Lamination and Within-Area Integration in the Neocortex

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i x I General Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 II Regional and Species Variations in Cortical Architectur e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 B. Laminar Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1. Species Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. Regional Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. Computational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 C. Cell Densities and Laminar Thicknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 1. Overall Thickness and Cells per Unit Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2. Laminar Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 3. Computational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 D. Excitatory Cells and Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. Dendrites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. Axons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 E. Inhibitory Cells and Circuitry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1. Overall Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2. Arborizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 3. Computational Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 F. Concluding Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 G. Appendix: Connectivity Volume Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 III Current Ideas on Modes of Cortical Sensory Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 B. Early Ideas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28 1. Gestalt Psychology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2. Hebb’sOrganization of Behavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 C. Primary and Secondary Cortical Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 D. Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 1. Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2. Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3. Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 E. Attention and Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

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