Performance Limitations Arising in Closed Loop Control of Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetes

Abstract This paper presents a preliminary study of performance limitations that arise in the closed-loop control of blood glucose, using an autonomous artificial pancreas. It is shown that a major source of limitations is due to model uncertainty, specifically due to the combined effect of the insulin infusion system (IIS), the continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and the human glucose regulatory system. It is argued that the uncertainty associated with each of these elements compromises the achievable closed-loop bandwidth, and, in the presence of disturbances, e.g. meal intake and exercise, the closed-loop response will necessarily be poor. A proposition to overcome this problem is given based on feedforward action.

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