Positioning Methods and Technologies in Mobile and Pervasive Computing

The proliferation of wireless communication and mobile devices with sensing capabilities has given the rise of mobile and pervasive systems and services that offer novel opportunities for users behaving and acting in the environment. The range of services, often referred as location-based services (LBS) and context-aware services, have emerged in many different domains, such as personal navigation, mobile tourist guides, vehicle tracking, traffic monitoring, pervasive healthcare, emergency management, environment protection, analysis of animal behavior, etc. At the heart of these services lies the ability to sense and determine in real-time the location of mobile users. With advances in sensor technologies and wireless communications, various positioning methods and systems have been developed over the past years. This article briefly reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of methods, technologies and systems for positioning and location data collection. These methods are classified and described according to their main characteristics. Examples of LBS applications that utilize appropriate positioning methods are given. Prominent research directions are categorized and discussed. BACKGROUND

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