Computational Studies of Human Motion

We review methods for kinematic tracking of the human body in video. The review is part of a projected book that is intended to cross-fertilize ideas about motion representation between the animation and computer vision communities. The review confines itself to the earlier stages of motion, focusing on tracking and motion synthesis; future material will cover activity representation and motion generation.

[1]  G. Balla Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash , .

[2]  J. Gibson The perception of the visual world , 1951 .

[3]  Eadweard Muybridge,et al.  The Human Figure in Motion , 1955 .

[4]  Eadweard Muybridge,et al.  Animals in Motion , 1957 .

[5]  Robert B. Ash,et al.  Information Theory , 2020, The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society.

[6]  Ralph Abraham,et al.  Foundations Of Mechanics , 2019 .

[7]  J. Darroch,et al.  Generalized Iterative Scaling for Log-Linear Models , 1972 .

[8]  G. Johansson Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis , 1973 .

[9]  Arthur Gelb,et al.  Applied Optimal Estimation , 1974 .

[10]  V. Arnold Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics , 1974 .

[11]  Thomas O. Binford,et al.  Computer Description of Curved Objects , 1973, IEEE Transactions on Computers.

[12]  J. Cutting,et al.  Recognizing the sex of a walker from a dynamic point-light display , 1977 .

[13]  Robert C. Bolles,et al.  Parametric Correspondence and Chamfer Matching: Two New Techniques for Image Matching , 1977, IJCAI.

[14]  J. Cutting,et al.  Recognizing friends by their walk: Gait perception without familiarity cues , 1977 .

[15]  Geoffrey E. Hinton Relaxation and its role in vision , 1977 .

[16]  J. Cutting,et al.  Recognizing the gender of walkers from point-lights mounted on ankles: Some second thoughts , 1978 .

[17]  J. Cutting,et al.  Temporal and spatial factors in gait perception that influence gender recognition , 1978, Perception & psychophysics.

[18]  D. Marr,et al.  Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shapes , 1978, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences.

[19]  Reginald Victor Jones,et al.  Most Secret War , 1978 .

[20]  J E Cutting,et al.  A biomechanical invariant for gait perception. , 1978, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[21]  A. Atwater,et al.  BIOMECHANICS OF OVERARM THROWING MOVEMENTS AND OF THROWING INJURIES , 1979, Exercise and sport sciences reviews.

[22]  J. O'Rourke,et al.  Model-based image analysis of human motion using constraint propagation , 1980, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[23]  J. W. Humberston Classical mechanics , 1980, Nature.

[24]  V. Benes Exact finite-dimensional filters for certain diffusions with nonlinear drift , 1981 .

[25]  Berthold K. P. Horn,et al.  Determining Optical Flow , 1981, Other Conferences.

[26]  Thomas O. Binford,et al.  Inferring Surfaces from Images , 1981, Artif. Intell..

[27]  Badler,et al.  Techniques for Generating the Goal-Directed Motion of Articulated Structures , 1982, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[28]  Frederick Mosteller,et al.  Understanding robust and exploratory data analysis , 1983 .

[29]  David C. Hogg Model-based vision: a program to see a walking person , 1983, Image Vis. Comput..

[30]  F. Daum Exact finite dimensional nonlinear filters , 1985, 1985 24th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[31]  Anthony A. Maciejewski,et al.  Computational modeling for the computer animation of legged figures , 1985, SIGGRAPH.

[32]  S. Duane,et al.  Hybrid Monte Carlo , 1987 .

[33]  Berthold K. P. Horn,et al.  Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using unit quaternions , 1987 .

[34]  J. Freyd Dynamic mental representations. , 1987, Psychological review.

[35]  Peter J. Rousseeuw,et al.  Robust regression and outlier detection , 1987 .

[36]  Michael Girard,et al.  Interactive Design of 3D Computer-Animated Legged Animal Motion , 1987, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[37]  Andrew P. Witkin,et al.  Spacetime constraints , 1988, SIGGRAPH.

[38]  James K. Hahn,et al.  Realistic animation of rigid bodies , 1988, SIGGRAPH.

[39]  Berthold K. P. Horn,et al.  Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using orthonormal matrices , 1988 .

[40]  S T Tümer,et al.  Three-dimensional kinematic modelling of the human shoulder complex--Part II: Mathematical modelling and solution via optimization. , 1989, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[41]  S T Tümer,et al.  Three-dimensional kinematic modelling of the human shoulder complex--Part I: Physical model and determination of joint sinus cones. , 1989, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[42]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Making Them Move: Mechanics, Control & Animation of Articulated Figures , 1990 .

[43]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Interactive real-time articulated figure manipulation using multiple kinematic constraints , 1990, I3D '90.

[44]  Anthony A. Maciejewski,et al.  Dealing with the ill-conditioned equations of motion for articulated figures , 1990, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[45]  David Zeltzer,et al.  Dynamic simulation of autonomous legged locomotion , 1990, SIGGRAPH.

[46]  C. A. Putnam,et al.  A segment interaction analysis of proximal-to-distal sequential segment motion patterns. , 1991, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[47]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  A kinematic model of the human spine and torso , 1991, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[48]  R. M. Alexander Optimum timing of muscle activation for simple models of throwing. , 1991, Journal of theoretical biology.

[49]  M G Pandy,et al.  A parameter optimization approach for the optimal control of large-scale musculoskeletal systems. , 1992, Journal of biomechanical engineering.

[50]  Michael F. Cohen,et al.  Interactive spacetime control for animation , 1992, SIGGRAPH.

[51]  G. C. Schmidt Designing nonlinear filters based on Daum's theory , 1993 .

[52]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Tracking non-rigid objects in complex scenes , 1993, 1993 (4th) International Conference on Computer Vision.

[53]  N. Gordon,et al.  Novel approach to nonlinear/non-Gaussian Bayesian state estimation , 1993 .

[54]  Randal C. Nelson,et al.  Detecting activities , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[55]  Karl Rohr,et al.  Incremental recognition of pedestrians from image sequences , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[56]  Joe Marks,et al.  Physically Realistic Motion Synthesis in Animation , 1993, Evolutionary Computation.

[57]  Joe Marks,et al.  Spacetime constraints revisited , 1993, SIGGRAPH.

[58]  Blandine Calais-Germain Anatomy of Movement , 1993 .

[59]  Zicheng Liu,et al.  Hierarchical spacetime control , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[60]  Karl Sims,et al.  Evolving virtual creatures , 1994, SIGGRAPH.

[61]  Jun S. Liu,et al.  Sequential Imputations and Bayesian Missing Data Problems , 1994 .

[62]  Michael F. Cohen,et al.  Decomposition of Linked Figure Motion: Diving , 1994 .

[63]  Randal C. Nelson,et al.  Recognizing activities , 1994, Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[64]  E. Adelson,et al.  Analyzing gait with spatiotemporal surfaces , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Workshop on Motion of Non-rigid and Articulated Objects.

[65]  Edward H. Adelson,et al.  Analyzing and recognizing walking figures in XYT , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[66]  Steven M. Seitz,et al.  Affine invariant detection of periodic motion , 1994, 1994 Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[67]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures , 1994, TOGS.

[68]  K. Rohr Towards model-based recognition of human movements in image sequences , 1994 .

[69]  David C. Hogg,et al.  Learning Flexible Models from Image Sequences , 1994, ECCV.

[70]  Koichi Kondo,et al.  Inverse Kinematics of a Human Arm , 1994 .

[71]  David C. Brogan,et al.  Animating human athletics , 1995, SIGGRAPH.

[72]  Michael C. Burl,et al.  Finding faces in cluttered scenes using random labeled graph matching , 1995, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[73]  J. Little,et al.  Describing motion for recognition , 1995, Proceedings of International Symposium on Computer Vision - ISCV.

[74]  L. Petzold,et al.  Algorithms and software for ordinary differential equations and differential-algebraic equations, part I: Euler methods and error estimation , 1995 .

[75]  Zoran Popovic,et al.  Motion warping , 1995, SIGGRAPH.

[76]  Fred Daum Beyond Kalman filters: practical design of nonlinear filters , 1995, Optics & Photonics.

[77]  S. Shankar Sastry,et al.  Biological motor control approaches for a planar diver , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control.

[78]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Finding Human Faces with a Gaussian Mixture Distribution-Based Face Model , 1995, ACCV.

[79]  Linda R. Petzold,et al.  Algorithms and software for ordinary differential equations and differential-algebraic equations, part II: higher-order methods and software packages , 1995 .

[80]  Lance Williams,et al.  Motion signal processing , 1995, SIGGRAPH.

[81]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Probabilistic visual learning for object detection , 1995, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[82]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Human Face Detection in Visual Scenes , 1995, NIPS.

[83]  Ronald Rosenfeld,et al.  A maximum entropy approach to adaptive statistical language modelling , 1996, Comput. Speech Lang..

[84]  Joseph K. Kearney,et al.  On Animating Whip-type Motions , 1996 .

[85]  G. Kitagawa Monte Carlo Filter and Smoother for Non-Gaussian Nonlinear State Space Models , 1996 .

[86]  Finn Verner Jensen,et al.  Introduction to Bayesian Networks , 2008, Innovations in Bayesian Networks.

[87]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Animating human locomotion with inverse dynamics , 1996, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[88]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Finding Naked People , 1996, ECCV.

[89]  Radford M. Neal Sampling from multimodal distributions using tempered transitions , 1996, Stat. Comput..

[90]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Cardboard people: a parameterized model of articulated image motion , 1996, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition.

[91]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Real-Time Inverse Kinematics of the Human Arm , 1996, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[92]  Michael F. Cohen,et al.  Efficient generation of motion transitions using spacetime constraints , 1996, SIGGRAPH.

[93]  Adam L. Berger,et al.  A Maximum Entropy Approach to Natural Language Processing , 1996, CL.

[94]  David J. Fleet,et al.  Learning parameterized models of image motion , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[95]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Body plans , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[96]  J. Hahn,et al.  Interpolation Synthesis of Articulated Figure Motion , 1997, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[97]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Motion editing with spacetime constraints , 1997, SI3D.

[98]  Y. Weiss Belief Propagation and Revision in Networks with Loops , 1997 .

[99]  Sylvia Richardson,et al.  Markov Chain Monte Carlo in Practice , 1997 .

[100]  Ian D. Walker,et al.  Minimum effort inverse kinematics for redundant manipulators , 1997, IEEE Trans. Robotics Autom..

[101]  Jake K. Aggarwal,et al.  Human motion analysis: a review , 1999, Proceedings IEEE Nonrigid and Articulated Motion Workshop.

