A Pattern of Collaborative Networking for Enhancing Sustainability of Smart Cities

This paper represents a research response to the current vision on transformations regarding the capacity building of smart cities focused towards sustainability, by addressing the knowledge based urban development and collaborative tools that support the development, dissemination, and use of knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to develop a collaborative pattern of knowledge networking, focusing on sustainability goals within a smart city concept, using the logic of the Complex Adaptive System (CAS). The study was carried out in an innovation cluster in Romania; the Social Network Analysis (SNA) was used as a tool to perform the study. The results of this analysis, due to the suggested networking, have led to delimitation of the roles that Groups of Competences play to enhance the sustainability of smart cities in areas where the use of knowledge has the greatest impact. Results show that the success of the smart solutions’ implementation depends on how the social and competence structures of the network are shaped and whether it permanently adapts to fit the sustainability objectives in the considered areas.

[1]  Jane Burry,et al.  Applying social network analysis to design process research, a case study , 2014 .

[2]  J. Millard,et al.  Mapping Smart Cities in the EU , 2014 .

[3]  E. Uyarra Regional innovation systems revisited: networks, institutions, policy and complexity , 2011 .

[4]  Alasdair Reid,et al.  How to Overcome the Dichotomous Nature of Smart City Research: Proposed Methodology and Results of a Pilot Study , 2018, Smart Cities and Innovative Urban Technologies.

[5]  M. Alberti Cities That Think like Planets: Complexity, Resilience, and Innovation in Hybrid Ecosystems , 2016 .

[6]  Roel Rutten,et al.  Economic Geography of Higher Education: Knowledge, Infrastructure and Learning Regions , 2003 .

[7]  A. Belke,et al.  DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES , 2009 .

[8]  Mark E. J. Newman A measure of betweenness centrality based on random walks , 2005, Soc. Networks.

[9]  E. Rogers,et al.  Diffusion of innovations , 1964, Encyclopedia of Sport Management.

[10]  Stefano Bresciani,et al.  The role of universities in the knowledge management of smart city projects , 2019, Technological Forecasting and Social Change.

[11]  Johannes Glückler Knowledge, Networks and Space: Connectivity and the Problem of Non-Interactive Learning , 2013 .

[12]  Theresa A. Pardo,et al.  Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions , 2011, dg.o '11.

[13]  Jukka Ojasalo,et al.  Collaborative Innovation with External Actors : An Empirical Study on Open Innovation Platforms in Smart Cities , 2016 .

[14]  Katarzyna Musial,et al.  Research Designs for Social Network Analysis , 2014, Encyclopedia of Social Network Analysis and Mining.

[15]  Raffaele Paci,et al.  Innovation Networks and Knowledge Flows Across the European Regions , 2003 .

[16]  Bj⊘rn Asheim,et al.  Knowledge bases and Regional Innovation Systems: Comparing Nordic Clusters. , 2005 .

[17]  Ann Q. Gates,et al.  A collaborative, interdisciplinary initiative for a smart cities innovation network , 2015, 2015 IEEE First International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2).

[18]  H. Willmott,et al.  Qualitative research in business and management , 2014 .

[19]  Ina Fourie,et al.  Research Methods in Information , 2014, Aslib J. Inf. Manag..

[20]  Cristina C. Amitrano,et al.  ICT and sustainability in smart cities management , 2016 .

[21]  Tom Broekel,et al.  Network Structures in Regional Innovation Systems , 2016 .

[22]  Mariacristina Roscia,et al.  Definition methodology for the smart cities model , 2012 .

[23]  J. Barahona Diffusion of ideas, practices, and artifacts : network effects on collective outcomes , 2007 .

[24]  Corina Rădulescu,et al.  Management of Stakeholders in Urban Regeneration Projects. Case Study: Baia-Mare, Transylvania , 2016 .

[25]  Li Zhao,et al.  Mapping the Knowledge Domain of Smart-City Research: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis , 2019, Sustainability.

[26]  Jack Ahern,et al.  Urban landscape sustainability and resilience: the promise and challenges of integrating ecology with urban planning and design , 2012, Landscape Ecology.

[27]  Edward Reid-Smith Research methods in information (2nd ed.) , 2014 .

[28]  M. Enright Regional Clusters: What We Know and What We Should Know , 2003 .

[29]  U. Berardi,et al.  Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives , 2015 .

[30]  C. C. Snow,et al.  A Smart City Is a Collaborative Community , 2016 .

[31]  A New Approach for Analysing National Innovation Systems in Emerging and Developing Countries , 2013 .

[32]  Jane Jacobs,et al.  The Kind of Problem a City Is , 2014 .

[33]  Peter Maskell,et al.  Towards a Knowledge‐based Theory of the Geographical Cluster , 2001 .

[34]  Ajay Agrawal,et al.  Why are some regions more innovative than others? The role of small firms in the presence of large labs , 2014 .

[35]  John H. Miller,et al.  Complex adaptive systems - an introduction to computational models of social life , 2009, Princeton studies in complexity.

[36]  Andreas B. Eisingerich,et al.  How can clusters sustain performance? The role of network strength, network openness, and environmental uncertainty , 2010 .

[37]  R. Hollands Will the real smart city please stand up? , 2008, The Routledge Companion to Smart Cities.

[38]  Mirsad Hadžikadić,et al.  The Fundamentals of Complex Adaptive Systems , 2019, Understanding Complex Systems.

[39]  Mattias Höjer,et al.  Smart Sustainable Cities: Definition and Challenges , 2015, ICT Innovations for Sustainability.

[40]  Denise Pumain,et al.  Urban Research and Complexity , 1998 .

[41]  Miguel P Caldas,et al.  Research design: qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches , 2003 .

[42]  Tobias Müller-Prothmann,et al.  Social Network Analysis: A Practical Method to Improve Knowledge Sharing , 2007 .

[43]  J. Rak,et al.  Smart Cities , 2018, Computer Communications and Networks.

[44]  Anna Corinna Cagliano,et al.  Current trends in Smart City initiatives: some stylised facts , 2014 .

[45]  Tan Yigitcanlar,et al.  Knowledge and the City: Concepts, Applications and Trends of Knowledge-Based Urban Development , 2014 .

[46]  D. E. Slot,et al.  Research methods. , 2016, Journal of the American Dental Association.

[47]  R. Hanneman Introduction to Social Network Methods , 2001 .

[48]  Tan Yigitcanlar,et al.  Knowledge-Based Urban Development: The Local Economic Development Path of Brisbane, Australia , 2008 .

[49]  M. Eremia,et al.  The Smart City Concept in the 21st Century , 2017 .

[50]  Stanley Wasserman,et al.  Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications , 1994, Structural analysis in the social sciences.

[51]  Dessy Irawati,et al.  Clusters, Learning, and Regional Development: Theory and Cases , 2013 .

[52]  Andrés Monzón,et al.  Smart Cities Concept and Challenges - Bases for the Assessment of Smart City Projects , 2015, SMARTGREENS.

[53]  Shana R. Ponelis,et al.  Using Interpretive Qualitative Case Studies for Exploratory Research in Doctoral Studies: A Case of Information Systems Research in Small and Medium Enterprises , 2015 .

[54]  Tobias Muller-Prothmann Use and Methods of Social Network Analysis in Knowledge Management , 2006 .

[55]  The social dynamics of innovation networks , 2014 .