Partial force control of constrained floating-base robots

Legged robots are typically in rigid contact with the environment at multiple locations, which add a degree of complexity to their control. We present a method to control the motion and a subset of the contact forces of a floating-base robot. We derive a new formulation of the lexicographic optimization problem typically arising in multi-task motion/force control frameworks. The structure of the constraints of the problem (i.e. the dynamics of the robot) allows us to find a sparse analytical solution. This leads to an equivalent optimization with reduced computational complexity, comparable to inverse-dynamics based approaches. At the same time, our method preserves the flexibility of optimization based control frameworks. Simulations were carried out to achieve different multi-contact behaviors on a 23-degree-of-freedom humanoid robot, validating the presented approach. A comparison with another state-of-the-art control technique with similar computational complexity shows the benefits of our controller, which can eliminate force/torque discontinuities.

[1]  Pierre-Brice Wieber,et al.  Hierarchical quadratic programming: Fast online humanoid-robot motion generation , 2014, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[2]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Inverse dynamics control of floating-base robots with external constraints: A unified view , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[3]  Alexander Herzog,et al.  Experiments with a hierarchical inverse dynamics controller on a torque-controlled humanoid , 2013 .

[4]  Martin de Lasa,et al.  Feature-based locomotion controllers , 2010, ACM Trans. Graph..

[5]  Oussama Khatib,et al.  A unified approach for motion and force control of robot manipulators: The operational space formulation , 1987, IEEE J. Robotics Autom..

[6]  Giulio Sandini,et al.  An experimental evaluation of a novel minimum-jerk cartesian controller for humanoid robots , 2010, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[7]  Alexander Herzog,et al.  Balancing experiments on a torque-controlled humanoid with hierarchical inverse dynamics , 2013, 2014 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[8]  Npi Nnaedozie Aneke Control of underactuated mechanical systems , 2003 .

[9]  Roy Featherstone,et al.  Rigid Body Dynamics Algorithms , 2007 .

[10]  Ludovic Righetti,et al.  Operational Space Control of Constrained and Underactuated Systems , 2011, Robotics: Science and Systems.

[11]  Ming C. Lin,et al.  Free-flowing granular materials with two-way solid coupling , 2010, SIGGRAPH 2010.

[12]  Pierre-Brice Wieber,et al.  Fast resolution of hierarchized inverse kinematics with inequality constraints , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[13]  Adi Ben-Israel,et al.  Generalized inverses: theory and applications , 1974 .

[14]  Nikolaos G. Tsagarakis,et al.  Development of a dynamic simulator for a compliant humanoid robot based on a symbolic multibody approach , 2013, 2013 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM).

[15]  Oussama Khatib,et al.  Control Strategies for Robots in Contact , 2006 .

[16]  Oussama Khatib,et al.  Synthesis and control of whole-body behaviors in humanoid systems , 2007 .

[17]  Robert H. Halstead,et al.  Matrix Computations , 2011, Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing.

[18]  Miomir Vukobratovic,et al.  Zero-Moment Point - Thirty Five Years of its Life , 2004, Int. J. Humanoid Robotics.

[19]  Nicolas Mansard,et al.  A dedicated solver for fast operational-space inverse dynamics , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[20]  Farhad Aghili,et al.  A unified approach for inverse and direct dynamics of constrained multibody systems based on linear projection operator: applications to control and simulation , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[21]  François Keith,et al.  Generation of dynamic motion for anthropomorphic systems under prioritized equality and inequality constraints , 2011, 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[22]  François Keith,et al.  Dynamic Whole-Body Motion Generation Under Rigid Contacts and Other Unilateral Constraints , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[23]  Oussama Khatib,et al.  A whole-body control framework for humanoids operating in human environments , 2006, Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006..

[24]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Optimal distribution of contact forces with inverse-dynamics control , 2013, Int. J. Robotics Res..