Adaptive beacon placement

Beacon placement strongly affects the quality of spatial localization, a critical service for context-aware applications in wireless sensor networks; yet this aspect of localization has received little attention. Fixed beacon placement approaches such as uniform and very dense placement are not always viable and will be inadequate in very noisy environments in which sensor networks may be expected to operate (with high terrain and propagation uncertainties). We motivate the need for empirically adaptive beacon placement and outline a general approach based on exploration and instrumentation of the terrain conditions by a mobile human or robot agent. We design, evaluate and analyze three novel adaptive beacon placement algorithms using this approach for localization based on RF-proximity. In our evaluation, we find that beacon density rather than noise level has a more significant impact on beacon placement algorithms. Our beacon placement algorithms are applicable to a low (beacon) density regime of operation. Noise makes moderate density regimes more improvable.

[1]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  GPS-less low-cost outdoor localization for very small devices , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[2]  Leonidas J. Guibas,et al.  A Visibility-Based Pursuit-Evasion Problem , 1999, Int. J. Comput. Geom. Appl..

[3]  Andy Hopper,et al.  The active badge location system , 1992, TOIS.

[4]  Gaurav S. Sukhatme,et al.  Embedding robots into the Internet , 2000, Commun. ACM.

[5]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks , 1999, MobiCom 1999.

[6]  David P. Williamson,et al.  Improved approximation algorithms for capacitated facility location problems , 1999, IPCO.

[7]  J. Werb,et al.  Designing a positioning system for finding things and people indoors , 1998 .

[8]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  6th ACM/IEEE International Conference on on Mobile Computing and Networking (ACM MOBICOM ’00) The Cricket Location-Support System , 2022 .

[9]  Sudipto Guha,et al.  A constant-factor approximation algorithm for the k-median problem (extended abstract) , 1999, STOC '99.

[10]  Theodore S. Rappaport,et al.  Wireless communications - principles and practice , 1996 .

[11]  Deborah Estrin,et al.  Adaptive Energy-Conserving Routing for Multihop Ad Hoc Networks , 2000 .

[12]  Peter B. Danzig,et al.  A measurement-based admission control algorithm for integrated services packet networks , 1995, SIGCOMM '95.

[13]  Steven McCanne,et al.  A reliable multicast framework for light-weight sessions and application level framing , 1995, SIGCOMM '95.

[14]  B. Hofmann-Wellenhof,et al.  Global Positioning System , 1992 .

[15]  Paramvir Bahl,et al.  RADAR: an in-building RF-based user location and tracking system , 2000, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2000. Conference on Computer Communications. Nineteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (Cat. No.00CH37064).

[16]  Satish Kumar,et al.  Next century challenges: scalable coordination in sensor networks , 1999, MobiCom.

[17]  Andy Hopper,et al.  A new location technique for the active office , 1997, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[18]  H. Koshima,et al.  Personal locator services emerge , 2000 .

[19]  Peter B. Danzig,et al.  A measurement-based admission control algorithm for integrated service packet networks , 1997, TNET.

[20]  ZHANGLi-xia,et al.  A reliable multicast framework for light-weight sessions and application level framing , 1995 .