Selected Topics In The Theory Of Fixed Points

We present a treatment for mathematical economists of three topics in the theory of xed points: (a) the Lefschetz xed point index; (b) the Lefschetz xed point theorem; (c) the theory of essential sets of xed points. Our treatment is geometric, based on elementary techniques, and largely selfcontained. In particular there is no essential reference to algebraic topology. Within the chosen scope of the paper the results are at the level of generality of the mathematical literature. The development of these theories for correspondences is emphasized. It emerges that the solution concepts of Kohlberg and Mertens (1986) have a de nite, though obscure, place in this theory.

[1]  H. Hironaka Triangulations of algebraic sets , 1974 .

[2]  Arrigo Cellina,et al.  Approximation of set valued functions and fixed point theorems , 1969 .

[3]  B. O'neill A fixed point theorem for multi-valued functions , 1957 .

[4]  Andreu Mas-Colell,et al.  A note on a theorem of F. Browder , 1974, Math. Program..

[5]  H. Hopf Über die algebraische Anzahl von Fixpunkten , 1929 .

[6]  A. McLennan Consistent conditional systems in noncooperative game theory , 1989 .

[7]  P. Samuelson,et al.  Foundations of Economic Analysis. , 1948 .

[8]  A. Mas-Colell,et al.  An equilibrium existence theorem for a general model without ordered preferences , 1975 .

[9]  L. Brouwer Über Abbildung von Mannigfaltigkeiten , 1911 .

[10]  F. Browder A new generalization of the Schauder fixed point theorem , 1967 .

[11]  J. Munkres,et al.  Elementary Differential Topology. , 1967 .

[12]  Yves Balasko,et al.  Foundations of the theory of general equilibrium , 1988 .

[13]  Shin'ichi Kinoshita,et al.  On essential components of the set of fixed points , 1952 .

[14]  A fixed point theorem for continuous multi-valued transformations , 1956 .

[15]  Jean-Michel Lasry,et al.  Existence of equilibrium with incomplete markets , 1990 .

[16]  A. Mas-Colell The Theory Of General Economic Equilibrium , 1985 .

[17]  F. Smithies Linear Operators , 2019, Nature.

[18]  P. Newman,et al.  The Theory Of General Economic Equilibrium , 1964 .

[19]  S. Reich Fixed points in locally covex spaces , 1972 .

[20]  M. Spivak A comprehensive introduction to differential geometry , 1979 .

[21]  Karol Borsuk,et al.  Theory Of Retracts , 1967 .

[22]  D. Montgomery,et al.  Fixed Point Theorems for Multi-Valued Transformations , 1946 .

[23]  A Cellina On the existence of solutions of ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces , 1971 .

[24]  A. Cellina A theorem on the approximation of compact multivalued mappings , 1969 .

[25]  Andrew McLennan,et al.  Fixed points of contractible valued correspondences , 1989 .

[26]  H. Hopf Eine Verallgemeinerung der Euler-Poincaréschen Formel , 1964 .

[27]  E. Damme Refinements of the Nash Equilibrium Concept , 1983 .

[28]  F. Browder The fixed point theory of multi-valued mappings in topological vector spaces , 1968 .

[29]  J. Geanakoplos,et al.  Solving systems of simultaneous equations in economics , 1990 .

[30]  A. Dold Fixed point index and fixed point theorem for Euclidean neighborhood retracts , 1965 .

[31]  David Pearce Rationalizable Strategic Behavior and the Problem of Perfection , 1984 .

[32]  A. Tychonoff,et al.  Ein Fixpunktsatz , 1935 .

[33]  Jean-François Mertens Stable Equilibria - A Reformulation: Part I. Definition and Basic Properties , 1989, Math. Oper. Res..

[34]  Tsoy-Wo Ma Topological degrees of set-valued compact fields in locally convex spaces , 1972 .

[35]  S. Lefschetz Continuous Transformations of Manifolds. , 1923, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[36]  A. McLennan Justifiable Beliefs in Sequential Equilibrium , 1985 .

[37]  Harold W. Kuhn,et al.  A proof of the existence of equilibrium without the free disposal assumption , 1975 .

[38]  Gérard Debreu Economies with a Finite Set of Equilibria , 1970 .

[39]  I. Glicksberg A FURTHER GENERALIZATION OF THE KAKUTANI FIXED POINT THEOREM, WITH APPLICATION TO NASH EQUILIBRIUM POINTS , 1952 .

[40]  Fixed points of multiple-valued transformations , 1961 .

[41]  A. McLennan Approximation of contractible valued correspondences by functions , 1991 .

[42]  E. Michael Topologies on spaces of subsets , 1951 .

[43]  Darrell Duffie,et al.  Equilibrium in incomplete markets: I : A basic model of generic existence , 1985 .

[44]  A. Mas-Colell,et al.  Corrections to an equilibrium existence theorem for a general model without ordered preferences , 1979 .

[45]  S. Kakutani A generalization of Brouwer’s fixed point theorem , 1941 .

[46]  D. Duffie,et al.  EQUILIBRIUM AND THE ROLE OF THE FIRM IN INCOMPLETE MARKETS , 1986 .

[47]  Induced homology homomorphisms for set-valued maps , 1957 .

[48]  K. Arrow,et al.  EXISTENCE OF AN EQUILIBRIUM FOR A COMPETITIVE ECONOMY , 1954 .

[49]  Roger D. Nussbaum,et al.  The Fixed Point Index And Some Applications , 1985 .

[50]  D. McCord The converse of the Lefschetz fixed point theorem for surfaces and higher dimensional manifolds , 1970 .

[51]  E. Fadell Recent results in the fixed point theory of continuous maps , 1970 .

[52]  A. Cellina,et al.  A NEW APPROACH TO THE DEFINITION ON TOPOLOGICAL DEGREE FOR MULTI-VALUED MAPPINGS. , 1969 .

[53]  E. Whittlesey Fixed Points and Antipodal Points , 1963 .

[54]  J. Milnor Topology from the differentiable viewpoint , 1965 .

[55]  E. Dierker Two Remarks on the Number of Equilibria of an Economy , 1972 .

[56]  Andreu Mas-Colell,et al.  A geometric approach to a class of equilibrium existence theorems , 1990 .

[57]  W. Hildenbrand Core and Equilibria of a Large Economy. , 1974 .

[58]  Kim C. Border,et al.  Fixed point theorems with applications to economics and game theory: Fixed point theorems for correspondences , 1985 .

[59]  B. O'neill,et al.  Essential Sets and Fixed Points , 1953 .

[60]  K. Fan Fixed-point and Minimax Theorems in Locally Convex Topological Linear Spaces. , 1952, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[61]  K. Deimling Fixed Point Theory , 2008 .

[62]  RobertF Brown An elementary proof of the uniqueness of the fixed point index , 1970 .

[63]  N. Jacobson Lectures In Abstract Algebra , 1951 .

[64]  J. Mertens,et al.  ON THE STRATEGIC STABILITY OF EQUILIBRIA , 1986 .

[65]  R. Selten Reexamination of the perfectness concept for equilibrium points in extensive games , 1975, Classics in Game Theory.

[66]  Jean-Pierre Bourguignon,et al.  Mathematische Annalen , 1893 .