相关论文
2017 - Optics + Optoelectronics
Coupled data transmission and indoor positioning by using transmitting trichromatic white LEDs and a SiC optical MUX/DEMUX mobile receiver

In this paper, we present an indoor positioning system were trichromatic white LEDs are used both for illumination proposes and as transmitters, and an MUX/DEMUX device, based on a-SiC:H technology, is used as the mobile receiver. OOK modulation scheme was used, and it provides a good trade-off between system performance and implementation complexity. The receiver is implemented using a double p-i-n/pin SiC photodetector with light filtering properties. The relationship between the optical inputs (transmitted data) and the associated digital output levels (received data) is established and decoded. Two topologies are used and tested as lighting plans: the square and the triangular. The key differences between both topologies are discussed in the following. The received signal is used in coded multiplexing techniques for supporting communications and navigation concomitantly on the same channel. The position of the device is estimated using the visible multilateration method by measuring the strength of the MUX signal from several non-collinear transmitters. The location and motion information is calculated by position mapping and estimating the location areas. For both topologies, the transmitted data information, indoor position and motion direction of the mobile device are determined. Data analysis showed that by using a pinpin double photodiode based on a a-SiC:H heterostucture as receiver, and RBGLEDs as transmitters it is possible not only to determine the mobile target’s position but also to infer the motion direction over time, along with the received information in each position.

2017 - 2017 International Conference on Computing and Communication Technologies for Smart Nation (IC3TSN)
Indoor positioning system using visible light communication

Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology using light emitting diodes (LEDs) is spreading as it has huge scope in applications such as indoor positioning. On the subsisting lighting infrastructure trilateration is applied to localize any device, to localize any device, using LED bulbs as host and using its light sensing capability. On-off keying technique is adopted to allow the trusted location coming from many light sources which are uncoordinated over the shared optical medium. Also, in indoor wireless optical communications, OFDM is used to reduce the results of multiple path deformity of the increased data rate and optical channel. VLC being advantageous, an indoor positioning system is designed using LEDs, an image sensor (IS) and an accelerometer sensor (AS) from mobile devices. High exactness is provided by it.

2012 - 2012 Third FTRA International Conference on Mobile, Ubiquitous, and Intelligent Computing
Evaluation of WiFi-Based Indoor (WBI) Positioning Algorithm

This paper proposes an indoor positioning algorithm, WBI based on WiFi Received Signal Strength (RSS) technology in conjunction with trilateration techniques. The WBI algorithm estimates the location using RSS values previously collected from within the area of interest, determine whether it falls within the Min-Max bounding box, corrects for non-line-of-sight propagation effects on positioning errors using Kalman filtering, and finally update the location estimation using Least Square Estimation (LSE). The paper analyzes the complexity of the proposed algorithm and compares its performance against existing algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed WBI algorithm was able to achieve an average accuracy of 2.6 m.

2020 - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Doubling the Accuracy of Indoor Positioning: Frequency Diversity

Determination of indoor position based on fine time measurement (FTM) of the round trip time (RTT) of a signal between an initiator (smartphone) and a responder (Wi-Fi access point) enables a number of applications. However, the accuracy currently attainable—standard deviations of 1–2 m in distance measurement under favorable circumstances—limits the range of possible applications. An emergency worker, for example, may not be able to unequivocally determine on which floor someone in need of help is in a multi-story building. The error in position depends on several factors, including the bandwidth of the RF signal, delay of the signal due to the high relative permittivity of construction materials, and the geometry-dependent “noise gain” of position determination. Errors in distance measurements have unusal properties that are exposed here. Improvements in accuracy depend on understanding all of these error sources. This paper introduces “frequency diversity,” a method for doubling the accuracy of indoor position determination using weighted averages of measurements with uncorrelated errors obtained in different channels. The properties of this method are verified experimentally with a range of responders. Finally, different ways of using the distance measurements to determine indoor position are discussed and the Bayesian grid update method shown to be more useful than others, given the non-Gaussian nature of the measurement errors.

