A reactive controller framework for quadrupedal locomotion on challenging terrain

We propose a reactive controller framework for robust quadrupedal locomotion, designed to cope with terrain irregularities, trajectory tracking errors and poor state estimation. The framework comprises two main modules: One related to the generation of elliptic trajectories for the feet and the other for control of the stability of the whole robot. We propose a task space CPG-based trajectory generation that can be modulated according to terrain irregularities and the posture of the robot trunk. To improve the robot's stability, we implemented a null space based attitude control for the trunk and a push recovery algorithm based on the concept of capture points. Simulations and experimental results on the hydraulically actuated quadruped robot HyQ will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework.

[1]  Roland Siegwart,et al.  Hybrid Operational Space Control for Compliant Legged Systems , 2012, RSS 2012.

[2]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Inverse dynamics control of floating base systems using orthogonal decomposition , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[3]  Sergey V. Drakunov,et al.  Capture Point: A Step toward Humanoid Push Recovery , 2006, 2006 6th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots.

[4]  Twan Koolen,et al.  Capturability-based analysis and control of legged locomotion, Part 2: Application to M2V2, a lower-body humanoid , 2012, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[5]  Ludovic Righetti,et al.  Pattern generators with sensory feedback for the control of quadruped locomotion , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[6]  K. N. Dollman,et al.  - 1 , 1743 .

[7]  G. G. Stokes "J." , 1890, The New Yale Book of Quotations.

[8]  Nicholas Roy,et al.  Editorial: Special Issue on Legged Locomotion , 2011, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[9]  Shuuji Kajita,et al.  Dynamic walk control of a biped robot along the potential energy conserving orbit , 1990, EEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Towards a New Frontier of Applications.

[10]  Ferdinando Cannella,et al.  Design of HyQ – a hydraulically and electrically actuated quadruped robot , 2011 .

[11]  Twan Koolen,et al.  Capturability-based analysis and control of legged locomotion, Part 1: Theory and application to three simple gait models , 2011, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[12]  Victor Juliano De Negri,et al.  WCPG: A Central Pattern Generator for Legged Robots Based on Workspace Intentions , 2011 .

[13]  Auke Jan Ijspeert,et al.  Central pattern generators for locomotion control in animals and robots: A review , 2008, Neural Networks.

[14]  Qijun Chen,et al.  Survey of locomotion control of legged robots inspired by biological concept , 2009, Science in China Series F: Information Sciences.

[15]  A.J. Ijspeert,et al.  Passive compliant quadruped robot using Central Pattern Generators for locomotion control , 2008, 2008 2nd IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics.

[16]  J. Morimoto,et al.  A Biologically Inspired Biped Locomotion Strategy for Humanoid Robots: Modulation of Sinusoidal Patterns by a Coupled Oscillator Model , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Robotics.

[17]  Stefan Schaal,et al.  Compliant quadruped locomotion over rough terrain , 2009, 2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[18]  Kazuhito Yokoi,et al.  The 3D linear inverted pendulum mode: a simple modeling for a biped walking pattern generation , 2001, Proceedings 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. Expanding the Societal Role of Robotics in the the Next Millennium (Cat. No.01CH37180).

[19]  Danwei Wang,et al.  CPG-Inspired Workspace Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Locomotion Control for Quadruped Robots , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics).

[20]  Russ Tedrake,et al.  Inverse Kinematics for a Point-Foot Quadruped Robot with Dynamic Redundancy Resolution , 2007, Proceedings 2007 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[21]  KasabovNikola,et al.  2008 Special issue , 2008 .

[22]  Kevin Blankespoor,et al.  BigDog, the Rough-Terrain Quadruped Robot , 2008 .

[23]  Darwin G. Caldwell,et al.  Dynamic torque control of a hydraulic quadruped robot , 2012, 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[24]  Darwin G. Caldwell,et al.  Torque-control based compliant actuation of a quadruped robot , 2012, 2012 12th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC).

[25]  Oussama Khatib,et al.  Synthesis of Whole-Body Behaviors through Hierarchical Control of Behavioral Primitives , 2005, Int. J. Humanoid Robotics.

[26]  Jun Nakanishi,et al.  Inverse kinematics with floating base and constraints for full body humanoid robot control , 2008, Humanoids 2008 - 8th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots.