Self-organising socio-technical description in service systems for supporting smart user decisions in public transport

Exploration to transpose service science principles to guide service systems design.Modelling of value co-creation service interactions embedding customer experience.Description of the Socio-Technical Systems Engineering (STSE) process.Exploratory case study of a real time information and travel planning service.Integration guidelines of the STSE process steps with Presage2 multiagent platform. This paper describes an exploration towards the transposition of service science principles into design guidelines. This aims at capturing value co-creation service interactions embedding customer experience in service design and delivery activities. The new Socio-Technical Systems Engineering (STSE) process is proposed to guide improved design, and it is exemplified with a new real time service that provides integrated information for trip planning in a city. The STSE process supports a high level visual modelling approach assisted by model execution and simulation tools. From a service engineering perspective, the outcomes of this process are artefacts that automatically support consistency among design steps and effective integration of customer experience and stakeholder requirements through iterative cycles related to service design. The application of the STSE process in the design of an exploratory case study of a real time information and travel planning service is validated through simulation using an executable representation of requirements. It can be executed over more complex transport service offerings, with different resource allocation algorithms, or different public transport planning services over a sample of real users requesting information. Results of such a simulation are beneficial for the users, for the service providers, and for the authorities managing public transport in city or metropolitan areas.

[1]  Bratislav Predic,et al.  Enhancing driver situational awareness through crowd intelligence , 2015, Expert Syst. Appl..

[2]  Jorge S. Cardoso,et al.  Evolution and Overview of Linked USDL , 2015, IESS.

[3]  Paul Davidsson,et al.  Agent Based Social Simulation: A Computer Science View , 2002, J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul..

[4]  Dídac Busquets,et al.  The pursuit of computational justice in open systems , 2015, AI & SOCIETY.

[5]  Damianos P. Sakas,et al.  Business Transformation through Service Science: The Road Ahead , 2015 .

[6]  Dídac Busquets,et al.  Self-Organising Common-Pool Resource Allocation and Canons of Distributive Justice , 2012, 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems.

[7]  Andreas Tolk,et al.  Introduction to the modeling and simulation-based systems engineering handbook , 2018, Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering Handbook.

[8]  Dirk Helbing,et al.  Social self-organization : agent-based simulations and experiments to study emergent social behavior , 2012 .

[9]  Ionela Prodan,et al.  Enhancements on the Hyperplanes Arrangements in Mixed-Integer Programming Techniques , 2012, J. Optim. Theory Appl..

[10]  T. Higgins Book reviewSystems engineering handbook: edited by R. E. Machol, W. P. Tanner, Jr., and S. N. Alexander. 1054 pages, diagrams, illustr., New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1965. Price, $29.50 , 1966 .

[11]  Scott E. Sampson The Unified Service Theory , 2010 .

[12]  Waldemar Karwowski,et al.  Customer‐Centered Design of Service Organizations , 2010 .

[13]  Dídac Busquets,et al.  Animation of Self-Organising Resource Allocation Using Presage2 , 2012, 2012 IEEE Sixth International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems.

[14]  Scott E. Sampson,et al.  Foundations and Implications of a Proposed Unified Services Theory , 2006 .

[15]  Jeff A. Estefan,et al.  of Model-Based Systems Engineering ( MBSE ) Methodologies , 2008 .

[16]  Barclay Brown,et al.  Systems Engineering FOR DUMmIES , 2012 .

[17]  Il-Chul Moon Formal agent-based models of social systems , 2014, Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering Handbook.

[18]  Danny Weyns,et al.  Multi-Agent Systems , 2009 .

[19]  Paul P. Maglio,et al.  A service science perspective on business model innovation , 2013 .

[20]  Jeremy V. Pitt,et al.  Utilising social recommendation for decision-making in distributed multi-agent systems , 2015, Expert Syst. Appl..

[21]  Gaurav S. Sukhatme,et al.  Mobile Sensor Network Deployment using Potential Fields : A Distributed , Scalable Solution to the Area Coverage Problem , 2002 .

[22]  Theodor Borangiu,et al.  Building an Extended Ontological Perspective on Service Science , 2014, IESS.

[23]  Chris Davis,et al.  Next Steps in Modelling Socio-Technical Systems: Towards Collaborative Modelling , 2013 .

[24]  Iván García-Magariño,et al.  Agent-oriented modeling and development of a system for crisis management , 2013, Expert Syst. Appl..

[25]  Theodor Borangiu,et al.  Some Aspects Concerning a Generic Service Process Model Building , 2014, IESS.

[26]  R. Fisk,et al.  Understanding value co-creation in complex services with many actors , 2014 .

[27]  Brian F. Tivnan,et al.  Agent-directed simulation for systems engineering , 2009, SpringSim '09.

[28]  Ricardo Pineda,et al.  Service Systems Engineering Applications , 2013, CSER.

[29]  Ricardo Pineda,et al.  Service Systems Engineering: Emerging Skills and Tools , 2012, CSER.