2018 - Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
An Energy-efficient and Lightweight Indoor Localization System for Internet-of-Things (IoT) Environments

Each and every spatial point in an indoor space has its own distinct and stable fingerprint, which arises owing to the distortion of the magnetic field induced by the surrounding steel and iron structures. This phenomenon makes many indoor positioning techniques rely on the magnetic field as an important source of localization. Most of the existing studies, however, have leveraged smartphones that have a relatively high computational power and many sensors. Thus, their algorithmic complexity is usually high, especially for commercial location-based services. In this paper, we present an energy-efficient and lightweight system that utilizes the magnetic field for indoor positioning in Internet of Things (IoT) environments. We propose a new hardware design of an IoT device that has a BLE interface and two sensors (magnetometer and accelerometer), with the lifetime of one year when using a coin-size battery. We further propose an augmented particle filter framework that features a robust motion model and a localization heuristic with small sensory data. The prototype-based evaluation shows that the proposed system achieves a median accuracy of 1.62 m for an office building, while exhibiting low computational complexity and high energy efficiency.

2017 - 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST)
Indoor Wi-Fi positioning algorithm based on combination of Location Fingerprint and Unscented Kalman Filter

Wireless indoor positioning systems have gained more popularity in recent years by taking the advantage of already existing radio infrastructures, which saves extra deployment costs and effort. These systems have been widely used in location tracking, helping people to navigate and use logistics systems etc. Global Positioning System (GPS) works well outside, where there is a direct line of sight between transmitter and receiver, but they lack positioning accuracy in indoor venues, where multipath propagation and complex building structures are big challenges for achieving a certain level of accuracy. Therefore, wireless technology can be used for localization in indoor venues, which does not require direct line of sight communication. Wi-Fi based indoor location systems can achieve low cost and high accuracy at the same time. The most widely used methods in indoor environments based on Wi-Fi are Trilateration technique and Location Fingerprint (LF) technique. Trilateration technique is more noise sensitive than LF technique, while the accuracy of Location Fingerprint technique is greatly affected by a change in environment. In this paper we propose a hybrid structure, the combination of both techniques, which shows that our algorithm can achieve a certain level of accuracy and robustness. The performance of our algorithm has been tested in different scenarios, depending on the path of human motion using Dead Reckoning method (DR), which justify that our proposed algorithm has performed better and achieved a reasonable level of accuracy.

2011 - 2011 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation
Indoor positioning with floor determination in multi story buildings

Floor determination is one of the challenges in indoor positioning research. To date indoor positioning solutions for floor determination have been mainly based on either Fingerprinting [2] or RF-ID [3]. While these solutions have been able to locate persons or equipments accurately even in multi story buildings, these can not be considered as time and cost efficient solutions. Therefore, in this research we present new Wi-Fi based indoor positioning algorithms in order to accommodate the need for limited resources solution in terms of deployment time and cost. While finger-printing and RF-ID based solutions have been targeting sub-meter position accuracy, this research focuses on floor determination only. In addition, in this research we have highlighted two possible approaches by using available Wi-Fi signals for floor determination.

2015 - Optical Engineering
High-accuracy indoor positioning system based on visible light communication

A visible light communication (VLC)-based high-accuracy indoor positioning system is proposed and demonstrated. In this system, the light-emitting diode identification (LED-ID) indicating the position information of the LED can be transmitted to the receiver by the illumination LED through VLC. In the meantime, with the aid of a camera and angular sensors of the mobile device, a coordinate transform can be employed to calculate the relative position between the receiver and the reference LED so that the position of the receiver can be determined. Finally, the experimental results show that 2-cm positioning accuracy can be achieved and the simulation results indicate that the positioning error can be limited within 4.7 cm when the accuracy of angular sensors is 1 deg.

2014 - 2014 International Conference on Smart Communications in Network Technologies (SaCoNeT)
IMAKA-Tate: Secure and efficient privacy preserving for Indoor Positioning applications

IEEE 802 Wireless Indoor Positioning (WIP) techniques (i.e. Received Signal Strengths, Time of Arrival and Angle of arrival) have emerged as prominent solution for various applications in indoor environment. Nevertheless, such positioning techniques introduce tremendous problem in term of security and privacy issues. On the other hand, the enforcement of security mechanism in WIP system is more intricate, as the constrained nature of WIP demands appropriate security method. This paper presents our proposed solution called IMAKA-Tate (Identity protection, Mutual Authentication and Key Agreement using light-weight Tate pairing over super singular curve). This method is tailored to satisfy the security and privacy requirements in WIP system. Indeed, the proposed solution ensures the privacy preserving by protecting the user identity from being reveled by unauthorized. Furthermore, IMAKA-Tate performs mutual authentication and key agreement which enable the protection from various risks and possible attacks in the existing WIP system.

