Review of power system impacts at high PV penetration Part II: Potential solutions and the way forward

Abstract Issues and challenges of integrating intermittent renewable energy from large photovoltaic (PV) systems have been a significant area of study. Numerous research works have analyzed the impacts of solar PV on the grid and highlighted various aspects to be the limiting factors for PV penetration. This two-part review paper assesses the overall power system impacts of high PV penetration and the potential solutions for mitigating these impacts. This paper, the second of the two, focuses on the various solution measures that have been proposed in the literature such as accurate forecasting, voltage and frequency regulation techniques, harmonic compensation techniques, reactive power management, generator planning and dispatch strategies and adaptive protection schemes that are necessary to solve and mitigate the grid impacts caused by high PV penetration. The limiting factors in implementing these solution measures and their cost bearer have also been highlighted in this paper.