend Suliman Al-Khalifa,et al.  Comparative Survey of Indoor Positioning Technologies, Techniques, and Algorithms , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Cyberworlds.

[7]  G. Manara,et al.  An indoor propagation model for development and testing of UHF-RFID tag localization techniques , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA).

[8]  Fabrizio Pancaldi,et al.  Map-Aware Models for Indoor Wireless Localization Systems: An Experimental Study , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[9]  Igor Bisio,et al.  Energy efficient WiFi-based fingerprinting for indoor positioning with smartphones , 2013, 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps).

[10]  Jinbao Zhang,et al.  Overview of received signal strength based fingerprinting localization in indoor wireless LAN environments , 2013, 2013 5th IEEE International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications.

[11]  Akram Alomainy,et al.  Experimental investigation of efficient Ultra Wideband localisation techniques in the indoor environment , 2013, 2013 Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference (LAPC).

[12]  Iain B. Collings,et al.  New Efficient Indoor Cooperative Localization Algorithm With Empirical Ranging Error Model , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[13]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  A Tutorial on Graph-Based SLAM , 2010, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine.

[14]  Yubin Xu,et al.  Localized local fisher discriminant analysis for indoor positioning in wireless local area network , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[15]  Qinye Yin,et al.  Distributed Angle Estimation for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[16]  Lei Shu,et al.  ZiLoc: Energy efficient WiFi fingerprint-based localization with low-power radio , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[17]  Eric Foxlin,et al.  Pedestrian tracking with shoe-mounted inertial sensors , 2005, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[18]  Alessandro Cidronali,et al.  A scalable distributed positioning system augmenting WiFi technology , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[19]  Huaping Liu,et al.  An Improved Method of Moments Estimator for TOA Based Localization , 2013, IEEE Communications Letters.

[20]  Mario Gerla,et al.  FreeLoc: Calibration-free crowdsourced indoor localization , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[21]  Guobin Shen,et al.  Magicol: Indoor Localization Using Pervasive Magnetic Field and Opportunistic WiFi Sensing , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[22]  Min-You Wu,et al.  WiBEST: A hybrid personal indoor positioning system , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[23]  Gaetano Borriello,et al.  Location Systems for Ubiquitous Computing , 2001, Computer.

[24]  Asis Nasipuri,et al.  Performance evaluation of an RSSI based localization scheme for wireless sensor networks to mitigate shadowing effects , 2014, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[25]  Chadi Assi,et al.  Profiling-Based Indoor Localization Schemes , 2015, IEEE Systems Journal.

[26]  Lorinc Márton,et al.  Calibration and measurement processing for ultrasonic indoor mobile robot localization systems , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT).

[27]  Sathaporn Promwong,et al.  Performance comparison between UWB and NB propagation models for an indoor localization , 2014, The 20th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communication (APCC2014).

[28]  RollCaller: User-friendly indoor navigation system using human-item spatial relation , 2014, IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[29]  Fernando Seco Granja,et al.  Robust indoor positioning fusing PDR and RF technologies: The RFID and UWB case , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[30]  Vladimir Pavlovic,et al.  Pose Invariant Activity Classification for Multi-floor Indoor Localization , 2014, 2014 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[31]  Hyundong Shin,et al.  Machine Learning for Wideband Localization , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[32]  Xiaolin Li,et al.  Towards accurate acoustic localization on a smartphone , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[33]  Yin Chen,et al.  Scalable and accurate indoor positioning on mobile devices , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[34]  Shaojie Tang,et al.  Wi-Fi Fingerprint Based Indoor Localization without Indoor Space Measurement , 2013, 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems.

[35]  Kamran Ali,et al.  Joint event detection & identification: A clustering based approach for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[36]  Ignas Niemegeers,et al.  A survey of indoor positioning systems for wireless personal networks , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[37]  Robert Harle,et al.  A Survey of Indoor Inertial Positioning Systems for Pedestrians , 2013, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[38]  Akiko Sato,et al.  Pedestrian Dead Reckoning using adaptive particle filter to human moving mode , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[39]  Hongwei Du,et al.  HILL: A Hybrid Indoor Localization Scheme , 2014, 2014 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks.

[40]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  A Fully Autonomous Indoor Quadrotor , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[41]  Sisongkham Phimmasean,et al.  Indoor localization system based on fingerprint technique using RFID passive tag , 2013, 2013 10th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology.