2016 - Pervasive Mob. Comput.
A crowdsourcing-based global indoor positioning and navigation system

This paper presents three key techniques to realize a global indoor positioning system (GIPS), and a global in- and-outdoor integrated navigation system (GINS). A crowdsourcing radio map construction method, a positioning algorithm for crowdsourced radio maps, and an indoor and outdoor environment detection method are developed as the three key techniques. The developed techniques have been integrated into a crowdsourcing-based indoor positioning system, named KAILOS, aiming to realize the GIPS and GINS. The system was deployed at KAIST, Daejeon campus, and now an in- and-outdoor integrated navigation service is available at KAIST campus area. The successful launch of KAILOS foretells that the GIPS and GINS are becoming a reality.

2016 - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
Optimization of the Coverage and Accuracy of an Indoor Positioning System with a Variable Number of Sensors

This paper focuses on optimal sensor deployment for indoor localization with a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Our goal is to obtain an algorithm to deploy sensors taking the number of sensors, accuracy and coverage into account. Contrary to most works in the literature, we consider the presence of obstacles in the region of interest (ROI) that can cause occlusions between the target and some sensors. In addition, we aim to obtain all of the Pareto optimal solutions regarding the number of sensors, coverage and accuracy. To deal with a variable number of sensors, we add speciation and structural mutations to the well-known non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Speciation allows one to keep the evolution of sensor sets under control and to apply genetic operators to them so that they compete with other sets of the same size. We show some case studies of the sensor placement of an infrared range-difference indoor positioning system with a fairly complex model of the error of the measurements. The results obtained by our algorithm are compared to sensor placement patterns obtained with random deployment to highlight the relevance of using such a deployment algorithm.

2008 - 22nd International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (aina 2008)
Enhancing Indoor Positioning Accuracy by Utilizing Signals from Both the Mobile Phone Network and the Wireless Local Area Network

Indoor positioning technology and its accuracy are crucial research topics for ubiquitous computing. While the GSM-based approach has always been used to provide outdoor positioning to compensate the lost of GPS in urban area, we seldom see systems that utilize the GSM-based approach for indoor positioning. On the other hand, the WLAN-based approach is widely used to provide indoor positioning service. However, with its Ad hoc layout and signal fluctuation, it is hard to provide a good performance based on the WLAN-based approach. In this paper, we develop an indoor positioning system that makes use of both GSM and WLAN signals to do location estimation such that the resultant system is more accurate and more stable and thus enhancing the performance of the whole system. Experimental results show that our system is stable and can reach centimeter-level accuracy, which outperforms other existing indoor positioning systems that utilizes a single network only.

2012 - 2012 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM
WILL: Wireless indoor localization without site survey

Indoor localization is of great importance for a range of pervasive applications, attracting many research efforts in the past two decades. Most radio-based solutions require a process of site survey, in which radio signatures are collected and stored for further comparison and matching. Site survey involves intensive costs on manpower and time. In this work, we study unexploited RF signal characteristics and leverage user motions to construct radio floor plan that is previously obtained by site survey. On this basis, we design WILL, an indoor localization approach based on off-the-shelf WiFi infrastructure and mobile phones. WILL is deployed in a real building covering over 1600m2, and its deployment is easy and rapid since site survey is no longer needed. The experiment results show that WILL achieves competitive performance comparing with traditional approaches.

