Color image watermarking based on orientation diversity and color complexity

Abstract The Just Noticeable Distortion (JND) can reliably measure the perceptual strength in image watermarking, but, it remains a challenge to computationally model the process of embedding watermark without prior knowledge of the image contents. This paper proposed a novel color image watermarking scheme in discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain based on JND, which takes both orientation diversity and color complexity features into account. Firstly, two indicator was introduced which take into account the differences in the texture types and orientation diversity of the Human Visual System (HVS) in the proposed JND contrast masking (CM) processing. In addition, a novel color complexity weight from Cb-channel is used to guarantee the scheme robustness. Then, a novel JND model combined with the proposed contrast masking and color complexity is applied into quantization watermarking scheme. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods for color image watermarking, experimental results using publicly available images show that our proposed scheme is reliable and effective.

[1]  I. Cox,et al.  Improved Spread Transform Dither Modulation using a Perceptual Model: Robustness to Amplitude Scaling and JPEG Compression , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07.

[2]  P. K. Mishra,et al.  Understanding Color Models: A Review , 2012 .

[3]  Qiao Li,et al.  Spread Transform Dither Modulation using a Perceptual Model , 2006, 2006 IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing.

[4]  B. B. Amberker,et al.  Estimating the embedding capacity of a color image using Color Difference , 2010, 2010 Seventh International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks - (WOCN).

[5]  Ju Liu,et al.  Logarithmic Spread-Transform Dither Modulation watermarking Based on Perceptual Model , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[6]  C. Das,et al.  A novel blind robust image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation , 2014 .

[7]  Zhengding Qiu,et al.  Image Watermarking Based on DC Component in DCT , 2008, 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Information Technology Application Workshops.

[8]  Guangming Shi,et al.  A Novel Just Noticeable Difference Model via Orientation Regularity in DCT Domain , 2017, IEEE Access.

[9]  Bin Ma,et al.  Reversible data hiding: Advances in the past two decades , 2016, IEEE Access.

[10]  Ju Liu,et al.  Improved spread transform dither modulation based on robust perceptual just noticeable distortion model , 2015, J. Electronic Imaging.

[11]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[12]  Jun Wang,et al.  Hybrid JND model-guided watermarking method for screen content images , 2018, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[13]  Guangming Shi,et al.  Enhanced Just Noticeable Difference Model for Images With Pattern Complexity , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[14]  Kuo-Cheng Liu.  An improvement of just noticeable color difference estimation , 2016, 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS).

[15]  Kuntal Ghosh,et al.  An HVS Inspired Robust Non-blind Watermarking Scheme in YCbCr Color Space , 2018, Int. J. Image Graph..

[16]  Pietro Perona,et al.  Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context , 2014, ECCV.

[17]  Leslie G. Ungerleider,et al.  The neural basis of biased competition in human visual cortex , 2001, Neuropsychologia.

[18]  D. Ruderman.  The statistics of natural images , 1994 .

[19]  Qingtang Su,et al.  Robust color image watermarking technique in the spatial domain , 2018, Soft Comput..

[20]  Ferda Ernawan,et al.  A Robust Image Watermarking Technique With an Optimal DCT-Psychovisual Threshold , 2018, IEEE Access.

[21]  H. Nothdurft.  Sensitivity for structure gradient in texture discrimination tasks , 1985, Vision Research.

[22]  D. Hubel,et al.  Anatomy and physiology of a color system in the primate visual cortex , 1984, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[23]  C. Mosquera,et al.  Rational dither modulation: a high-rate data-hiding method invariant to gain attacks , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[24]  Jing Li,et al.  Robust Image Watermarking Based on Two-Layer Visual Saliency-Induced JND Profile , 2019, IEEE Access.

[25]  Hao Chen,et al.  Temporal color Just Noticeable Distortion model and its application for video coding , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo.

[26]  Deepu Rajan,et al.  Salient Motion Detection in Compressed Domain , 2013, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[27]  Ju Liu,et al.  Improved logarithmic spread transform dither modulation using a robust perceptual model , 2015, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[28]  B. Scholl,et al.  The Automaticity of Visual Statistical Learning Statistical Learning , 2005 .

[29]  Guangming Shi,et al.  Structural uncertainty based just noticeable difference estimation , 2014, 2014 19th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing.

[30]  Hanqing Lu,et al.  Adaptive Spread-Transform Dither Modulation Using a New Perceptual Model for Color Image Watermarking , 2010, IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst..

[31]  LinLin Shen,et al.  Visual-Patch-Attention-Aware Saliency Detection , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics.

[32]  Weisi Lin,et al.  A Video Saliency Detection Model in Compressed Domain , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[33]  Ju Liu,et al.  Pattern complexity-based JND estimation for quantization watermarking , 2020, Pattern Recognit. Lett..

[34]  Gang Wang,et al.  Embedding color image watermark in color image based on two-level DCT , 2015, Signal Image Video Process..

[35]  Mylène C. Q. Farias,et al.  Detecting tampering in audio-visual content using QIM watermarking , 2016, Inf. Sci..

[36]  Tiegang Gao,et al.  Detection of Seam-Carving Image Based on Benford's Law for Forensic Applications , 2016, Int. J. Digit. Crime Forensics.

[37]  E. Vahedi,et al.  On optimal color coordinate selection for wavelet-based color image watermarking , 2007, 2007 International Conference on Intelligent and Advanced Systems.

[38]  Guangming Shi,et al.  Content complexity based just noticeable difference estimation in DCT domain , 2016, 2016 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA).

[39]  Harsh Sadawarti,et al.  Adaptive digital image watermarking for color images in frequency domain , 2014, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[40]  Jan P. Allebach,et al.  Color difference weighted adaptive residual preprocessing using perceptual modeling for video compression , 2015, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[41]  Tzung-Han Lin.  Hidden Watermark of 3D Models by Just Noticeable Color Difference , 2016, Computational Imaging.

[42]  Shashidhar Ram Joshi,et al.  Comparative Analysis of Color Image Watermarking Technique in RGB, YUV, and YCbCr Color Channels , 2015 .