[42]  Ryosuke Shibasaki,et al.  Infra-free indoor positioning using only smartphone sensors , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[43]  Shueng-Han Gary Chan,et al.  Sectjunction: Wi-Fi indoor localization based on junction of signal sectors , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[44]  Antonio Liotta,et al.  Map-aided fingerprint-based indoor positioning , 2013, 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[45]  Masanori Sugimoto,et al.  Smart phone localization method using dual-carrier acoustic waves , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[46]  Qinye Yin,et al.  A distributed localization in wireless sensor networks utilizing AOD estimation and rotation synthetic aperture technique , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[47]  Athanasios V. Vasilakos,et al.  FREDI: Robust RSS-based ranging with multipath effect and radio interference , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[48]  Kenzo Nonami,et al.  Quadrotor UAV Indoor Localization Using Embedded Stereo Camera , 2014 .

[49]  Yu Gu,et al.  Fast Indoor Localization of Smart Hand-Held Devices Using Bluetooth , 2014, 2014 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Networks.

[50]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[51]  Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri,et al.  Indoor localization using unsupervised manifold alignment with geometry perturbation , 2014, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[52]  Kamran Ali,et al.  Composite event detection and identification for WSNs using General Hebbian Algorithm , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[53]  Pau Closas,et al.  Potential Game for Energy-Efficient RSS-Based Positioning in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[54]  Xi Chen,et al.  Adaptive Accurate Indoor-Localization Using Passive RFID , 2013, 2013 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems.

[55]  Henri Nurminen,et al.  Particle filter and smoother for indoor localization , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[56]  Nadir Hakem,et al.  Wi-Fi-based positioning in underground mine tunnels , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[57]  Peter Pach,et al.  DREAR - Towards Infrastructure-Free Indoor Localization via Dead-Reckoning Enhanced with Activity Recognition , 2014, 2014 Eighth International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Apps, Services and Technologies.

[58]  Yunhao Liu,et al.  LANDMARC: Indoor Location Sensing Using Active RFID , 2004, Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, 2003. (PerCom 2003)..

[59]  François Quitin,et al.  Distributed Localization of a RF Target in NLOS Environments , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[60]  Tarek F. Abdelzaher,et al.  Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks , 2003, MobiCom '03.

[61]  Federica Pascucci,et al.  An enhanced indoor positioning system for first responders , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[62]  Badri N. Vellambi,et al.  Indoor localization using visible light and accelerometer , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[63]  Mohammad Ghavami,et al.  UWB-based elliptical target localization in an indoor environment , 2013, 2013 8th International Workshop on Systems, Signal Processing and their Applications (WoSSPA).

[64]  Axel Sikora,et al.  A localization system using inertial measurement units from wireless commercial hand-held devices , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[65]  Amelia Wong Azman,et al.  Indoor UAV Positioning Using Stereo Vision Sensor , 2012 .

[66]  Ridha Bouallegue,et al.  Indoor localization based on feed-forward Neural Networks and CIR fingerprinting techniques , 2014, 2014 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS).

[67]  John Bigham,et al.  Location estimation in large indoor multi-floor buildings using hybrid networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[68]  Muhammad Adeel Pasha,et al.  Highly accurate 3D wireless indoor positioning system using white LED lights , 2014 .

[69]  Dominique Noguet,et al.  Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks , 2016, Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

[70]  Tin Kam Ho,et al.  SignalSLAM: Simultaneous localization and mapping with mixed WiFi, Bluetooth, LTE and magnetic signals , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[71]  R. Michael Buehrer,et al.  Improving positioning in LTE through collaboration , 2014, 2014 11th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC).

[72]  Lin Ma,et al.  WLAN indoor positioning algorithm based on sub-regions information gain theory , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[73]  Momin Uppal,et al.  SHARF: A Single Beacon Hybrid Acoustic and RF Indoor Localization Scheme , 2015, CrownCom.

[74]  Petar M. Djuric,et al.  Indoor Tracking: Theory, Methods, and Technologies , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[75]  Yongtao Ma,et al.  Joint TOA and DOA Localization in Indoor Environment Using Virtual Stations , 2014, IEEE Communications Letters.