[30]  Noel Carroll,et al.  Service science: an empirical study on the socio-technical dynamics of public sector service network innovation , 2012 .

[31]  Dídac Busquets,et al.  System modeling: Principled operationalization of social systems using Presage2 , 2014, Modeling and Simulation-Based Systems Engineering Handbook.

[32]  Stephen L. Vargo,et al.  Evolving to a New Dominant Logic for Marketing , 2004 .

[33]  Jeremy V. Pitt,et al.  PRESAGE: A Programming Environment for the Simulation of Agent Societies , 2009, ProMAS.

[34]  Robert J. Kauffman,et al.  Service-oriented technology and management: Perspectives on research and practice for the coming decade , 2008, Electron. Commer. Res. Appl..

[35]  Hongzhi Wang,et al.  Brief survey of crowdsourcing for data mining , 2014, Expert Syst. Appl..

[36]  Lia Patrício,et al.  Designing Multi-Interface Service Experiences , 2008 .

[37]  Yuehwern Yih,et al.  Service Enterprise Modeling , 2010 .

[38]  Igor Nikolic,et al.  A method for developing agent-based models of socio-technical systems , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control.

[39]  Yong Peng,et al.  Modelling and designing IT-enabled service systems driven by requirements and collaboration , 2012 .

[40]  Mary Jo Bitner,et al.  Moving Forward and Making a Difference: Research Priorities for the Science of Service , 2010 .

[41]  Carl Hewitt,et al.  Offices are open systems , 1986, TOIS.

[42]  E. Ostrom Understanding Institutional Diversity , 2005 .

[43]  Timothy L.J. Ferris,et al.  Status of the Body of Knowledge and Curriculum to Advance Systems Engineering (BKCASE (trademark)) Project , 2011 .

[44]  Michael J. North,et al.  Tutorial on agent-based modelling and simulation , 2005, Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 2005..

[45]  Alison McKay,et al.  Rethinking Service Design: A Socio-Technical Approach to the Development of Business Models , 2014 .

[46]  Bruce Edmonds,et al.  Towards Good Social Science , 2005, J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul..

[47]  Dídac Busquets,et al.  Formal Models of Social Processes: The Pursuit of Computational Justice in Self-Organising Multi-Agent Systems , 2013, 2013 IEEE 7th International Conference on Self-Adaptive and Self-Organizing Systems.

[48]  Joseph L. Hellerstein Engineering Self-Organizing Systems , 2007, IWSOS.

[49]  Amy L. Ostrom,et al.  Service Research Priorities in a Rapidly Changing Context , 2015 .

[50]  Julia Schindler,et al.  Rethinking the Tragedy of the Commons: The Integration of Socio-Psychological Dispositions , 2012, J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul..

[51]  Jeremy Pitt This Pervasive Day: The Potential and Perils of Pervasive Computing , 2012, This Pervasive Day.

[52]  Jean Berger,et al.  Distributed Intelligent Systems: A Coordination Perspective , 2009 .

[53]  Nuno Jardim Nunes,et al.  Customer experience modeling: from customer experience to service design , 2012 .

[54]  Peter Norvig,et al.  Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach , 1995 .

[55]  David D. Walden,et al.  Systems engineering handbook : a guide for system life cycle processes and activities , 2015 .

[56]  Michael R. Mott Applying the Methods of Systems Engineering to Services Engineering , 2010 .

[57]  Xiao Zheng,et al.  Multi-Agent Coordination for Service Composition , 2010, Agent-Based Service-Oriented Computing.

[58]  Ionela Prodan,et al.  Hyperplane arrangements in mixed-integer programming techniques. Collision avoidance application with zonotopic sets , 2013, 2013 European Control Conference (ECC).

[59]  Juan M. Corchado,et al.  Intelligent business processes composition based on multi-agent systems , 2014, Expert Syst. Appl..

[60]  Levent Yilmaz,et al.  Agent‐Directed Simulation , 2010 .

[61]  G. Brady Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action , 1993 .

[62]  Edella Schlager,et al.  Simulating Common Pool Resource Management Experiments with Adaptive Agents Employing Alternate Communication Routines , 2000, J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul..

[63]  Salima Hassas,et al.  Self-Organisation: Paradigms and Applications , 2003, Engineering Self-Organising Systems.

[64]  B. Edvardsson,et al.  Expanding understanding of service exchange and value co-creation: a social construction approach , 2011 .

[65]  Liang-Chuan Wu,et al.  Improving the global supply chain through service engineering: A services science, management, and engineering-based framework , 2015 .

[66]  Paul P. Maglio,et al.  The service system is the basic abstraction of service science , 2009, Inf. Syst. E Bus. Manag..

[67]  George L. Nemhauser,et al.  Modeling disjunctive constraints with a logarithmic number of binary variables and constraints , 2011, Math. Program..

[68]  Geert Poels,et al.  Service Systems , 2014, SpringerBriefs in Computer Science.

[69]  João Falcão e Cunha,et al.  State of the Art and Future Perspectives for Smart Support Services for Public Transport , 2014, Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing and Robotics.