2015 - Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web
Bringing CUPID Indoor Positioning System to Practice

WiFi based indoor positioning has recently gained more attention due to the advent of the IEEE 802.11v standard, requirements by the FCC for E911 calls, and increased interest in location-based services. While there exist several indoor localization techniques, we find that these techniques tradeoff either accuracy, scalability, pervasiveness or cost -- all of which are important requirements for a truly deployable positioning solution. Wireless signal-strength based approaches suffer from location errors, whereas time-of-flight (ToF) based solutions provide good accuracy but are not scalable. Recent solutions address these issues by augmenting WiFi with either smartphone sensing or mobile crowdsourcing. However, they require tight coupling between WiFi infrastructure and a client device, or they can determine the client's location only if it is mobile. In this paper, we present CUPID2.0 which improved our previously proposed CUPID indoor positioning system to overcome these limitations. We achieve this by addressing the fundamental limitations in Time-of-Flight based localization and combining ToF with signal strength to address scalability. Experiments from $6$ cities using $40$ different mobile devices, comprising of more than $2.5$ million location fixes demonstrate feasibility. CUPID2.0 is currently under production, and we expect CUPID2.0 to ignite the wide adoption of WLAN-based positioning systems and their services.

2013 - EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems
Hybrid WSN and RFID indoor positioning and tracking system

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), consisting of a large number of nodes to detect ambient environment, are widely deployed in a predefined area to provide more sophisticated sensing, communication, and processing capabilities, especially concerning the maintenance when hundreds or thousands of nodes are required to be deployed over wide areas at the same time. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, by reading the low-cost passive tags installed on objects or people, has been widely adopted in the tracing and tracking industry and can support an accurate positioning within a limited distance. Joint utilization of WSN and RFID technologies is attracting increasing attention within the Internet of Things (IoT) community, due to the potential of providing pervasive context-aware applications with advantages from both fields. WSN-RFID convergence is considered especially promising in context-aware systems with indoor positioning capabilities, where data from deployed WSN and RFID systems can be opportunistically exploited to refine and enhance the collected data with position information. In this papera, we design and evaluate a hybrid system which combines WSN and RFID technologies to provide an indoor positioning service with the capability of feeding position information into a general-purpose IoT environment. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated by means of simulations and a small-scale experimental set-up. The performed analysis demonstrates that the joint use of heterogeneous technologies can increase the robustness and the accuracy of the indoor positioning systems.

2009 - 2009 Eighth International Conference on Networks
The Impact of AP Placement in WLAN-Based Indoor Positioning System

In recent years, the indoor positioning systems using the existing wireless local area network and Location fingerprinting schemes are the most popular systems. The accuracy of the system is the most important indicator. In this paper we present some experimental results to explore different environment parameters that impact localization error.

2019 - IEEE Access
Evaluating Indoor Positioning Systems in a Shopping Mall: The Lessons Learned From the IPIN 2018 Competition

The Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN) conference holds an annual competition in which indoor localization systems from different research groups worldwide are evaluated empirically. The objective of this competition is to establish a systematic evaluation methodology with rigorous metrics both for real-time (on-site) and post-processing (off-site) situations, in a realistic environment unfamiliar to the prototype developers. For the IPIN 2018 conference, this competition was held on September 22nd, 2018, in Atlantis, a large shopping mall in Nantes (France). Four competition tracks (two on-site and two off-site) were designed. They consisted of several 1 km routes traversing several floors of the mall. Along these paths, 180 points were topographically surveyed with a 10 cm accuracy, to serve as ground truth landmarks, combining theodolite measurements, differential global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and 3D scanner systems. 34 teams effectively competed. The accuracy score corresponds to the third quartile (75th percentile) of an error metric that combines the horizontal positioning error and the floor detection. The best results for the on-site tracks showed an accuracy score of 11.70 m (Track 1) and 5.50 m (Track 2), while the best results for the off-site tracks showed an accuracy score of 0.90 m (Track 3) and 1.30 m (Track 4). These results showed that it is possible to obtain high accuracy indoor positioning solutions in large, realistic environments using wearable light-weight sensors without deploying any beacon. This paper describes the organization work of the tracks, analyzes the methodology used to quantify the results, reviews the lessons learned from the competition and discusses its future.

