Values in engineering models: social ramifications of modeling in engineering design

We discuss whether, and if so, in which ways, engineering models are value-laden. In doing so, we propose to distinguish between ‘embedded values’, which are values built into the model, be it intentionally or unintentionally, and ‘implied values’ which are value-laden consequences of the intended use of the models. We present six examples of engineering models and discuss in which ways they are value-laden. On the basis of our empirical material, we elaborate on two mechanisms by which models can become value-laden: indeterminacy of models and the reduction of complexity in modeling.

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