Deep Neural Architectures for Medical Image Semantic Segmentation: Review

Deep learning has an enormous impact on medical image analysis. Many computer-aided diagnostic systems equipped with deep networks are rapidly reducing human intervention in healthcare. Among several applications, medical image semantic segmentation is one of the core areas of active research to delineate the anatomical structures and other regions of interest. It has a significant contribution to healthcare and provides guided interventions, radiotherapy, and improved radiological diagnostics. The underlying article provides a brief overview of deep convolutional neural architecture, the platforms and applications of deep neural networks, metrics used for empirical evaluation, state-of-the-art semantic segmentation architectures based on a foundational convolution concept, and a review of publicly available medical image datasets highlighting four distinct regions of interest. The article also analyzes the existing work and provides open-ended potential research directions in deep medical image semantic segmentation.