Project Thinking as a Strategy for University Education

To prepare IT graduates for professional careers, their education must provide them with "real-life" experience. There are many tasks beyond those of core software engineering and development for which students need training: project management, team building, software estimation and planning, progress tracking, and communication. Project- based learning offers ways to transfer learning of foundational and practical knowledge into "real projects for real clients". The Department of Computer and Information Science at the NTNU has a long tradition for relying heavily on project courses in the education of candidates, both in its 5 year integrated study program (Master of Technology / siv.ing.) and its Bachelor Informatics program. The emphasis on projects follows naturally from the fact that projects are the main working style in the IT industry. The amount of project work in the study plan is scheduled to increase further by study program changes currently being implemented. The programs in question however also maintain a share of more traditional courses where the dominant learning activities are textbook reading, lectures and weekly exercises, so the education as such is not entirely project-based. Furthermore, it is difficult to turn to an entirely project-based style when there are courses from different departments, for instance generic mathematics courses with a huge number of students. Hence, despite the numerous benefits of project-based learning, several practical challenges need to be addressed as we attempt to implement this strategy in a hybrid educational context. The question posed in this article is: Could it be possible, in spite of maintaining a mixture of project-based and other learning styles in a program, to take project-based learning a step further than being applied in single courses? There are several ways projects can be extended between or across different courses, each with potential advantages and disadvantages. For instance, projects can be supported from the contemporary learning systems for fast feedback and continuous monitoring of the progress. Projects can also be shared among several courses taking place in the same semester, or among courses taking place in subsequent semesters. Even more radically - extrapolating the idea of a student e-portfolio - one could consider each student's entire university education as a project, the project goals being the learning goals for the study program in question and single courses being considered as work packages contributing to these overall goals. This might motivate students and allow them to appreciate the whole picture rather than looking at courses as narrow and isolated achievements with a strong focus on exams and grades. The paper provides a classification of different ways in which project learning can be taken beyond the single course context even in study programs where it is (at least in the short term) unavoidable to have a mixture of projects and more traditional teaching.