[102]  Alex Pentland,et al.  Pfinder: Real-Time Tracking of the Human Body , 1997, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[103]  Federico Girosi,et al.  Training support vector machines: an application to face detection , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[104]  Bobby Bodenheimer,et al.  The Process of Motion Capture: Dealing with the Data , 1997, Computer Animation and Simulation.

[105]  John D. Lafferty,et al.  Inducing Features of Random Fields , 1995, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[106]  Robert Buderi,et al.  The invention that changed the world : the story of radar from war to peace , 1997 .

[107]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Pedestrian detection using wavelet templates , 1997, Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[108]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Adapting simulated behaviors for new characters , 1997, SIGGRAPH.

[109]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Do Geometric Models Affect Judgments of Human Motion? , 1997, Graphics Interface.

[110]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[111]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  W4S : A real-time system for detecting and tracking people in 2 D , 1998, eccv 1998.

[112]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Learning to Find Pictures of People , 1998, NIPS.

[113]  Vladimir Vapnik,et al.  Statistical learning theory , 1998 .

[114]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Neural Network-Based Face Detection , 1998, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[115]  Fang Liu,et al.  Finding periodicity in space and time , 1998, Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271).

[116]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Local and Global Skeleton Fitting Techniques for Optical Motion Capture , 1998, CAPTECH.

[117]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Rotation Invariant Neural Network-Based Face Detection , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[118]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  View-based detection and analysis of periodic motion , 1998, Proceedings. Fourteenth International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98EX170).

[119]  Jake K. Aggarwal,et al.  Nonrigid Motion Analysis: Articulated and Elastic Motion , 1998, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[120]  Takuya Kondo,et al.  Incremental tracking of human actions from multiple views , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[121]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Perception of Human Motion With Different Geometric Models , 1998, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[122]  Michiel van de Panne,et al.  Footprint-based Quadruped Motion Synthesis , 1998, Graphics Interface.

[123]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  A general framework for object detection , 1998, Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271).

[124]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  Using adaptive tracking to classify and monitor activities in a site , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[125]  Michael Isard,et al.  Active Contours: The Application of Techniques from Graphics, Vision, Control Theory and Statistics to Visual Tracking of Shapes in Motion , 2000 .

[126]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Tracking people with twists and exponential maps , 1998, Proceedings. 1998 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No.98CB36231).

[127]  Michael Isard,et al.  ICONDENSATION: Unifying Low-Level and High-Level Tracking in a Stochastic Framework , 1998, ECCV.

[128]  Geoffrey E. Hinton,et al.  NeuroAnimator: fast neural network emulation and control of physics-based models , 1998, SIGGRAPH.

[129]  Matthew Brand,et al.  An Entropic Estimator for Structure Discovery , 1998, NIPS.

[130]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Gesticulation behaviors for virtual humans , 1998, Proceedings Pacific Graphics '98. Sixth Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications (Cat. No.98EX208).

[131]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  W4S: A real-time system detecting and tracking people in 2 1/2D , 1998, ECCV.

[132]  J. Little,et al.  Recognizing People by Their Gait: The Shape of Motion , 1998 .

[133]  Jake K. Aggarwal,et al.  Automatic tracking of human motion in indoor scenes across multiple synchronized video streams , 1998, Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36271).

[134]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Movement control methods for complex, dynamically simulated agents: Adonis dances the Macarena , 1998, AGENTS '98.

[135]  Michael F. Cohen,et al.  Verbs and Adverbs: Multidimensional Motion Interpolation , 1998, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[136]  Zoran Popovic,et al.  Physically based motion transformation , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[137]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Tracking and Modifying Upper-body Human Motion Data with Dynamic Simulation , 1999, Computer Animation and Simulation.

[138]  Matthew Brand,et al.  Shadow puppetry , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[139]  Michael I. Jordan,et al.  Loopy Belief Propagation for Approximate Inference: An Empirical Study , 1999, UAI.

[140]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  A pattern classification approach to dynamical object detection , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[141]  Roberto Cipolla,et al.  Real-time tracking of complex structures with on-line camera calibration , 2002, Image and Vision Computing.

[142]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Trainable pedestrian detection , 1999, Proceedings 1999 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. 99CH36348).

[143]  Olivier D. Faugeras,et al.  3D articulated models and multi-view tracking with silhouettes , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[144]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Classification of human body motion , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[145]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Tracking through singularities and discontinuities by random sampling , 1999, Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[146]  James M. Rehg,et al.  A multiple hypothesis approach to figure tracking , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[147]  Yoshihiko Nakamura,et al.  Making feasible walking motion of humanoid robots from human motion capture data , 1999, Proceedings 1999 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.99CH36288C).

[148]  William T. Freeman,et al.  Bayesian Reconstruction of 3D Human Motion from Single-Camera Video , 1999, NIPS.

[149]  M. Pandy,et al.  A Dynamic Optimization Solution for Vertical Jumping in Three Dimensions. , 1999, Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.

[150]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Animation from observation: Motion capture and motion editing , 1999, COMG.

[151]  Sung Yong Shin,et al.  A hierarchical approach to interactive motion editing for human-like figures , 1999, SIGGRAPH.

[152]  Dariu Gavrila,et al.  The Visual Analysis of Human Movement: A Survey , 1999, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[153]  탁세윤,et al.  Example Guided Inverse Kinematics , 1999 .

[154]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Sampling, resampling and colour constancy , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[155]  Samuel S. Blackman,et al.  Design and Analysis of Modern Tracking Systems , 1999 .

[156]  Alberto Menache,et al.  Understanding Motion Capture for Computer Animation and Video Games , 1999 .

[157]  Franck Multon,et al.  Computer Animation of Human Walking: a Survey , 1999 .

[158]  Ramin Zabih,et al.  Counting people from multiple cameras , 1999, Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems.

[159]  Michael E. Tipping The Relevance Vector Machine , 1999, NIPS.

[160]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  Real-time periodic motion detection, analysis, and applications , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[161]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking , 1999, Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149).

[162]  Matthew Brand,et al.  Structure Learning in Conditional Probability Models via an Entropic Prior and Parameter Extinction , 1999, Neural Computation.

[163]  Jake K. Aggarwal,et al.  Human Motion Analysis: A Review , 1999, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[164]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  A real time system for robust 3D voxel reconstruction of human motions , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[165]  W. Eric L. Grimson,et al.  Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[166]  Liang Zhao,et al.  Stereo- and neural network-based pedestrian detection , 2000, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst..

[167]  Azriel Rosenfeld,et al.  Tracking Groups of People , 2000, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[168]  Thomas Kalinke,et al.  Walking pedestrian recognition , 2000, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst..

[169]  Nancy S. Pollard,et al.  Force-based motion editing for locomotion tasks , 2000, Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065).

[170]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  A statistical method for 3D object detection applied to faces and cars , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[171]  J.E. Boyd,et al.  Phase in model-free perception of gait , 2000, Proceedings Workshop on Human Motion.

[172]  David J. Fleet,et al.  Stochastic Tracking of 3D Human Figures Using 2D Image Motion , 2000, ECCV.

[173]  Hyeong-Seok Ko,et al.  Motion Balance Filtering , 2000, Comput. Graph. Forum.

[174]  Xavier Binefa,et al.  Robust Real-Time Periodic Motion Detection, Analysis, and Applications , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[175]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  Robust periodic motion and motion symmetry detection , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[176]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  W4: Real-Time Surveillance of People and Their Activities , 2000, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[177]  L. Brown A radar history of World War 2 technical and military imperatives , 2000, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[178]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Viewpoint-invariant learning and detection of human heads , 2000, Proceedings Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (Cat. No. PR00580).

[179]  Camillo J. Taylor,et al.  Reconstruction of Articulated Objects from Point Correspondences in a Single Uncalibrated Image , 2000, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[180]  Norman I. Badler,et al.  Real-Time Inverse Kinematics Techniques for Anthropomorphic Limbs , 2000, Graph. Model..

[181]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Efficient matching of pictorial structures , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[182]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Articulated body motion capture by annealed particle filtering , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[183]  Massimo Bertozzi,et al.  Shape-based pedestrian detection , 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2000 (Cat. No.00TH8511).

[184]  Dariu Gavrila,et al.  Pedestrian Detection from a Moving Vehicle , 2000, ECCV.

[185]  Vladimir N. Vapnik,et al.  The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory , 2000, Statistics for Engineering and Information Science.

[186]  Michael Isard,et al.  Partitioned Sampling, Articulated Objects, and Interface-Quality Hand Tracking , 2000, ECCV.

[187]  Touradj Ebrahimi,et al.  Video object extraction based on adaptive background and statistical change detection , 2000, IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging.

[188]  Ioannis A. Kakadiaris,et al.  Estimating anthropometry and pose from a single image , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[189]  Roberto Cipolla,et al.  Real-Time Tracking of Multiple Articulated Structures in Multiple Views , 2000, ECCV.

[190]  James H. Martin,et al.  Speech and Language Processing: An Introduction to Natural Language Processing, Computational Linguistics, and Speech Recognition , 2000 .

[191]  Constantine Papageorgiou,et al.  A trainable system for object detection in images and video sequences , 2000 .

[192]  Rong Zhang,et al.  Integrating bottom-up/top-down for object recognition by data driven Markov chain Monte Carlo , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[193]  Yang Song,et al.  Towards detection of human motion , 2000, Proceedings IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2000 (Cat. No.PR00662).

[194]  Marcus G. Pandy,et al.  Dynamic Simulation of Human Movement Using Large-Scale Models of the Body , 2000, Phonetica.

[195]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Statistical Foreground Modelling for Object Localisation , 2000, ECCV.

[196]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Comparing Constraint-Based Motion Editing Methods , 2001, Graph. Model..

[197]  Adrian Hilton,et al.  Human Shape Estimation in a Multi-Camera Studio , 2001, BMVC.

[198]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Mixtures of trees for object recognition , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[199]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Learning inverse kinematics , 2001, Proceedings 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Expanding the Societal Role of Robotics in the the Next Millennium (Cat. No.01CH37180).

[200]  Roberto Cipolla,et al.  Real-time tracking of highly articulated structures in the presence of noisy measurements , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[201]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Covariance scaled sampling for monocular 3D body tracking , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[202]  Radford M. Neal Annealed importance sampling , 1998, Stat. Comput..

[203]  Olivier D. Faugeras,et al.  3D Articulated Models and Multiview Tracking with Physical Forces , 2001, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[204]  Michael E. Tipping Sparse Bayesian Learning and the Relevance Vector Machine , 2001, J. Mach. Learn. Res..

