Energy Optimization for Distributed Energy Resources Scheduling with Enhancements in Voltage Stability Margin

The need for developing new methodologies in order to improve power system stability has increased due to the recent growth of distributed energy resources. In this paper, the inclusion of a voltage stability index in distributed energy resources scheduling is proposed. Two techniques were used to evaluate the resulting multiobjective optimization problem: the sum-weighted Pareto front and an adapted goal programming methodology. With this new methodology, the system operators can consider both the costs and voltage stability. Priority can be assigned to one objective function according to the operating scenario. Additionally, it is possible to evaluate the impact of the distributed generation and the electric vehicles in the management of voltage stability in the future electric networks. One detailed case study considering a distribution network with high penetration of distributed energy resources is presented to analyse the proposed methodology. Additionally, the methodology is tested in a real distribution network.

[1]  Abraham Charnes,et al.  Optimal Estimation of Executive Compensation by Linear Programming , 1955 .

[2]  Katsumi Homma,et al.  Efficiently finding the ‘best’ solution with multi-objectives from multiple topologies in topology library of analog circuit , 2009, 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference.

[3]  Thierry Van Cutsem,et al.  A short survey of methods for voltage instability detection , 2011, 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.

[4]  Lotfi A. Zadeh,et al.  Optimality and non-scalar-valued performance criteria , 1963 .

[5]  P. Aravindhababu,et al.  A new reconfiguration scheme for voltage stability enhancement of radial distribution systems , 2009 .

[6]  João Luiz Afonso,et al.  Vehicle-to-Anything Application (V2Anything App) for Electric Vehicles , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[7]  Zita Vale,et al.  An integrated approach for distributed energy resource short-term scheduling in smart grids considering realistic power system simulation , 2012 .

[8]  Frank L. Lewis,et al.  A Distributed Auction-Based Algorithm for the Nonconvex Economic Dispatch Problem , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[9]  O. P. Dubey,et al.  Goal Programming: A Survey (1960-2000) , 2012 .

[10]  Avinash Kumar Sinha,et al.  A comparative study of voltage stability indices in a power system , 2000 .

[11]  Liu Jian,et al.  Study on Voltage Stability of Distribution Networks , 2008, 2008 Workshop on Power Electronics and Intelligent Transportation System.

[12]  Wlodzimierz Ogryczak,et al.  A Goal Programming model of the reference point method , 1994, Ann. Oper. Res..

[13]  Shanxu Duan,et al.  Optimal Integration of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Microgrids , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[14]  Hadi Saadat,et al.  Power System Analysis , 1998 .

[15]  Zita Vale,et al.  Evaluation of the electric vehicle impact in the power demand curve in a smart grid environment , 2014 .

[16]  Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy,et al.  Estimation of voltage stability index in a power system with Plug-in Electric Vehicles , 2010, 2010 IREP Symposium Bulk Power System Dynamics and Control - VIII (IREP).

[17]  Mo-Yuen Chow,et al.  A Survey on the Electrification of Transportation in a Smart Grid Environment , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[18]  P. T. Krein,et al.  Review of the Impact of Vehicle-to-Grid Technologies on Distribution Systems and Utility Interfaces , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[19]  Steven Liu,et al.  Energy Management for Smart Grids With Electric Vehicles Based on Hierarchical MPC , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[20]  A. Charnes,et al.  Management Models and Industrial Applications of Linear Programming , 1961 .

[21]  Martin Braun,et al.  TECHNOLOGICAL CONTROL CAPABILITIES OF DER TO PROVIDE FUTURE ANCILLARY SERVICES , 2007 .

[22]  Kaisa Miettinen,et al.  Nonlinear multiobjective optimization , 1998, International series in operations research and management science.

[23]  H. Morais,et al.  Energy resource scheduling in a real distribution network managed by several virtual power players , 2012, PES T&D 2012.

[24]  W. Stadler.  Multicriteria Optimization in Engineering and in the Sciences , 1988 .

[25]  M. Emiliano.  Mathematical Problems in Engineering , 2014 .

[26]  Zita Vale,et al.  A Hybrid Simulated Annealing approach to handle Energy Resource Management considering an intensive use of Electric Vehicles , 2014 .

[27]  Yang Wang,et al.  Incorporating Generator Equivalent Model Into Voltage Stability Analysis , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[28]  J. Apt,et al.  Lithium-ion battery cell degradation resulting from realistic vehicle and vehicle-to-grid utilization , 2010 .

