Modeling LGN Responses during Free-Viewing: A Possible Role of Microscopic Eye Movements in the Refinement of Cortical Orientation Selectivity

Neural activity appears to be essential for the normal development of the orientation-selective responses of cortical cells. It has been proposed that the correlated activity of LGN cells is a crucial component for shaping the receptive fields of cortical simple cells into adjacent, oriented subregions alternately receiving ON- and OFF-center excitatory geniculate inputs. After eye opening, the spatiotemporal structure of neural activity in the early stages of the visual pathway depends not only on the characteristics of the environment, but also on the way the environment is scanned. In this study, we use computational modeling to investigate how eye movements might affect the refinement of orientation tuning in the presence of a Hebbian scheme of synaptic plasticity. Visual input consisting of natural scenes scanned by varying types of eye movements was used to activate a spatiotemporal model of LGN cells. In the presence of different types of movement, significantly different patterns of activity were found in the LGN. Specific patterns of correlation required for the development of segregated cortical receptive field subregions were observed in the case of micromovements, but were not seen in the case of saccades or static presentation of natural visual input. These results suggest an important role for the eye movements occurring during fixation in the refinement of orientation selectivity.