[205]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Learning image statistics for Bayesian tracking , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[206]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  Example-Based Object Detection in Images by Components , 2001, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[207]  Ioannis A. Kakadiaris,et al.  Estimating Anthropometry and Pose from a Single Uncalibrated Image , 2001, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[208]  Petros Faloutsos,et al.  The virtual stuntman: dynamic characters with a repertoire of autonomous motor skills , 2001, Comput. Graph..

[209]  Harry Shum,et al.  Image segmentation by data driven Markov chain Monte Carlo , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[210]  Dariu Gavrila,et al.  Sensor-Based Pedestrian Protection , 2001, IEEE Intell. Syst..

[211]  Alexander J. Smola,et al.  Learning with Kernels: support vector machines, regularization, optimization, and beyond , 2001, Adaptive computation and machine learning series.

[212]  Ian D. Reid,et al.  Automatic partitioning of high dimensional search spaces associated with articulated body motion capture , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[213]  Jie Zhou,et al.  A novel algorithm of adaptive background estimation , 2001, Proceedings 2001 International Conference on Image Processing (Cat. No.01CH37205).

[214]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Tracking and Modeling People in Video Sequences , 2001, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[215]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Probabilistic tracking in a metric space , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[216]  Sung Yong Shin,et al.  Computer puppetry: An importance-based approach , 2001, TOGS.

[217]  Nando de Freitas,et al.  Sequential Monte Carlo Methods in Practice , 2001, Statistics for Engineering and Information Science.

[218]  Thiagalingam Kirubarajan,et al.  Estimation with Applications to Tracking and Navigation , 2001 .

[219]  Stan Sclaroff,et al.  3D hand pose reconstruction using specialized mappings , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[220]  Sergey Ioffe,et al.  Human tracking with mixtures of trees , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[221]  Jun S. Liu,et al.  Monte Carlo strategies in scientific computing , 2001 .

[222]  Song-Chun Zhu,et al.  Learning inhomogeneous Gibbs model of faces by minimax entropy , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[223]  Petros Faloutsos,et al.  Composable controllers for physics-based character animation , 2001, SIGGRAPH.

[224]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features , 2001, Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001.

[225]  David J. Fleet,et al.  People tracking using hybrid Monte Carlo filtering , 2001, Proceedings Eighth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV 2001.

[226]  Michael E. Tipping,et al.  Analysis of Sparse Bayesian Learning , 2001, NIPS.

[227]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Automated Derivation of Primitives for Movement Classification , 2000, Auton. Robots.

[228]  Hinrich Schütze,et al.  Book Reviews: Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing , 1999, CL.

[229]  Harry Shum,et al.  Motion texture: a two-level statistical model for character motion synthesis , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[230]  Stan Sclaroff,et al.  An appearance-based framework for 3D hand shape classification and camera viewpoint estimation , 2002, Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition.

[231]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Interactive control of avatars animated with human motion data , 2002, SIGGRAPH.

[232]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Human Pose Estimation from Silhouettes - A Consistent Approach Using Distance Level Sets , 2002, WSCG.

[233]  I. Jolliffe Principal Component Analysis , 2002 .

[234]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Hyperdynamics Importance Sampling , 2002, ECCV.

[235]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Building Roadmaps of Local Minima of Visual Models , 2002, ECCV.

[236]  Christoph Bregler,et al.  Motion capture assisted animation: texturing and synthesis , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[237]  Lucas Kovar,et al.  Footskate cleanup for motion capture editing , 2002, SCA '02.

[238]  Eamonn Keogh Exact Indexing of Dynamic Time Warping , 2002, VLDB.

[239]  A. Senior Tracking people with probabilistic appearance models , 2002 .

[240]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Computer animation , 2002 .

[241]  Jiebo Luo,et al.  Clothed people detection in still images , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[242]  Roberto Cipolla,et al.  Real-Time Visual Tracking of Complex Structures , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[243]  Okan Arikan,et al.  Interactive motion generation from examples , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[244]  Jean Ponce,et al.  Computer Vision: A Modern Approach , 2002 .

[245]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Motion capture-driven simulations that hit and react , 2002, SCA '02.

[246]  Mubarak Shah,et al.  Tracking and Object Classification for Automated Surveillance , 2002, ECCV.

[247]  Gavin C. Cawley,et al.  Non-retrieval: Blocking Pornographic Images , 2002, CIVR.

[248]  Sung Yong Shin,et al.  On-line locomotion generation based on motion blending , 2002, SCA '02.

[249]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Evaluating video-based motion capture , 2002, Proceedings of Computer Animation 2002 (CA 2002).

[250]  A. Farina,et al.  A comparative study of the Benes filtering problem , 2002, Signal Process..

[251]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Estimating Human Body Configurations Using Shape Context Matching , 2002, ECCV.

[252]  Stefan Carlsson,et al.  Recognizing and Tracking Human Action , 2002, ECCV.

[253]  Baihua Li,et al.  Recognition of human periodic motion-a frequency domain approach , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[254]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Learning to Parse Pictures of People , 2002, ECCV.

[255]  Roman Goldenberg,et al.  'Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash' or Behavior Classification by Eigen-Decomposition of Periodic Motions , 2002, ECCV.

[256]  Zhuowen Tu,et al.  Image Segmentation by Data-Driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo , 2002, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[257]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Human action recognition by sequence of movelet codewords , 2002, Proceedings. First International Symposium on 3D Data Processing Visualization and Transmission.

[258]  Cristian Sminchisescu Consistency and coupling in human model likelihoods , 2002, Proceedings of Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition.

[259]  C. Karen Liu,et al.  Synthesis of complex dynamic character motion from simple animations , 2002, ACM Trans. Graph..

[260]  William T. Freeman,et al.  Understanding belief propagation and its generalizations , 2003 .

[261]  Stan Sclaroff,et al.  Estimating 3D hand pose from a cluttered image , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[262]  Michael Zyda,et al.  Entertainment R&D for Defense , 2003, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[263]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Kinematic jump processes for monocular 3D human tracking , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[264]  Nancy S. Pollard,et al.  Efficient synthesis of physically valid human motion , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[265]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Motion synthesis from annotations , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[266]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Fast pose estimation with parameter-sensitive hashing , 2003, Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[267]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Automated derivation of behavior vocabularies for autonomous humanoid motion , 2003, AAMAS '03.

[268]  Yang Song,et al.  Unsupervised Learning of Human Motion , 2003, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[269]  Dimitrios Gunopulos,et al.  Fast Motion Capture Matching with Replicated Motion Editing , 2003 .

[270]  Michael Zyda,et al.  The MOVES institute's America's army operations game , 2003, I3D '03.

[271]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Fast Multi-view Face Detection , 2003 .

[272]  Adrian Hilton,et al.  Model-based multiple view reconstruction of people , 2003, Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[273]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Object class recognition by unsupervised scale-invariant learning , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[274]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  Enhancing silhouette-based human motion capture with 3D motion fields , 2003, 11th Pacific Conference onComputer Graphics and Applications, 2003. Proceedings..

[275]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Decomposition of human motion into dynamics-based primitives with application to drawing tasks , 2003, Autom..

[276]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Finding and tracking people from the bottom up , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[277]  Eamonn J. Keogh Efficiently Finding Arbitrarily Scaled Patterns in Massive Time Series Databases , 2003, PKDD.

[278]  Hyun Joon Shin,et al.  Snap-together motion: assembling run-time animations , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[279]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Recognizing action at a distance , 2003, Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[280]  Lucas Kovar,et al.  Flexible automatic motion blending with registration curves , 2003, SCA '03.

[281]  Harry Shum,et al.  An efficient approach to learning inhomogeneous Gibbs model , 2003, 2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings..

[282]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Estimating Articulated Human Motion with Covariance Scaled Sampling , 2003, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[283]  Hans-Peter Seidel,et al.  Free-viewpoint video of human actors , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[284]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Automatic Annotation of Everyday Movements , 2003, NIPS.

[285]  Nello Cristianini,et al.  Kernel Methods for Pattern Analysis , 2003, ICTAI.

[286]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Face Recognition Using Boosted Local Features , 2003 .

[287]  Steven M. Seitz,et al.  Motion sketching for control of rigid-body simulations , 2003, TOGS.

[288]  Zoran Popovic,et al.  Realistic modeling of bird flight animations , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[289]  Bobby Bodenheimer,et al.  An evaluation of a cost metric for selecting transitions between motion segments , 2003, SCA '03.

[290]  Hyun Joon Shin,et al.  Physical touch-up of human motions , 2003, 11th Pacific Conference onComputer Graphics and Applications, 2003. Proceedings..

[291]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Detecting Pedestrians Using Patterns of Motion and Appearance , 2003, Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[292]  Katsu Yamane,et al.  Natural Motion Animation through Constraining and Deconstraining at Will , 2003, IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph..

[293]  Sameer Singh,et al.  Video analysis of human dynamics - a survey , 2003, Real Time Imaging.

[294]  Rong Yan,et al.  A Faster Iterative Scaling Algorithm for Conditional Exponential Model , 2003, ICML.

[295]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Building efficient, accurate character skins from examples , 2003, ACM Trans. Graph..

[296]  Nancy S. Pollard,et al.  Evaluating motion graphs for character navigation , 2004, SCA '04.

[297]  Bernhard Schölkopf,et al.  A tutorial on support vector regression , 2004, Stat. Comput..

[298]  Bjørn Olstad,et al.  Classifying offensive sites based on image content , 2004, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[299]  Jernej Barbic,et al.  Segmenting Motion Capture Data into Distinct Behaviors , 2004, Graphics Interface.

[300]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Extending Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition , 2004, BMVC.

[301]  Joseph L. Mundy,et al.  Fusion of intensity, texture, and color in video tracking based on mutual information , 2004, 33rd Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR'04).

[302]  Sung Yong Shin,et al.  On-line motion blending for real-time locomotion generation: Research Articles , 2004 .

[303]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Probabilistic Methods for Finding People , 2001, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[304]  F. Multon,et al.  Do handball throws always exhibit a proximal-to-distal segmental sequence? , 2004, Journal of sports sciences.

[305]  Bobby Bodenheimer,et al.  Computing the duration of motion transitions: an empirical approach , 2004, SCA '04.

[306]  B. Schiele,et al.  Combined Object Categorization and Segmentation With an Implicit Shape Model , 2004 .

[307]  Ian D. Reid,et al.  Articulated Body Motion Capture by Stochastic Search , 2005, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[308]  Matthew Stone,et al.  Speaking with hands: creating animated conversational characters from recordings of human performance , 2004, SIGGRAPH 2004.