[29]  H. Glavitsch,et al.  Estimating the Voltage Stability of a Power System , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery.

[30]  Yang Zhichun.  Analytical method of the impact of distributed generation on static voltage stability of distribution network and its development , 2013 .

[31]  I. Y. Kim,et al.  Adaptive weighted-sum method for bi-objective optimization: Pareto front generation , 2005 .

[32]  Mohammad Hassan Moradi,et al.  Multi-objective PFDE algorithm for solving the optimal siting and sizing problem of multiple DG sources , 2014 .

[33]  Federico Milano,et al.  Equivalency of Continuation and Optimization Methods to Determine Saddle-Node and Limit-Induced Bifurcations in Power Systems , 2009, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers.

[34]  Pavlos S. Georgilakis,et al.  Multiobjective genetic algorithm solution to the optimum economic and environmental performance problem of small autonomous hybrid power systems with renewables , 2010 .

[35]  Jasbir S. Arora,et al.  Survey of multi-objective optimization methods for engineering , 2004 .

[36]  Abraham Charnes,et al.  Management Models and Industrial Applications of Linear Programming , 1961 .

[37]  John E. Dennis,et al.  Normal-Boundary Intersection: A New Method for Generating the Pareto Surface in Nonlinear Multicriteria Optimization Problems , 1998, SIAM J. Optim..

[38]  Isabel Praça,et al.  Multilevel Negotiation in Smart Grids for VPP Management of Distributed Resources , 2012, IEEE Intelligent Systems.

[39]  Sandra Bellekom,et al.  Electric cars and wind energy: Two problems, one solution? A study to combine wind energy and electric cars in 2020 in The Netherlands , 2012 .

[40]  Mahmoud Moghavvemi,et al.  Real-time contingency evaluation and ranking technique , 1998 .

[41]  Zita Vale,et al.  Electric Vehicle Scenario Simulator Tool for Smart Grid Operators , 2012 .

[42]  Mahmoud Moghavvemi,et al.  Power system security and voltage collapse: a line outage based indicator for prediction , 1999 .

[43]  G. Irisarri,et al.  Maximum loadability of power systems using interior point nonlinear optimization method , 1997 .

[44]  Nancy L. Rose,et al.  Incentive Regulationin Theory and PracticeElectricity Distribution and Transmission Networks , 2014 .

[45]  T. Van Cutsem,et al.  Voltage instability: phenomena, countermeasures, and analysis methods , 2000, Proc. IEEE.

[46]  Fushuan Wen,et al.  Optimal Dispatch of Electric Vehicles and Wind Power Using Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[47]  Suryanarayana Doolla,et al.  Multiagent-Based Distributed-Energy-Resource Management for Intelligent Microgrids , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[48]  Willett Kempton,et al.  Vehicle-to-grid power fundamentals: Calculating capacity and net revenue , 2005 .

[49]  Wolf-Gerrit Fruh,et al.  Simulation of demand management and grid balancing with electric vehicles , 2012 .

[50]  Gao Zonghe.  A Review on On-line Voltage Stability Monitoring Indices and Methods Based on Local Phasor Measurement , 2010 .

[51]  Dionysios Aliprantis,et al.  Load Scheduling and Dispatch for Aggregators of Plug-In Electric Vehicles , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[52]  Jay F. Whitacre,et al.  The economics of using plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery packs for grid storage , 2010 .

[53]  A. Charnes,et al.  Goal programming and multiple objective optimizations: Part 1 , 1977 .

[54]  T.K.A. Rahman,et al.  A new technique for voltage stability analysis in a power system and improved loadflow algorithm for distribution network , 1995, Proceedings 1995 International Conference on Energy Management and Power Delivery EMPD '95.

[55]  Abbas Rabiee,et al.  Optimal reactive power dispatch for improving voltage stability margin using a local voltage stability index , 2012 .

[56]  Marc Roubens,et al.  Multiple criteria decision making , 1994 .

[57]  Yingsong Huang,et al.  Adaptive Electricity Scheduling in Microgrids , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[58]  Ahmed Yousuf Saber,et al.  Plug-in Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources for Cost and Emission Reductions , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[59]  Reiner Horst,et al.  Introduction to Global Optimization (Nonconvex Optimization and Its Applications) , 2002 .

[60]  Mohsen Guizani,et al.  Battery Status-aware Authentication Scheme for V2G Networks in Smart Grid , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.