Adaptive Cognitive Manufacturing System (ACMS) – a new paradigm

Innovation and transformative changes in products, manufacturing technologies, business strategies, and manufacturing paradigms have profoundly changed the manufacturing systems. In addition to being environmentally, economically socially sustainable, manufacturing systems are increasingly using intelligent technologies to be even more resilient, responsive, and adaptable. A new Adaptive Cognitive Manufacturing Systems (ACMS) paradigm, its drivers, enablers, and characteristics, including cognitive adaptation, is presented. Classification and definitions of four types of adaptability in manufacturing systems are included. Human-centric collaboration of workers and intelligent machines and applications, and the future of work in cognitive adaptive manufacturing systems are outlined. Cognitive Digital Twins (CDT), their features, evolution, and their use to support humans in intelligent, collaborative manufacturing settings are discussed. Industrial applications and case studies are used to illustrate the presented concepts and paradigms. Challenges and future research directions to achieve the ACMS paradigm and implement more intelligent, more adaptive, and sustainable manufacturing systems are presented. The presented novel concepts and technologies make significant contributions to the fast-evolving field of manufacturing systems. This pioneering research sheds light on many important future research topics and provides a road map and motivation for researchers in this field.