Strategies for multi-modal scene exploration

We propose a method for multi-modal scene exploration where initial object hypothesis formed by active visual segmentation are confirmed and augmented through haptic exploration with a robotic arm. We update the current belief about the state of the map with the detection results and predict yet unknown parts of the map with a Gaussian Process. We show that through the integration of different sensor modalities, we achieve a more complete scene model. We also show that the prediction of the scene structure leads to a valid scene representation even if the map is not fully traversed. Furthermore, we propose different exploration strategies and evaluate them both in simulation and on our robotic platform.

[1]  Darius Burschka,et al.  Stochastic Optimization for Rigid Point Set Registration , 2009, ISVC.

[2]  R. Prim Shortest connection networks and some generalizations , 1957 .

[3]  Alexei Makarenko,et al.  Information based adaptive robotic exploration , 2002, IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[4]  Sebastian Thrun,et al.  Shape from symmetry , 2005, Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1.

[5]  Trevor Darrell,et al.  Active Learning with Gaussian Processes for Object Categorization , 2007, 2007 IEEE 11th International Conference on Computer Vision.

[6]  Yong Yu,et al.  C-space Entropy: A Measure for View Planning and Exploration for General Robot-Sensor Systems in Unknown Environments , 2004, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[7]  Danica Kragic,et al.  Active 3D scene segmentation and detection of unknown objects , 2010, 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[8]  Michael Beetz,et al.  Robotic grasping of unmodeled objects using time-of-flight range data and finger torque information , 2010, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[9]  Hugh F. Durrant-Whyte,et al.  Contextual occupancy maps using Gaussian processes , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[10]  Oliver Brock,et al.  Manipulating articulated objects with interactive perception , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[11]  Elon Rimon,et al.  Spanning-tree based coverage of continuous areas by a mobile robot , 2001, Proceedings 2001 ICRA. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.01CH37164).

[12]  Alberto Elfes,et al.  Using occupancy grids for mobile robot perception and navigation , 1989, Computer.

[13]  Lydia E. Kavraki,et al.  Probabilistic roadmaps for path planning in high-dimensional configuration spaces , 1996, IEEE Trans. Robotics Autom..

[14]  Danica Kragic,et al.  Vision for robotic object manipulation in domestic settings , 2005, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[15]  Oliver Brock,et al.  Interactive segmentation for manipulation in unstructured environments , 2009, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.

[16]  Stevan Harnad The Symbol Grounding Problem , 1999, ArXiv.

[17]  Matei T. Ciocarlie,et al.  Contact-reactive grasping of objects with partial shape information , 2010, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[18]  Christopher K. I. Williams,et al.  Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning) , 2005 .

[19]  Danica Kragic,et al.  An Active Vision System for Detecting, Fixating and Manipulating Objects in the Real World , 2010, Int. J. Robotics Res..

[20]  Carl E. Rasmussen,et al.  Gaussian process dynamic programming , 2009, Neurocomputing.

[21]  Wolfram Burgard,et al.  Information Gain-based Exploration Using Rao-Blackwellized Particle Filters , 2005, Robotics: Science and Systems.

[22]  Nico Blodow,et al.  General 3D modelling of novel objects from a single view , 2010, 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[23]  Lars Petersson,et al.  High-level control of a mobile manipulator for door opening , 2000, Proceedings. 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2000) (Cat. No.00CH37113).

[24]  K. Chaloner,et al.  Bayesian Experimental Design: A Review , 1995 .

[25]  B. Faverjon,et al.  Probabilistic Roadmaps for Path Planning in High-Dimensional Con(cid:12)guration Spaces , 1996 .

[26]  Martin Buss,et al.  Bayesian state estimation and behavior selection for autonomous robotic exploration in dynamic environments , 2008, 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.

[27]  Dejan Pangercic,et al.  Real-time CAD model matching for mobile manipulation and grasping , 2009, 2009 9th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots.

[28]  Danica Kragic,et al.  Integrating Active Mobile Robot Object Recognition and SLAM in Natural Environments , 2006, 2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.