2004 - IEEE INFOCOM 2004
Modeling of indoor positioning systems based on location fingerprinting

In previous years, positioning systems for indoor areas using the existing wireless local area network infrastructure have been suggested. Such systems make use of location fingerprinting rather than time or direction of arrival techniques for determining the location of mobile stations. While experimental results related to such positioning systems have been presented, there is a lack of analytical models that can be used as a framework for designing and deploying the positioning systems. In this paper, we present an analytical model for analyzing such positioning systems. We develop the framework for analyzing a simple positioning system that employs the Euclidean distance between a sample signal vector and the location fingerprints of an area stored in a database. We analyze the effect of the number of access points that are visible and radio propagation parameters on the performance of the positioning system and provide some preliminary guidelines on its design.

2018 - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems
Methods and Tools to Construct a Global Indoor Positioning System

A global indoor positioning system (GIPS) is a system that provides positioning services in most buildings in villages and cities globally. Among the various indoor positioning techniques, WLAN-based location fingerprinting has attracted considerable attention because of the wide availability of WLAN and relatively high resolution of the fingerprint-based positioning techniques. This paper introduces methods and tools to construct a GIPS by using WLAN fingerprinting. An unsupervised learning-based method is adopted to construct radio maps using fingerprints collected via crowdsourcing, and a probabilistic indoor positioning algorithm is developed for the radio maps constructed with the crowdsourced fingerprints. Along with these techniques, collecting indoor and radio maps of buildings in villages and cities is essential for a GIPS. This paper aims to collect indoor and radio maps from volunteers who are interested in deploying indoor positioning systems for their buildings. The methods and tools for the volunteers are also described in the process of developing an indoor positioning system within the larger GIPS. An experimental GIPS, named KAIST indoor locating system (KAILOS), was developed integrating the methods and tools. Then indoor navigation systems for a university campus and a large-scale indoor shopping mall were developed on KAILOS, revealing the effectiveness of KAILOS in developing indoor positioning systems. The more volunteers who participate in developing indoor positioning systems on KAILOS-like systems, the sooner GIPS will be realized.

2014 - Electronics Letters
Highly accurate 3D wireless indoor positioning system using white LED lights

A wireless indoor positioning system using white LED lights is proposed. The time difference of arrival technique is employed and the phase differences between the received signals are determined to develop a positioning algorithm which can estimate the receiver location with a mean localisation error as low as 1 mm in a room of dimensions 5 × 5 × 3 m. Through simulations, it is identified that the optimum receiver height where localisation error gets minimised is between 2.5 and 3 m from the ceiling which corresponds well with the typical dimensions of a room.

Survey of Wireless Indoor Positioning Techniques and Systems

Jing Liu
|
Houshang Darabi
|
Pat P. Banerjee
|
Hui Liu
|
J. Liu
|
H. Darabi
|
Hui Liu
|
P. Banerjee
|
Pat P. Banerjee

Abstract:Wireless indoor positioning systems have become very popular in recent years. These systems have been successfully used in many applications such as asset tracking and inventory management. This paper provides an overview of the existing wireless indoor positioning solutions and attempts to classify different techniques and systems. Three typical location estimation schemes of triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity are analyzed. We also discuss location fingerprinting in detail since it is used in most current system or solutions. We then examine a set of properties by which location systems are evaluated, and apply this evaluation method to survey a number of existing systems. Comprehensive performance comparisons including accuracy, precision, complexity, scalability, robustness, and cost are presented.

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2016
A new solutions for staff localization in chemical plant
Proceedings 2011 International Conference on System Science and Engineering
2011
Analysis of Addax-Sinopec Outdoor Pathloss Behavior for WiFi and WiMAX Infrastructure
2016
TRACKINDOORS: REAL-TIME INFRASTRUCTURE-LESS INDOOR TRACKING USING HYBRID APPROACH
2015
Spatial spectrum reuse in wireless networks design and performance
2011
OSEM : occupant-specific energy monitoring.
2016
Indoor navigation algorithm for mobile robot using wireless sensor networks
2017 International Conference on Communication, Control, Computing and Electronics Engineering (ICCCCEE)
2017
A Novel RSS-Ratio Position Estimation Scheme for Wi-Fi Networks
2015
A Systematic Literature Review of Indoor Position System Accuracy and Implementation
2018 International Conference on Applied Science and Technology (iCAST)
2018