[76]  Markku Renfors,et al.  Distance-Based Interpolation and Extrapolation Methods for RSS-Based Localization With Indoor Wireless Signals , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[77]  Paul Meissner,et al.  UWB for Robust Indoor Tracking: Weighting of Multipath Components for Efficient Estimation , 2014, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters.

[78]  Mahesh K. Marina,et al.  HiMLoc: Indoor smartphone localization via activity aware Pedestrian Dead Reckoning with selective crowdsourced WiFi fingerprinting , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[79]  Arie Sheinker,et al.  Localization in 3-D Using Beacons of Low Frequency Magnetic Field , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[80]  Peilin Liu,et al.  An improved indoor localization method using smartphone inertial sensors , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[81]  Luigi Palopoli,et al.  Design and performance analysis of an indoor position tracking technique for smart rollators , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[82]  Norashidah Md Din,et al.  RFID and ZigBee integrated environment for indoor localization , 2014, 2014 4th International Conference on Engineering Technology and Technopreneuship (ICE2T).

[83]  Nimsiri Abhayasinghe,et al.  A gyroscopic data based pedometer algorithm , 2013, 2013 8th International Conference on Computer Science & Education.

[84]  Jie Wang,et al.  Device-Free Localization With Multidimensional Wireless Link Information , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[85]  Arie Sheinker,et al.  Localization in 2D Using Beacons of Low Frequency Magnetic Field , 2013, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing.

[86]  Ting-Chao Hou,et al.  Indoor 3D localization of moving users based on the displacement vector , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[87]  Thomas B. Schön,et al.  Indoor Positioning Using Ultrawideband and Inertial Measurements , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[88]  Shih-Hau Fang,et al.  A Group-Discrimination-Based Access Point Selection for WLAN Fingerprinting Localization , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[89]  Jie Zhang,et al.  Indoor localization on mobile phone platforms using embedded inertial sensors , 2013, 2013 10th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC).

[90]  Youngnam Han,et al.  SmartPDR: Smartphone-Based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning for Indoor Localization , 2015, IEEE Sensors Journal.

[91]  Paul-Gerhard Plöger,et al.  Robust indoor localization using optimal fusion filter for sensors and map layout information , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[92]  Yafeng Yin,et al.  An efficient indoor navigation scheme using RFID-based delay tolerant network , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[93]  Shinsuke Hara,et al.  A Theoretical Error Analysis on Indoor TOA Localization Scheme Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles , 2015, 2015 IEEE 81st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring).

[94]  Fabrizio Pancaldi,et al.  Map-aware RSS localization models and algorithms based on experimental data , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[95]  Liang Tao,et al.  Research on Improved Multidimensional Scaling Localization Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network , 2010, 2010 International Conference on Optoelectronics and Image Processing.

[96]  Jie Liu,et al.  Indoor Localization Using FM Signals , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.

[97]  Yi Sun,et al.  An autonomic indoor positioning application based on smartphone , 2014, 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[98]  Guoliang Xing,et al.  ZiFind: Exploiting cross-technology interference signatures for energy-efficient indoor localization , 2013, 2013 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.

[99]  Guojun Dai,et al.  An advanced fingerprint-based indoor localization scheme for WSNs , 2014, 2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications.

[100]  Moe Z. Win,et al.  A smartphone localization algorithm using RSSI and inertial sensor measurement fusion , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[101]  R. C. Luo,et al.  Wireless and Pyroelectric Sensory Fusion System for Indoor Human/Robot Localization and Monitoring , 2013, IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics.

[102]  Aboelmagd Noureldin,et al.  Integrated Indoor Navigation System for Ground Vehicles With Automatic 3-D Alignment and Position Initialization , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[103]  Kulit Na Nakorn,et al.  DecaFriend: Serverless indoor localization system on mobile phone platform , 2014, 2014 11th International Joint Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (JCSSE).

[104]  Khaled A. Harras,et al.  GreenLoc: An energy efficient architecture for WiFi-based indoor localization on mobile phones , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC).

[105]  Mohamed F. Mansour,et al.  WLAN scanning strategies for RSSI-based positioning , 2013, 2013 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM).

[106]  Jian Huang,et al.  Indoor localization system based on wearable posture sensors with incomplete observations , 2014, Proceedings of 2014 International Conference on Modelling, Identification & Control.

