Photo-Realistic Simulation of Road Scene for Data-Driven Methods in Bad Weather

Modern data-driven computer vision algorithms require a large volume, varied data for validation or evaluation. We utilize computer graphics techniques to generate a large volume foggy image dataset of road scenes with different levels of fog. We compare with other popular synthesized datasets, including data collected both from the virtual world and the real world. In addition, we benchmark recent popular dehazing methods and evaluate their performance on different datasets, which provides us an objectively comparison of their limitations and strengths. To our knowledge, this is the first foggy and hazy dataset with large volume data which can be helpful for computer vision research in the autonomous driving.

[1]  Raanan Fattal,et al.  Dehazing Using Color-Lines , 2014, ACM Trans. Graph..

[2]  Nick Barnes,et al.  The regular polygon detector , 2010, Pattern Recognit..

[3]  Peter V. Gehler,et al.  Teaching 3D geometry to deformable part models , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[4]  David Vázquez,et al.  Learning appearance in virtual scenarios for pedestrian detection , 2010, 2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[5]  Gaofeng Meng,et al.  Efficient Image Dehazing with Boundary Constraint and Contextual Regularization , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[6]  Giulio Sandini,et al.  A Survey of Artificial Cognitive Systems: Implications for the Autonomous Development of Mental Capabilities in Computational Agents , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.

[7]  Ketan Tang,et al.  Investigating Haze-Relevant Features in a Learning Framework for Image Dehazing , 2014, 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[8]  Michael S. Brown,et al.  Single Image Rain Streak Decomposition Using Layer Priors , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[9]  Michael S. Brown,et al.  A Contrast Enhancement Framework with JPEG Artifacts Suppression , 2014, ECCV.

[10]  Codruta O. Ancuti,et al.  Single Image Dehazing by Multi-Scale Fusion , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.

[11]  Michael S. Brown,et al.  Nighttime Haze Removal with Glow and Multiple Light Colors , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[12]  Jian Sun,et al.  Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[13]  Martial Hebert,et al.  Data-Driven Scene Understanding from 3D Models , 2012, BMVC.

[14]  T. Vaudrey,et al.  Differences between stereo and motion behaviour on synthetic and real-world stereo sequences , 2008, 2008 23rd International Conference Image and Vision Computing New Zealand.

[15]  Michael S. Brown,et al.  Haze Visibility Enhancement: A Survey and Quantitative Benchmarking , 2016, Comput. Vis. Image Underst..

[16]  Robby T. Tan,et al.  Visibility in bad weather from a single image , 2008, 2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[17]  Xiaoou Tang,et al.  Single Image Haze Removal Using Dark Channel Prior , 2011 .

[18]  Jean-Philippe Tarel,et al.  Fast visibility restoration from a single color or gray level image , 2009, 2009 IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[19]  Antonio M. López,et al.  The SYNTHIA Dataset: A Large Collection of Synthetic Images for Semantic Segmentation of Urban Scenes , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[20]  Katsushi Ikeuchi,et al.  Adherent Raindrop Modeling, Detectionand Removal in Video , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[21]  Katsushi Ikeuchi,et al.  Adherent Raindrop Detection and Removal in Video , 2013, 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[22]  Michael Goesele,et al.  Back to the Future: Learning Shape Models from 3D CAD Data , 2010, BMVC.

[23]  Katsushi Ikeuchi,et al.  Raindrop Detection and Removal from Long Range Trajectories , 2014, ACCV.

[24]  P. Cochat,et al.  Et al , 2008, Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie.

[25]  Jean-Philippe Tarel,et al.  Vision Enhancement in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Fog , 2012, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine.

[26]  Sebastian Ramos,et al.  The Cityscapes Dataset for Semantic Urban Scene Understanding , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[27]  Andreas Geiger,et al.  Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite , 2012, 2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[28]  Shree K. Nayar,et al.  All the Images of an Outdoor Scene , 2002, ECCV.

[29]  Andrew J. Chosak,et al.  OVVV: Using Virtual Worlds to Design and Evaluate Surveillance Systems , 2007, 2007 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.

[30]  Michael S. Bernstein,et al.  ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge , 2014, International Journal of Computer Vision.

[31]  Jianxiong Xiao,et al.  DeepDriving: Learning Affordance for Direct Perception in Autonomous Driving , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[32]  Xiaochun Cao,et al.  Single Image Dehazing via Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Networks , 2016, ECCV.

[33]  Michael S. Brown,et al.  Rain Streak Removal Using Layer Priors , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[34]  A. Cantor Optics of the atmosphere--Scattering by molecules and particles , 1978, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.

[35]  T. Georgiadis,et al.  Distant contrast measurements through fog and thick haze , 2001 .

[36]  Qiao Wang,et al.  VirtualWorlds as Proxy for Multi-object Tracking Analysis , 2016, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[37]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Inferring 3D structure with a statistical image-based shape model , 2003, Proceedings Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision.

[38]  Ali Farhadi,et al.  You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection , 2015, 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).

[39]  Nick Barnes,et al.  Fast and Robust Object Detection Using Asymmetric Totally Corrective Boosting , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.

[40]  Silvio Savarese,et al.  Learning to Track: Online Multi-object Tracking by Decision Making , 2015, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV).

[41]  Takeo Kanade,et al.  Learning scene-specific pedestrian detectors without real data , 2015, 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).