[309]  Matthew Liverman,et al.  The Animator's Motion Capture Guide: Organizing, Managing, and Editing , 2004 .

[310]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  A survey on visual surveillance of object motion and behaviors , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C (Applications and Reviews).

[311]  Andrew Blake,et al.  A Probabilistic Exclusion Principle for Tracking Multiple Objects , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[312]  Stefan Carlsson,et al.  Monocular 3D Reconstruction of Human Motion in Long Action Sequences , 2004, ECCV.

[313]  C. Karen Liu,et al.  Momentum-based parameterization of dynamic character motion , 2004, SCA '04.

[314]  Aaron Hertzmann,et al.  Style-based inverse kinematics , 2004, SIGGRAPH 2004.

[315]  Corinna Cortes,et al.  Support-Vector Networks , 1995, Machine Learning.

[316]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Scalable Techniques from Nonparametric Statistics for Real Time Robot Learning , 2002, Applied Intelligence.

[317]  Mun Wai Lee,et al.  Human Upper Body Pose Estimation in Static Images , 2004, ECCV.

[318]  Chih-Yi Chiu,et al.  Content-based retrieval for human motion data , 2004, J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent..

[319]  L. Davis,et al.  M2Tracker: A Multi-View Approach to Segmenting and Tracking People in a Cluttered Scene , 2003, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[320]  Cristian Sminchisescu,et al.  Building Roadmaps of Minima and Transitions in Visual Models , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[321]  Randal C. Nelson,et al.  Detection and Recognition of Periodic, Nonrigid Motion , 1997, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[322]  Larry S. Davis,et al.  Learned Models for Estimation of Rigid and Articulated Human Motion from Stationary or Moving Camera , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[323]  Sei-Wang Chen,et al.  Pedestrian detection and tracking at crossroads , 2004, Pattern Recognit..

[324]  Ronan Boulic,et al.  An inverse kinematics architecture enforcing an arbitrary number of strict priority levels , 2004, The Visual Computer.

[325]  D.M. Gavrila,et al.  Vision-based pedestrian detection: the PROTECTOR system , 2004, IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, 2004.

[326]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Gibbs likelihoods for Bayesian tracking , 2004, CVPR 2004.

[327]  Yan Ke,et al.  PCA-SIFT: a more distinctive representation for local image descriptors , 2004, CVPR 2004.

[328]  Dimitrios Gunopulos,et al.  Indexing Large Human-Motion Databases , 2004, VLDB.

[329]  Adrian Hilton,et al.  Multiple view reconstruction of people , 2004 .

[330]  Raffaele Di Gregorio,et al.  On the Modeling of Passive Motion of the Human Knee Joint by Means of Equivalent Planar and Spatial Parallel Mechanisms , 2004, Auton. Robots.

[331]  J. Kittler,et al.  Periodic human motion description for sports video databases , 2004, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004..

[332]  David G. Lowe,et al.  Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[333]  Ankur Agarwal,et al.  Tracking Articulated Motion Using a Mixture of Autoregressive Models , 2004, ECCV.

[334]  Branko Ristic,et al.  Beyond the Kalman Filter: Particle Filters for Tracking Applications , 2004 .

[335]  Demetri Terzopoulos,et al.  Snakes: Active contour models , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[336]  Ankur Agarwal,et al.  Learning to track 3D human motion from silhouettes , 2004, ICML.

[337]  Michael Isard,et al.  CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation for Visual Tracking , 1998, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[338]  Aaron F. Bobick,et al.  Fast Lighting Independent Background Subtraction , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[339]  Michael Isard,et al.  Tracking loose-limbed people , 2004, CVPR 2004.

[340]  Tieniu Tan,et al.  A novel approach to detecting adult images , 2000, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004..

[341]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Twist Based Acquisition and Tracking of Animal and Human Kinematics , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[342]  Michael Gleicher,et al.  Automated extraction and parameterization of motions in large data sets , 2004, SIGGRAPH 2004.

[343]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Robust Real-Time Face Detection , 2001, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[344]  Andrew Blake,et al.  Probabilistic Tracking with Exemplars in a Metric Space , 2002, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[345]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  Making Complex Articulated Agents Dance , 1999, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[346]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Synthesizing physically realistic human motion in low-dimensional, behavior-specific spaces , 2004, SIGGRAPH 2004.

[347]  Steven M. Seitz,et al.  View-Invariant Analysis of Cyclic Motion , 1997, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[348]  Sung Yong Shin,et al.  On‐line motion blending for real‐time locomotion generation , 2004, Comput. Animat. Virtual Worlds.

[349]  Michael J. Black,et al.  Learning the Statistics of People in Images and Video , 2003, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[350]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Virtual Visual Hulls: Example-Based 3D Shape Inference from Silhouettes , 2004, ECCV Workshop SMVP.

[351]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Integrated Person Tracking Using Stereo, Color, and Pattern Detection , 2000, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[352]  Nicholas R. Howe,et al.  Silhouette Lookup for Automatic Pose Tracking , 2004, 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop.

[353]  Stephen J. McKenna,et al.  Human Pose Estimation Using Learnt Probabilistic Region Similarities and Partial Configurations , 2004, ECCV.

[354]  Daniel P. Huttenlocher,et al.  Pictorial Structures for Object Recognition , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[355]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Enriching a motion collection by transplanting limbs , 2004, SCA '04.

[356]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  The Joy of Sampling , 2004, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[357]  H. Harlyn Baker,et al.  Building surfaces of evolution: The Weaving Wall , 1989, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[358]  Vincent Lepetit,et al.  Markov-based Silhouette Extraction for Three--Dimensional Body Tracking in Presence of Cluttered Background , 2004, BMVC.

[359]  Tomaso A. Poggio,et al.  A Trainable System for Object Detection , 2000, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[360]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Automatic Detection of Human Nudes , 1999, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[361]  C. Jeong,et al.  Appearance-based nude image detection , 2004, ICPR 2004.

[362]  David J. C. MacKay,et al.  Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory.

[363]  Maja J. Mataric,et al.  A spatio-temporal extension to Isomap nonlinear dimension reduction , 2004, ICML.

[364]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  Human Detection Based on a Probabilistic Assembly of Robust Part Detectors , 2004, ECCV.

[365]  M. Lee,et al.  Proposal maps driven MCMC for estimating human body pose in static images , 2004, CVPR 2004.

[366]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Strike a pose: tracking people by finding stylized poses , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[367]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Skeletal Parameter Estimation from Optical Motion Capture Data , 2005, CVPR.

[368]  Bernt Schiele,et al.  Pedestrian detection in crowded scenes , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[369]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Classifier-based Contour Tracking for Rigid and Deformable Objects , 2005, BMVC.

[370]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Tracking People and Recognizing Their Activities , 2005, CVPR.

[371]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Shape-From-Silhouette Across Time Part II: Applications to Human Modeling and Markerless Motion Tracking , 2005, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[372]  Richard Bowden,et al.  Detection and Tracking of Humans by Probabilistic Body Part Assembly , 2005, BMVC.

[373]  C. K. Liu,et al.  Learning physics-based motion style with nonlinear inverse optimization , 2005, SIGGRAPH 2005.

[374]  Stan Sclaroff,et al.  Periodic Motion Detection and Estimation via Space-Time Sampling , 2005, 2005 Seventh IEEE Workshops on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1.

[375]  Paul A. Viola,et al.  Detecting Pedestrians Using Patterns of Motion and Appearance , 2005, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[376]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Analyzing the physical correctness of interpolated human motion , 2005, SCA '05.

[377]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Human Body Pose Recognition Using Spatio-Temporal Templates , 2005, ICCV 2005.

[378]  Adrian Hilton,et al.  Virtual view synthesis of people from multiple view video sequences , 2005, Graph. Model..

[379]  Tido Röder,et al.  Efficient content-based retrieval of motion capture data , 2005, SIGGRAPH 2005.

[380]  Roman Goldenberg,et al.  Behavior classification by eigendecomposition of periodic motions , 2005, Pattern Recognit..

[381]  Ruzena Bajcsy,et al.  Segmentation of range images as the search for geometric parametric models , 1995, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[382]  Jessica K. Hodgins,et al.  Performance animation from low-dimensional control signals , 2005, SIGGRAPH 2005.

[383]  Andrew Zisserman,et al.  Person Spotting: Video Shot Retrieval for Face Sets , 2005, CIVR.

[384]  Learning silhouette features for control of human motion , 2005, TOGS.

[385]  Gang Hua,et al.  A statistical field model for pedestrian detection , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[386]  Eugene Fiume,et al.  An efficient search algorithm for motion data using weighted PCA , 2005, SCA '05.

[387]  Adrian Hilton,et al.  Spherical matching for temporal correspondence of non-rigid surfaces , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[388]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Shape-From-Silhouette Across Time Part I: Theory and Algorithms , 2005, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[389]  Pascal Fua,et al.  Fast texture-based tracking and delineation using texture entropy , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[390]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Pushing people around , 2005, SCA '05.

[391]  James M. Rehg,et al.  A data-driven approach to quantifying natural human motion , 2005, ACM Trans. Graph..

[392]  Ramakant Nevatia,et al.  Dynamic Human Pose Estimation using Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach , 2005, 2005 Seventh IEEE Workshops on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV/MOTION'05) - Volume 1.

[393]  Bill Triggs,et al.  Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[394]  Ankur Agarwal,et al.  Monocular Human Motion Capture with a Mixture of Regressors , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops.

[395]  Taesoo Kwon,et al.  Motion modeling for on-line locomotion synthesis , 2005, SCA '05.

[396]  Hyeong-Seok Ko,et al.  A physically-based motion retargeting filter , 2005, TOGS.

[397]  Luc Van Gool,et al.  Full body tracking from multiple views using stochastic sampling , 2005, 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05).

[398]  Cordelia Schmid,et al.  A Performance Evaluation of Local Descriptors , 2005, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[399]  Jovan Popovic,et al.  Adaptation of performed ballistic motion , 2005, TOGS.

[400]  David A. Forsyth,et al.  Knowing when to put your foot down , 2006, I3D '06.

[401]  Okan Arikan Compression of motion capture databases , 2006, SIGGRAPH 2006.

[402]  Ankur Agarwal,et al.  Recovering 3D human pose from monocular images , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[403]  Okan Arikan,et al.  Quick Motion Transitions with Cached Multi-way Blends , 2006 .

[404]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Recovering 3D human body configurations using shape contexts , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[405]  Lucas Kovar,et al.  Motion graphs , 2002, SIGGRAPH Classes.