[107]  Carlo Fischione,et al.  Mobile Node Localization via Pareto Optimization: Algorithm and Fundamental Performance Limitations , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[108]  Jari Syrjärinne,et al.  Investigating effective methods for integration of building's map with low cost inertial sensors and wifi-based positioning , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[109]  Qin Xiao,et al.  Improved AdaBoost-based fingerprint algorithm for WiFi indoor localization , 2014, 2014 IEEE 7th Joint International Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence Conference.

[110]  Ravi Poovaiah,et al.  Single access point based indoor localization technique for augmented reality gaming for children , 2014, Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Students' Technology Symposium.

[111]  Hazem N. Nounou,et al.  Joint Node Localization and Time-Varying Clock Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[112]  Jing Liu,et al.  Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[113]  Thomas Jost,et al.  Indoor positioning using time difference of arrival between multipath components , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[114]  Kevin Curran,et al.  A survey of active and passive indoor localisation systems , 2012, Comput. Commun..

[115]  Andreas Peter Burg,et al.  Robust asynchronous indoor localization using LED lighting , 2014, 2014 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP).

[116]  Gaetano Borriello.  Location Sensing Techniques , 2001 .

[117]  Lei Yang,et al.  Anchor-free backscatter positioning for RFID tags with high accuracy , 2014, IEEE INFOCOM 2014 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.

[118]  Frédéric Lassabe,et al.  Open Wireless Positioning System: A Wi-Fi-Based Indoor Positioning System , 2009, 2009 IEEE 70th Vehicular Technology Conference Fall.

[119]  Nyein Aye Maung Maung,et al.  An improved hybrid localization scheme for wireless ad hoc and sensor networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[120]  Maxim Shchekotov,et al.  Indoor localization methods based on Wi-Fi lateration and signal strength data collection , 2015, 2015 17th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT).

[121]  Qinye Yin,et al.  Distributed Angle Estimation by Multiple Frequencies Synthetic Array in Wireless Sensor Localization System , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications.

[122]  Mahbub Hassan,et al.  Adaptive pedestrian activity classification for indoor dead reckoning systems , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[123]  Guobin Shen,et al.  BeepBeep: a high accuracy acoustic ranging system using COTS mobile devices , 2007, SenSys '07.

[124]  Marek Pola,et al.  A proposal of radio ultrawideband systems for precision indoor localization , 2015, 2015 25th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA).

[125]  Fernando Seco Granja,et al.  Indoor Positioning Using Efficient Map Matching, RSS Measurements, and an Improved Motion Model , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[126]  Myungchul Kim,et al.  ILPS: Indoor localization using physical maps and smartphone sensors , 2014, Proceeding of IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks 2014.

[127]  Sathaporn Promwong,et al.  Improvement of fingerprinting technique for UWB indoor localization , 2014, The 4th Joint International Conference on Information and Communication Technology, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (JICTEE).

[128]  Nian Zhang,et al.  Landmark-based localization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon).

[129]  Karim Djouani,et al.  An efficient approach to node localisation and tracking in wireless sensor networks , 2014, 2014 IEEE Global Communications Conference.

[130]  Lei Shu,et al.  ZIL: An Energy-Efficient Indoor Localization System Using ZigBee Radio to Detect WiFi Fingerprints , 2015, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[131]  Shih-Hau Fang,et al.  A novel clustering-based approach of indoor location fingerprinting , 2013, 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).

[132]  Widyawan,et al.  Smartphone-based Pedestrian Dead Reckoning as an indoor positioning system , 2012, 2012 International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET).

[133]  Álvaro Hernández,et al.  Acoustic local positioning system using an iOS device , 2013, International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation.

[134]  Qun Wan,et al.  A novel eliminating approach for spacial variability in indoor localization , 2013, 2013 IEEE China Summit and International Conference on Signal and Information Processing.

[135]  Lamya Fergani,et al.  Fingerprinting methods for RFID tag indoor localization , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS).

[136]  Xiao Qin,et al.  Expansion RSS-based Indoor Localization Using 5G WiFi Signal , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks.

[137]  P. Nepa,et al.  Location and Tracking of UHF-RFID Tags , 2011, 2011 IEEE-APS Topical Conference on Antennas and Propagation in Wireless Communications.

[138]  Zhenhui Tan,et al.  Regional propagation model based fingerprinting localization in indoor environments , 2013, 2013 IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC).