Sensitivity to horizontal and vertical disparity and orientation preference in areas V1 and V2 of the monkey

It has been suggested that cells are most sensitive to disparities along the axis orthogonal to their orientation preference. To test this assumption we studied the orientation preference of 73 cells sensitive to retinal disparity, 44 from V1 and 29 from V2. Orientation preference and disparity sensitivity were not related in tuned excitatory and tuned inhibitory cells. We found 18 near/far cells with orientation preference. Of these, 10 (56%) had a preferred orientation less than 30% away from the orthogonal to the disparity axis whereas the remaining eight cells (44%) exceeded this value. Our data suggests that the neural mechanisms for encoding retinal disparities present in dynamic random dot stereograms may not be related to the preferred orientation of the cell.

[1]  John H. R. Maunsell,et al.  Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. II. Binocular interactions and sensitivity to binocular disparity. , 1983, Journal of neurophysiology.

[2]  R. Perez,et al.  Binocular Interaction and Sensitivity to Horizontal Disparity in Visual Cortex in the Awake Monkey , 2001, The International journal of neuroscience.

[3]  Kenneth N. Ogle,et al.  INDUCED SIZE EFFECT: I. A NEW PHENOMENON IN BINOCULAR SPACE PERCEPTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE RELATIVE SIZES OF THE IMAGES OF THE TWO EYES , 1938 .

[4]  Y. Chino,et al.  Postnatal Development of Binocular Disparity Sensitivity in Neurons of the Primate Visual Cortex , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[5]  Carlos Acuña,et al.  Cell responses to vertical and horizontal retinal disparities in the monkey visual cortex , 1993, Neuroscience Letters.

[6]  D. Hubel,et al.  Stereoscopic Vision in Macaque Monkey: Cells sensitive to Binocular Depth in Area 18 of the Macaque Monkey Cortex , 1970, Nature.

[7]  R. Perez,et al.  Receptive field organization of disparity‐sensitive cells in Macaque medial superior temporal cortex , 2001, The European journal of neuroscience.

[8]  A. Parker,et al.  Quantitative analysis of the responses of V1 neurons to horizontal disparity in dynamic random-dot stereograms. , 2002, Journal of neurophysiology.

[9]  DH Hubel,et al.  Segregation of form, color, and stereopsis in primate area 18 , 1987, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[10]  Y. Chino,et al.  Binocular spatial phase tuning characteristics of neurons in the macaque striate cortex. , 1997, Journal of neurophysiology.

[11]  R D Freeman,et al.  Neuronal Mechanisms Underlying Stereopsis: How Do Simple Cells in the Visual Cortex Encode Binocular Disparity? , 1995, Perception.

[12]  I. Ohzawa,et al.  Stereoscopic depth discrimination in the visual cortex: neurons ideally suited as disparity detectors. , 1990, Science.

[13]  D. Ferster.  A comparison of binocular depth mechanisms in areas 17 and 18 of the cat visual cortex , 1981, The Journal of physiology.

[14]  Shiping Zhu,et al.  Neurons in parafoveal areas V1 and V2 encode vertical and horizontal disparities. , 2002, Journal of neurophysiology.

[15]  D. Hubel,et al.  Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex , 1962, The Journal of physiology.

[16]  G. Poggio,et al.  Binocular interaction and depth sensitivity in striate and prestriate cortex of behaving rhesus monkey. , 1977, Journal of neurophysiology.

[17]  S. Levay,et al.  Ocular dominance and disparity coding in cat visual cortex , 1988, Visual Neuroscience.

[18]  J. E. W. Mayhew,et al.  A computational model of binocular depth perception , 1982, Nature.

[19]  F Gonzalez,et al.  Receptive field asymmetries and sensitivity to random dot stereograms. , 1996, Archives italiennes de biologie.

[20]  P O Bishop,et al.  Vertical disparity, egocentric distance and stereoscopic depth constancy: a new interpretation , 1989, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B. Biological Sciences.

[21]  G. DeAngelis.  Seeing in three dimensions: the neurophysiology of stereopsis , 2000, Trends in Cognitive Sciences.

[22]  F. Krause,et al.  Binocular matching in monkey visual cortex: Single cell responses to correlated and uncorrelated dynamic random dot stereograms , 1993, Neuroscience.